{{distinguish|155 mm gun M1}} {{more citations|date=September 2025}} {{Short description|US-made towed howitzer}} {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}} {{Infobox weapon | name = 155 mm Howitzer M114 | image = M114 155 mm Howitzer in Museum of technique 2016-08-16.jpg | image_size = | caption = | type = Field Howitzer | origin = United States <!-- Type selection --> | is_ranged = yes | is_artillery = yes <!-- Service history --> | service = 1942–present | used_by = See ''{{section link|M114 155 mm howitzer|Operators|nopage=yes}}'' | wars = {{Plainlist| *World War II *Korean War *Vietnam War *Cambodian Civil War *Laotian Civil War *Lebanese Civil War *Salvadoran Civil War *Iran–Iraq War *Kurdish–Turkish conflict (1978–present) *Yugoslav Wars *Syrian Civil War *Russian invasion of Ukraine<ref name="milm114ua">{{Cite web|url=https://militarnyi.com/en/news/ukrainian-defense-forces-equipped-with-american-m114-howitzers-from-world-war-ii/|title=Ukrainian Defense Forces Equipped with American M114 Howitzers from World War II|website=Militarnyi|accessdate=2025-04-29|language=}}</ref> }} <!-- Production history --> | designer = U.S. Army Ordnance Department | design_date = 1939–1941 | manufacturer = Rock Island Arsenal (US) | production_date = 1941–1953 (US)<ref name="Korean War : Weapons of the United Nations"/> | number = 10,300 (US)<ref name="Korean War : Weapons of the United Nations"/> | variants = See ''{{section link|M114 155 mm howitzer|Variants|nopage=yes}}'' <!-- General specifications --> | mass = '''Travel''': {{convert|5800|kg|lb|order=flip|abbr=on}}<br/>'''Combat''': {{convert|5600|kg|lb|order=flip|abbr=on}} | length = '''Travel''': {{convert|7.315|m|ftin|order=flip|abbr=on|sigfig=1}} | part_length = '''Overall''': {{convert|3.79|m|ftin|order=flip|abbr=on}} L/24.5<br/>'''Bore''': {{convert|3.564|m|ftin|order=flip|abbr=on|sigfig=1}} L/23 | width = '''Travel''': {{convert|2.438|m|ftin|order=flip|abbr=on|sigfig=1}} | height = '''Travel''': {{convert|1.8|m|ftin|order=flip|abbr=on}} | crew = 11 <!-- Ranged weapon specifications --> | cartridge = Separate-loading bagged charge | cartridge_weight = | caliber = {{convert|155|mm|in|order=flip|abbr=on}} | action = | rate = '''Burst''': 4 {{abbr|rpm|Rounds per minute}} <br/>'''Sustained''': 40 {{abbr|rph|Rounds per hour}} | velocity = {{convert|563|m/s|ft/s|order=flip|abbr=on}} | range = | max_range = {{convert|14,600|m|yd|order=flip|abbr=on}} | feed = | sights = <!-- Artillery specifications --> | breech = Slow-cone interrupted screw | recoil = Hydro-pneumatic | carriage = Split trail | elevation = −2° / +63° | traverse = 25° left / 25° right }}
The '''155 mm Howitzer M114''' is a towed howitzer developed and used by the United States Army. It was first produced in 1941 as a medium artillery piece under the designation of '''155 mm Howitzer M1'''. It saw service with the US Army during World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War, before being replaced by the M198 howitzer.
The gun was also used by the armed forces of many nations. The '''M114A1''' remains in service in some countries.
