Mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint protein MAD1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MAD1L1 gene.[1][2][3]

MAD1L1 is also known as Human Accelerated Region 3. It may have played a key role in the evolution of humans from apes.[4]

Function

MAD1L1 is a component of the mitotic spindle-assembly checkpoint that prevents the onset of anaphase until all chromosome are properly aligned at the metaphase plate. MAD1L1 functions as a homodimer and interacts with MAD2L1. MAD1L1 may play a role in cell cycle control and tumor suppression. Some studies indicate associations of MAD1L1 with psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and depression. [5][6][7] Three transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene.[3]

Interactions

MAD1L1 has been shown to interact with:

See also

References

  1. ^ Jin DY, Kozak CA, Pangilinan F, Spencer F, Green ED, Jeang KT (February 1999). "Mitotic checkpoint locus MAD1L1 maps to human chromosome 7p22 and mouse chromosome 5". Genomics. 55 (3): 363–364. doi:10.1006/geno.1998.5654. PMID 10049595
  2. ^ Jin DY, Spencer F, Jeang KT (April 1998). "Human T cell leukemia virus type 1 oncoprotein Tax targets the human mitotic checkpoint protein MAD1". Cell. 93 (1): 81–91. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81148-4. PMID 9546394. S2CID 7345931
  3. ^ "Entrez Gene: MAD1L1 MAD1 mitotic arrest deficient-like 1 (yeast)"
  4. ^ Kostka D, Hubisz MJ, Siepel A, Pollard KS (March 2012). "The role of GC-biased gene conversion in shaping the fastest evolving regions of the human genome". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 29 (3): 1047–1057. doi:10.1093/molbev/msr279. PMC 3278478. PMID 22075116
  5. ^ Lam M, Chen CY, Li Z, Martin AR, Bryois J, Ma X, Gaspar H, Ikeda M, Benyamin B, Brown BC, Liu R, Zhou W, Guan L, Kamatani Y, Kim SW, Kubo M, Kusumawardhani AA, Liu CM, Ma H, Periyasamy S, Takahashi A, Xu Z, Yu H, Zhu F, Chen WJ, Faraone S, Glatt SJ, He L, Hyman SE, Hwu HG, McCarroll SA, Neale BM, Sklar P, Wildenauer DB, Yu X, Zhang D, Mowry BJ, Lee J, Holmans P, Xu S, Sullivan PF, Ripke S, O'Donovan MC, Daly MJ, Qin S, Sham P, Iwata N, Hong KS, Schwab SG, Yue W, Tsuang M, Liu J, Ma X, Kahn RS, Shi Y, Huang H (December 2019). "Comparative genetic architectures of schizophrenia in East Asian and European populations". Nature Genetics. 51 (12): 1670–1678. doi:10.1038/s41588-019-0512-x. PMC 6885121. PMID 31740837
  6. ^ Hou L, Bergen SE, Akula N, Song J, Hultman CM, Landén M, Adli M, Alda M, Ardau R, Arias B, Aubry JM, Backlund L, Badner JA, Barrett TB, Bauer M, Baune BT, Bellivier F, Benabarre A, Bengesser S, Berrettini WH, Bhattacharjee AK, Biernacka JM, Birner A, Bloss CS, Brichant-Petitjean C, Bui ET, Byerley W, Cervantes P, Chillotti C, Cichon S, Colom F, Coryell W, Craig DW, Cruceanu C, Czerski PM, Davis T, Dayer A, Degenhardt F, Del Zompo M, DePaulo JR, Edenberg HJ, Étain B, Falkai P, Foroud T, Forstner AJ, Frisén L, Frye MA, Fullerton JM, Gard S, Garnham JS, Gershon ES, Goes FS, Greenwood TA, Grigoroiu-Serbanescu M, Hauser J, Heilbronner