Mitogen-activated protein kinase 9

{{Short description|Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens}} {{Infobox_gene}} '''Mitogen-activated protein kinase 9''' is an [[enzyme]] that in humans is encoded by the ''MAPK9'' [[gene]].<ref name="pmid8001819">{{cite journal | vauthors = Kallunki T, Su B, Tsigelny I, Sluss HK, Dérijard B, Moore G, Davis R, Karin M | title = JNK2 contains a specificity-determining region responsible for efficient c-Jun binding and phosphorylation | journal = Genes & Development | volume = 8 | issue = 24 | pages = 2996–3007 | date = Dec 1994 | pmid = 8001819 | doi = 10.1101/gad.8.24.2996 | doi-access = free }}</ref>

== Function ==

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the MAP kinase family. MAP kinases act as an integration point for multiple biochemical signals, and are involved in a wide variety of cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, transcription regulation and development. This kinase targets specific transcription factors, and thus mediates immediate-early gene expression in response to various cell stimuli. It is most closely related to MAPK8, both of which are involved in UV radiation-induced apoptosis, thought to be related to the cytochrome c-mediated cell death pathway. This gene and MAPK8 are also known as c-Jun N-terminal kinases. This kinase blocks the [[ubiquitin]]ation of tumor suppressor p53, and thus it increases the stability of p53 in nonstressed cells. Studies of this gene's mouse counterpart suggest a key role in T-cell differentiation. Four alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been reported.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: MAPK9 mitogen-activated protein kinase 9| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=5601}}</ref>

== Interactions ==

Mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 has been shown to [[Protein-protein interaction|interact]] with: * [[Grb2]],<ref name = pmid9019171>{{cite journal | vauthors = Saleem A, Datta R, Yuan ZM, Kharbanda S, Kufe D | title = Involvement of stress-activated protein kinase in the cellular response to 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine and other DNA-damaging agents | journal = Cell Growth & Differentiation | volume = 6 | issue = 12 | pages = 1651–8 | date = Dec 1995 | pmid = 9019171 }}</ref><ref name = pmid7642542>{{cite journal | vauthors = Kharbanda S, Saleem A, Shafman T, Emoto Y, Taneja N, Rubin E, Weichselbaum R, Woodgett J, Avruch J, Kyriakis J | title = Ionizing radiation stimulates a Grb2-mediated association of the stress-activated protein kinase with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 270 | issue = 32 | pages = 18871–4 | date = Aug 1995 | pmid = 7642542 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.270.32.18871 | doi-access = free }}</ref> * [[MAPK8IP1]],<ref name = pmid10490659/><ref name = pmid9733513>{{cite journal | vauthors = Whitmarsh AJ, Cavanagh J, Tournier C, Yasuda J, Davis RJ | title = A mammalian scaffold complex that selectively mediates MAP kinase activation | journal = Science | volume = 281 | issue = 5383 | pages = 1671–4 | date = Sep 1998 | pmid = 9733513 | doi = 10.1126/science.281.5383.1671 | bibcode = 1998Sci...281.1671W }}</ref> * [[MAPK8IP2]],<ref name = pmid10490659>{{cite journal | vauthors = Yasuda J, Whitmarsh AJ, Cavanagh J, Sharma M, Davis RJ | title = The JIP group of mitogen-activated protein kinase scaffold proteins | journal = Molecular and Cellular Biology | volume = 19 | issue = 10 | pages = 7245–54 | date = Oct 1999 | pmid = 10490659 | pmc = 84717 | doi = 10.1128/mcb.19.10.7245}}</ref> * [[MAPK8IP3]]<ref name = pmid10523642>{{cite journal | vauthors = Ito M, Yoshioka K, Akechi M, Yamashita S, Takamatsu N, Sugiyama K, Hibi M, Nakabeppu Y, Shiba T, Yamamoto KI | title = JSAP1, a novel jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK)-binding protein that functions as a Scaffold factor in the JNK signaling pathway | journal = Molecular and Cellular Biology | volume = 19 | issue = 11 | pages = 7539–48 | date = Nov 1999 | pmid = 10523642 | pmc = 84763 | doi = 10.1128/mcb.19.11.7539}}</ref><ref name = pmid10629060>{{cite journal | vauthors = Kelkar N, Gupta S, Dickens M, Davis RJ | title = Interaction of a mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling module with the neuronal protein JIP3 | journal = Molecular and Cellular Biology | volume = 20 | issue = 3 | pages = 1030–43 | date = Feb 2000 | pmid = 10629060 | pmc = 85220 | doi = 10.1128/mcb.20.3.1030-1043.2000 }}</ref> * [[P53]],<ref name = pmid9393873>{{cite journal | vauthors = Hu MC, Qiu WR, Wang YP | title = JNK1, JNK2 and JNK3 are p53 N-terminal serine 34 kinases | journal = Oncogene | volume = 15 | issue = 19 | pages = 2277–87 | date = Nov 1997 | pmid = 9393873 | doi = 10.1038/sj.onc.1201401 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name = pmid12384512>{{cite journal | vauthors = Lin Y, Khokhlatchev A, Figeys D, Avruch J | title = Death-associated protein 4 binds MST1 and augments MST1-induced apoptosis | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 277 | issue = 50 | pages = 47991–8001 | date = Dec 2002 | pmid = 12384512 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M202630200 | doi-access = free }}</ref> and * [[TOB1]].<ref name = pmid12151396>{{cite journal | vauthors = Maekawa M, Nishida E, Tanoue T | title = Identification of the Anti-proliferative protein Tob as a MAPK substrate | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 277 | issue = 40 | pages = 37783–7 | date = Oct 2002 | pmid = 12151396 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M204506200 | doi-access = free }}</ref>

== References == {{reflist}}

== Further reading == {{refbegin | 2}} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Lin A | title = The JNK Signaling Pathway (Molecular Biology Intelligence Unit) | journal = Landes Bioscience | volume = 1 | pages = 1–97 | year = 2006 | isbn = 978-1587061202}} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Davis RJ | title = Signal transduction by the JNK group of MAP kinases | journal = Cell | volume = 103 | issue = 2 | pages = 239–52 | year = 2000 | pmid = 11057897 | doi = 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)00116-1 | s2cid = 343677 | doi-access = free }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Liu J, Lin A | title = Wiring the cell signaling circuitry by the NF-kappa B and JNK1 crosstalk and its applications in human diseases | journal = Oncogene | volume = 26 | issue = 22 | pages = 3267–78 | year = 2007 | pmid = 17496921 | doi = 10.1038/sj.onc.1210417 | s2cid = 28428831 | doi-access = free }} {{refend}}

== External links == * [http://www.mapkinases.eu MAP Kinase Resource ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415072533/http://www.mapkinases.eu/ |date=2021-04-15 }}.

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 9}} [[Category:EC 2.7.11]] [[Category:Human proteins]]