==Development== ===Early development=== thumb|upright|left|155 mm howitzer M1920 After the end of the First World War a board later named the Westervelt Board after its president, Brigadier General William I. Westervelt, was convened to assess the artillery experience of the combatant powers and map out future directions for the US Army artillery. The conclusion of the board vis-a-vis corps (heavy field) artillery was that an ideal heavy howitzer should have range of at least {{convert|16,000|yards|km}} and allow the elevation of 65°<ref name="Joyce">{{cite journal |last=Joyce |first=B. P. |date=January–February 1922 |title=New "Four-Point-Seven" Guns |url=https://tradocfcoeccafcoepfwprod.blob.core.usgovcloudapi.net/fires-bulletin-archive/1922/JAN_FEB_1922/JAN_FEB_1922_FULL_EDITION.pdf |journal=The Field Artillery Journal |volume=XII |page=3 |access-date=2023-12-14 |language=en}}</ref> (as opposed to the existing World War I-era M-1918 155 mm howitzers, a license-built French Canon de 155 C modèle 1917 Schneider, 11.5 km and +42° 20' respectively). Board also recommended that the new 155-mm howitzer and the new {{convert|4.7|in|mm|adj=on}} gun share all the carriage, even if it compromises both designs.{{citation needed|date=September 2025}}
The M1920 carriage resulting from this requirements was of the split-trail type with pneumatic equilibrators, permitting a total traverse of 60°.<ref name="Joyce" /> Unfortunately, it "gave considerable trouble due to the persistent failure of the top carriage" on the firing tests.<ref name="Goebert">{{cite journal |last=Goebert |first=E. C. |date=November–December 1931 |title=The 155mm Gun – 8-inch Howitzer |url=https://tradocfcoeccafcoepfwprod.blob.core.usgovcloudapi.net/fires-bulletin-archive/1931/NOV_DEC_1931/NOV_DEC_1931_FULL_EDITION.pdf |journal=The Field Artillery Journal |volume=XXI |issue=6 |pages=664–667 |access-date=2023-12-14 |language=en}}</ref> In 1923–1925 the design was modified with the top carriage reinforced, with the result standardized as M1925.<ref name="Goebert" /> However, it was never built in steel, because after the evaluation of a wooden model the project was abandoned.<ref name="Goebert" /> Instead, two new carriages were developed and built in the following years, which were designated T1 ([https://www.digitalniknihovna.cz/dsmo/view/uuid:2abc64dd-9b71-4ee0-ab26-7e92591aeb22?page=uuid:ed7ddf1f-b1ce-11ea-b950-001b63bd97ba photos]) and T1E1.<ref name="Goebert" /> All of them had the same ballistics (perhaps even the same gun body), with maximal range of {{convert|16,390|yds|km}}, and were undergoing tests in the early 1930s.<ref name="Goebert" /> By 1934, the US Army was concerned about the arising high-speed towing requirements not satisfied by the plain bearings and solid rubber ties.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dHwNAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA216|title=Materiel (Weapons).|first=Field Artillery School (Fort Sill|last=Okla.)|date=17 May 1934|publisher=Printing plant, The Field artillery school|via=Google Books}}</ref> ===Before and during World War II=== In 1939 the development began anew,<ref name=HOGG-68 /> by spring 1941 the first specimen was ready to be test-fired and immediately after passing them<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H1M8AAAAMAAJ&pg=PT1|title=Sketches of the Ordnance Research and Development Center in World War II.|first=Aberdeen Proving Ground (Md ) Ordnance Research and Development|last=Center|date=17 May 1945|publisher=Aberdeen Proving Ground|via=Google Books}}</ref> it was standardized on 15 May 1941 as Howitzer M1 on the Carriage M1. The howitzer itself differed from the older model by a lengthened barrel of 20 calibers and a new breech mechanism. Uniquely it was the sole 'slow-cone' interrupted screw mechanism to enter US service after 1920.<ref name=HOGG-68>{{harvnb|Hogg|page=68}}</ref>{{Explain|date=December 2025}}