U, Heilmann-Heimbach S, Herms S, Hipolito M, Hitturlingappa S, Hoffmann P, Hofmann A, Jamain S, Jiménez E, Kahn JP, Kassem L, Kelsoe JR, Kittel-Schneider S, Kliwicki S, Koller DL, König B, Lackner N, Laje G, Lang M, Lavebratt C, Lawson WB, Leboyer M, Leckband SG, Liu C, Maaser A, Mahon PB, Maier W, Maj M, Manchia M, Martinsson L, McCarthy MJ, McElroy SL, McInnis MG, McKinney R, Mitchell PB, Mitjans M, Mondimore FM, Monteleone P, Mühleisen TW, Nievergelt CM, Nöthen MM, Novák T, Nurnberger JI, Nwulia EA, Ösby U, Pfennig A, Potash JB, Propping P, Reif A, Reininghaus E, Rice J, Rietschel M, Rouleau GA, Rybakowski JK, Schalling M, Scheftner WA, Schofield PR, Schork NJ, Schulze TG, Schumacher J, Schweizer BW, Severino G, Shekhtman T, Shilling PD, Simhandl C, Slaney CM, Smith EN, Squassina A, Stamm T, Stopkova P, Streit F, Strohmaier J, Szelinger S, Tighe SK, Tortorella A, Turecki G, Vieta E, Volkert J, Witt SH, Wright A, Zandi PP, Zhang P, Zollner S, McMahon FJ (August 2016). "Genome-wide association study of 40,000 individuals identifies two novel loci associated with bipolar disorder". Human Molecular Genetics. 25 (15): 3383–3394. doi:10.1093/hmg/ddw181. PMC 5179929. PMID 27329760
  7. ^ Sokolov AV, Manu DM, Nordberg DO, Boström AD, Jokinen J, Schiöth HB (January 2023). "Methylation in MAD1L1 is associated with the severity of suicide attempt and phenotypes of depression". Clinical Epigenetics. 15 (1): 1. doi:10.1186/s13148-022-01394-5. PMC 9811786. PMID 36600305
  8. ^ Yoon YM, Baek KH, Jeong SJ, Shin HJ, Ha GH, Jeon AH, Hwang SG, Chun JS, Lee CW (September 2004). "WD repeat-containing mitotic checkpoint proteins act as transcriptional repressors during interphase". FEBS Letters. 575 (1–3): 23–29. doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2004.07.089. PMID 15388328. S2CID 21762011
  9. ^ Rual JF, Venkatesan K, Hao T, Hirozane-Kishikawa T, Dricot A, Li N, Berriz GF, Gibbons FD, Dreze M, Ayivi-Guedehoussou N, Klitgord N, Simon C, Boxem M, Milstein S, Rosenberg J, Goldberg DS, Zhang LV, Wong SL, Franklin G, Li S, Albala JS, Lim J, Fraughton C, Llamosas E, Cevik S, Bex C, Lamesch P, Sikorski RS, Vandenhaute J, Zoghbi HY, Smolyar A, Bosak S, Sequerra R, Doucette-Stamm L, Cusick ME, Hill DE, Roth FP, Vidal M (October 2005). "Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network". Nature. 437 (7062): 1173–1178. Bibcode:2005Natur.437.1173R. doi:10.1038/nature04209. PMID 16189514. S2CID 4427026
  10. ^ Sironi L, Melixetian M, Faretta M, Prosperini E, Helin K, Musacchio A (November 2001). "Mad2 binding to Mad1 and Cdc20, rather than oligomerization, is required for the spindle checkpoint". The EMBO Journal. 20 (22): 6371–6382. doi:10.1093/emboj/20.22.6371. PMC 125308. PMID 11707408
  11. ^ Murakumo Y, Roth T, Ishii H, Rasio D, Numata S, Croce CM, Fishel R (February 2000). "A human REV7 homolog that interacts with the polymerase zeta catalytic subunit hREV3 and the spindle assembly checkpoint protein hMAD2". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 275 (6): 4391–4397. doi:10.1074/jbc.275.6.4391. PMID 10660610