The carriage was also used by the 4.5-inch gun M1. It went through a number of minor changes over time. The original Warner electric brakes were replaced by Westinghouse air brakes on the M1A1. Both the M1 and M1A1 carriages used a mid-axle firing pedestal that was extended by a ratchet mechanism. The M1A2 replaced the ratchet with a screw-jack system and also modified the traveling lock. The M1A1E1 carriage was intended for use in jungle and muddy terrain and replaced the wheels of the M1A1 with a free-wheeling tracked suspension, but the project was terminated after V-J Day without having reached production. The T-9 and T-10 carriages were projects using low-grade steel alloys that were canceled when no longer needed. The T-16 was a light-weight carriage using high-grade steel that was estimated to save some {{convert|1200|lb|abbr=on}}; work began in July 1945 and continued after the war, although nothing seems to have come from it.<ref name="HOGG-68" />
===Post World War II=== thumb|''"Weapons of the Field Artillery"'' (1966). After World War II, the production of M1 howitzers continued to 1953.<ref name="Korean War : Weapons of the United Nations">{{Cite book |last=Bak |first=Dongchan |url=http://medcmd.mil.kr/user/imhc/upload/pblictn/PBLICTNEBOOK_202105270240172800.pdf |title=Korean War : Weapons of the United Nations |publisher=Ministry of Defense Institute for Military History |date=March 2021 |isbn=979-11-5598-079-8 |location=Republic of Korea |pages=105–107 |language=Korean |access-date=7 July 2022 |archive-date=20 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920170621/http://medcmd.mil.kr/user/imhc/upload/pblictn/PBLICTNEBOOK_202105270240172800.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Additionally it was redesignated as the '''Howitzer, Medium, Towed: 155 mm, M114''', with the complete system composed of the cannon (M1), carriage (M1A1), and recoil system (M6, M6A1, M6B1 or M6B2).{{sfn|Foss|2011|page=1016}}
A mid-1960s carriage variant was the 155mm XM123 & M123A1 auxiliary-propelled howitzers. The XM123 was produced by American Machine and Foundry and outfitted with two 20 horsepower air-cooled engines produced by Consolidated Diesel Corporation, driver's seat, steering wheel, and guide wheel on the left trail, allowing it to be more rapidly emplaced when detached from the prime mover, while the XM123A1 provided a single 20 horsepower motor with electric steering. The extra weight on the left trail displaced the howitzer after each round was fired, requiring it to be realigned, and the project was abandoned. The concept was copied from the Soviet 85mm SD-44 auxiliary-propelled anti-tank gun developed in 1954 and used by airborne forces (VDV).{{Citation needed|date=January 2021}} [[File:XM123 Medium Auxiliary Propelled 155mm Howitzer.jpg|thumb|Front view of an XM123 medium auxiliary propelled 155 mm howitzer at the Rock Island Arsenal Museum]] [[File:XM123 auxiliary drive unit and seat.jpg|thumb|XM123 medium auxiliary propelled 155 mm howitzer seat and power unit at the Rock Island Arsenal Museum]] ====Post war variants==== *'''M114A1''' − Identical to the M114, but with a M1A2 carriage.{{sfn|Foss|2011|page=1016}} *'''M114A2''' − Similar to the M114A1, but with a slightly longer barrel. Its main distinguishing feature is a groove cut around the barrel about {{convert|50-70|mm|order=flip}} from the end. The bore of the M114A2 have a 1 in 20 twist instead of the 1 in 12 used in earlier models, extending the range of the projectiles. In 1997, the United States supplied Bosnia-Herzegovina with 116 ex-US Army M114A2s while an additional 145 were earmarked for spare parts.{{sfn|Foss|2011|page=1016}} *'''M114/39 (Netherlands)''' − Dutch modernization by RDM Technology, it features a 155 mm 39 caliber barrel supplied by Bofors (now BAE Systems) amongst other upgrades. 96 M114s were modernized for Denmark, 82 for the Netherlands, and 48 for Norway.{{sfn|Foss|2011|page=1016}} * '''M114/39 (France)''' − French modernization package by Giat Industries, it included the installation of a 155 mm 39 caliber barrel. It was never sold.{{sfn|Foss|2011|page=1016}} *'''M114S''' − Israeli modernization package by Soltam Systems, the M114S features a 155 mm 33 caliber barrel, allowing a standard 155 mm M107 HE projectile to be fired to a maximum distance of {{convert|18,300|m|yd|order=flip}}; a muzzle brake in the barrel, a pneumatic ramming system for the loader, improved mounts and fixtures, and an optional telescopic sight for direct fire. One prototype was built, but wasn't adopted by the Israeli Defense Forces or exported.{{sfn|Foss|2011|pages=963,1016}} *'''KM114A1''' - Reverse engineered version of the M114A1 by South Korea. It is modified to fire RAP ammunition at a maximum range of {{cvt|19.5|km|order=flip}}. Produced since the late 1970s until the introduction of the KH179.<ref name="Korean War : Weapons of the United Nations"/><ref name="KFN">{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JxUVxBkKRkE |title=추억과 자부심이 동시에! 155mm 견인포 M114A1 국산화 1호 시제품 I 국방홍보원 |date=2024-04-20 |publisher=KFN |access-date=2025-01-30 |via=YouTube}}</ref> *'''155 mm Howitzer M65''' − Yugoslav copy of the M114A1, which was also used by the Yugoslav People's Army. Its virtually identical to the original, with a few minor differences. The M65 fires the standard American M107 HE shell. For training the M65 can be fitted with a {{cvt|20|mm}} sub-caliber barrel insert.{{sfn|Foss|1994|page=654}} It was built only in small numbers.{{sfn|Foss|2011|page=1016}}
==Variants== * Gun variants:<ref name="HOGG-68" /><ref name=TM-9-1331B-205/> ** '''M1920''' − Prototype. ** '''M1925''' − First standardized variant. Unbuilt prototype, only exist as a wooden model. ** '''T1''', '''T1E1''' (1930s) − Prototype. ** '''M1''' (1941) − First variant to went into production. Barrel lengthened by 20 calibers, new breech mechanism.
* Carriage variants:<ref name="HOGG-68" /><ref name=TM-9-1331B-205/> ** '''M1920''' − Prototype. ** '''M1925''' − First standardized variant. Unbuilt prototype, only exist as a wooden model. ** '''T1''', '''T1E1''' (1930s) − Prototype. ** '''M1''' (1941) − Split trail carriage, pneumatic tires, mid-axle firing pedestal extended by a ratchet mechanism. ** '''M1A1''' − M1 with electric brakes replaced with air brakes. *** '''M1A1E1''' − Intended for use in jungle and muddy terrain, wheels replaced with a free-wheeling tracked suspension. Project terminated without reaching production. ** '''M1A2''' − M1 / M1A1 with the ratchet mechanism replaced by a screw-jack system, modified traveling lock. **'''T-9''', '''T-10''' − Projects using low-grade steel alloys. Canceled. **'''T-16''' − Light-weight carriage using high-grade steel. Canceled.
==Self-propelled mounts== The howitzer was experimentally mounted on a lengthened chassis of the M5 light tank. The resulting vehicle received the designation 155 mm Howitzer Motor Carriage T64. A single prototype was built before the T64 project was abandoned in favor of T64E1, based on the M24 Chaffee light tank chassis. This was eventually adopted as the M41 Howitzer Motor Carriage and saw action in the Korean War.<ref name=HUNNICUTT-STUART-337>{{harvnb|Hunnicutt|pages=337–339, 502}}</ref> Towards the end of the Korean War the US Army replaced the M41 self-propelled howitzer with the M44 self-propelled howitzer.{{Citation needed|date=January 2021}}
==Ammunition== The gun fires separate-loading, bagged charge ammunition, with up to seven different propelling charges, from 1 (the smallest) to 7 (the largest). Muzzle velocity, range and penetration in the tables below are for maximum charge in form of complete M4A1 propelling charge.
[[File:155HowRightRear.jpg|thumb|right|155 mm howitzer M114 at the U.S. Army Field Artillery Museum, Ft. Sill, Oklahoma]]
{| border=0 cellspacing=2 cellpadding=0 style="margin:0 0 .5em 1em; width:60%; background:#fff; border-collapse:collapse; border:1px solid #996; line-height:1.5; font-size:95%;" |- style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:1px solid #996; background-color:#996; color:#fff" | colspan="3" | '''Propelling charges'''<ref name=TM-9-1331B-205/> |- style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:1px solid #996;" | width="30%" style="border:1px solid #996" | '''Model''' | width="15%" style="border:1px solid #996" | '''Weight''' | width="50%" style="border:1px solid #996" | '''Components''' |- style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:1px solid #996; background-color:#ddb;" | colspan="3" | Standard charges |- style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;" | style="border:1px solid #996; text-align:left" | M3 | style="border:1px solid #996" | {{convert|2.69|kg|lb|2|order=flip|abbr=on}} | style="border:1px solid #996" | Base charge and four incremental charges (for charges 1 to 5) |- style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;" | style="border:1px solid #996; text-align:left" | M4 | style="border:1px solid #996" | {{convert|6.29|kg|lb|2|order=flip|abbr=on}} | style="border:1px solid #996" | Base charge and two incremental charges (for charges 5 to 7) |- style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;" | style="border:1px solid #996; text-align:left" | M4A1 | style="border:1px solid #996" | {{convert|6.31|kg|lb|2|order=flip|abbr=on}} | style="border:1px solid #996" | Base charge and four incremental charges (for charges 3 to 7) |- style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:1px solid #996; background-color:#ddb;" | colspan="3" | Dummy charges |- style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;" | style="border:1px solid #996; text-align:left" | Mk I Dummy | style="border:1px solid #996" | {{convert|3.63|kg|lb|2|order=flip|abbr=on|sigfig=1}} | style="border:1px solid #996" | Base charge and six incremental charges |- style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;" | style="border:1px solid #996; text-align:left" | M2 Dummy | style="border:1px solid #996" | {{convert|3.34|kg|lb|2|order=flip|abbr=on}} | style="border:1px solid #996" | Base charge and six incremental charges |}
:
{| border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 style="margin:0 0 .5em 1em; width:95%; background:#fff; border-collapse:collapse; border:1px solid #996; line-height:1.5; font-size:95%" |- style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:1px solid #996; background-color:#996; color:#fff" | colspan="7" | '''Projectiles'''<ref name=TM-9-1331B-205>''TM 9-1331B, 155mm Howitzer M1 and Mount M14'', p 205-219.</ref><ref name=HUNNICUTT-STUART-502>Hunnicutt - ''Stuart: A History of the American Light Tank'', p 502.</ref> |- style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:1px solid #996;" | width="15%" style="border:1px solid #996" | '''Type''' | width="20%" style="border:1px solid #996" | '''Model''' | width="10%" style="border:1px solid #996" | '''Weight''' | width="17%" style="border:1px solid #996" | '''Filler''' | width="18%" style="border:1px solid #996" | '''Filler weight''' | width="10%" style="border:1px solid #996" | '''Muzzle velocity''' | width="10%" style="border:1px solid #996" | '''Range''' |- style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:1px solid #996; background-color:#ddb;" | colspan="7" | High-explosive shells |- style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;" | style="border:1px solid #996; text-align:left" | HE | style="border:1px solid #996" | HE M102 Shell | style="border:1px solid #996" | {{convert|43.13|kg|lb|order=flip|abbr=on|sigfig=1}} | style="border:1px solid #996" | TNT | style="border:1px solid #996" | {{convert|7.06|kg|lb|2|order=flip|abbr=on}} | style="border:1px solid #996" | | style="border:1px solid #996" | |- style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;" | style="border:1px solid #996; text-align:left" | HE | style="border:1px solid #996" | HE M107 Shell | style="border:1px solid #996" | {{convert|43.00|kg|lb|order=flip|abbr=on|sigfig=1}} | style="border:1px solid #996" | TNT | style="border:1px solid #996" | {{convert|6.86|kg|lb|2|order=flip|abbr=on}} | style="border:1px solid #996" | {{convert|564|m/s|ft/s|order=flip|abbr=on}} | style="border:1px solid #996" | {{convert|14,955|m|yd|order=flip|abbr=on}} |- style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:1px solid #996; background-color:#ddb;" | colspan="7" | Smoke shells |- style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;" | style="border:1px solid #996; text-align:left" | Smoke | style="border:1px solid #996" | FS M105 Shell | style="border:1px solid #996" | {{convert|45.14|kg|lb|order=flip|abbr=on|sigfig=1}} | style="border:1px solid #996" | Sulfur trioxide in Chlorosulfonic acid | style="border:1px solid #996" | {{convert|7.67|kg|lb|2|order=flip|abbr=on}} | style="border:1px solid #996" | | style="border:1px solid #996" | |- style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;" | style="border:1px solid #996; text-align:left" | Smoke | style="border:1px solid #996" | WP M105 Shell | style="border:1px solid #996" | {{convert|44.55|kg|lb|order=flip|abbr=on|sigfig=1}} | style="border:1px solid #996" | White phosphorus (WP) | style="border:1px solid #996" | {{convert|7.08|kg|lb|2|order=flip|abbr=on}} | style="border:1px solid #996" | | style="border:1px solid #996" | |- style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;" | style="border:1px solid #996; text-align:left" | Smoke | style="border:1px solid #996" | FS M110 Shell | style="border:1px solid #996" | {{convert|45.45|kg|lb|order=flip|abbr=on|sigfig=1}} | style="border:1px solid #996" | Sulfur trioxide in Chlorosulfonic acid | style="border:1px solid #996" | {{convert|7.67|kg|lb|2|order=flip|abbr=on}} | style="border:1px solid #996" | | style="border:1px solid #996" | |- style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;" | style="border:1px solid #996; text-align:left" | Smoke | style="border:1px solid #996" | WP M110 Shell | style="border:1px solid #996" | {{convert|44.63|kg|lb|order=flip|abbr=on|sigfig=1}} | style="border:1px solid #996" | White phosphorus (WP) | style="border:1px solid #996" | {{convert|7.08|kg|lb|2|order=flip|abbr=on}} | style="border:1px solid #996" | | style="border:1px solid #996" | |- style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;" | style="border:1px solid #996; text-align:left" | Smoke, colored | style="border:1px solid #996" | BE M116 Shell | style="border:1px solid #996" | {{convert|39.21|kg|lb|order=flip|abbr=on|sigfig=1}} | style="border:1px solid #996" | Smoke mixture | style="border:1px solid #996" | {{convert|7.8|kg|lb|2|order=flip|abbr=on}} | style="border:1px solid #996" | | style="border:1px solid #996" | |- style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;" | style="border:1px solid #996; text-align:left" | Smoke | style="border:1px solid #996" | HC BE M116 Shell | style="border:1px solid #996" | {{convert|43.14|kg|lb|order=flip|abbr=on|sigfig=1}} | style="border:1px solid #996" | Zinc chloride (HC) | style="border:1px solid #996" | {{convert|11.7|kg|lb|2|order=flip|abbr=on}} | style="border:1px solid #996" | {{convert|564|m/s|ft/s|order=flip|abbr=on}} | style="border:1px solid #996" | {{convert|14,955|m|yd|order=flip|abbr=on}} |- style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:1px solid #996; background-color:#ddb;" | colspan="7" | Chemical, nuclear and illumination shells |- style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;" | style="border:1px solid #996; text-align:left" | Chemical | style="border:1px solid #996" | CNS M110 Shell | style="border:1px solid #996" | {{convert|44.05|kg|lb|order=flip|abbr=on|sigfig=1}} | style="border:1px solid #996" | Chloroacetophenone (CN) | style="border:1px solid #996" | {{convert|6.26|kg|lb|2|order=flip|abbr=on}} | style="border:1px solid #996" | | style="border:1px solid #996" | |- style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;" | style="border:1px solid #996; text-align:left" | Chemical | style="border:1px solid #996" | H M110 Shell | style="border:1px solid #996" | {{convert|43.09|kg|lb|order=flip|abbr=on|sigfig=1}} | style="border:1px solid #996" | Mustard gas | style="border:1px solid #996" | {{convert|5.02|kg|lb|2|order=flip|abbr=on}} | style="border:1px solid #996" | {{convert|564|m/s|ft/s|order=flip|abbr=on}} | style="border:1px solid #996" | {{convert|14,972|m|yd|order=flip|abbr=on}} |- style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;" | style="border:1px solid #996; text-align:left" | Nuclear | style="border:1px solid #996" | W48 Shell | style="border:1px solid #996" | {{convert|54|kg|lb|order=flip|abbr=on|sigfig=1}} | style="border:1px solid #996" | Nuclear | style="border:1px solid #996" | {{convert|100|tTNT|GJ|abbr=on}} equivalent | style="border:1px solid #996" | {{convert|564|m/s|ft/s|order=flip|abbr=on}} | style="border:1px solid #996" | {{convert|14,972|m|yd|order=flip|abbr=on}} |- style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;" | style="border:1px solid #996; text-align:left" | Illumination | style="border:1px solid #996" | {{abbr|Illumin.|Illuminating}} M118 Shell | style="border:1px solid #996" | {{convert|46.77|kg|lb|order=flip|abbr=on|sigfig=1}} | style="border:1px solid #996" | Illuminant candles | style="border:1px solid #996" | {{convert|4.02|kg|lb|2|order=flip|abbr=on}} | style="border:1px solid #996" | | style="border:1px solid #996" | |- style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:1px solid #996; background-color:#ddb;" | colspan="7" | Drill (training) shells |- style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;" | style="border:1px solid #996; text-align:left" | Drill | style="border:1px solid #996" | Dummy Mk I Projectile | style="border:1px solid #996" | | style="border:1px solid #996" | | style="border:1px solid #996" | | style="border:1px solid #996" | | style="border:1px solid #996" | |- style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;" | style="border:1px solid #996; text-align:left" | Drill | style="border:1px solid #996" | Dummy M7 Projectile | style="border:1px solid #996" | {{convert|43.09|kg|lb|order=flip|abbr=on|sigfig=1}} | style="border:1px solid #996" | | style="border:1px solid #996" | | style="border:1px solid #996" | | style="border:1px solid #996" | |}
:
{| border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 style="margin:0 0 .5em 1em; width:60%; background:#fff; border-collapse:collapse; border:1px solid #996; line-height:1.5; font-size:95%;" |- style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:1px solid #996; background-color:#996; color:#fff" | colspan="5" | '''Concrete penetration, mm'''<ref name=HUNNICUTT-STUART-502/> |- style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:1px solid #996;" | width="44%" style="border:1px solid #996" | '''Ammunition \ Distance''' | width="14%" style="border:1px solid #996" | {{convert|0|m|yd|order=flip|abbr=on}} | width="14%" style="border:1px solid #996" | {{convert|914|m|yd|order=flip|abbr=on}} | width="14%" style="border:1px solid #996" | {{convert|2743|m|yd|order=flip|abbr=on}} | width="14%" style="border:1px solid #996" | {{convert|4572|m|yd|order=flip|abbr=on}} |- style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;" | style="border:1px solid #996; text-align:left" | HE M107 Shell (meet angle 0°) | style="border:1px solid #996" | {{convert|884|mm|ftin|order=flip|abbr=on|sigfig=1}} | style="border:1px solid #996" | {{convert|792|mm|ftin|order=flip|abbr=on|sigfig=1}} | style="border:1px solid #996" | {{convert|610|mm|ft|order=flip|abbr=on|sigfig=1}} | style="border:1px solid #996" | {{convert|488|mm|ftin|order=flip|abbr=on|sigfig=1}} |- style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;" | colspan="5" | Different methods of measurement were used in different countries / periods. Therefore, direct comparison is often impossible. |}
== Operators == thumb|upright=1.35|Operators {{legend|#0b60d4|Current}}{{legend|#dc0023|Former}}
===Current===
* {{ARG}} − 6 as of 2024, used by the Marines{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=410}} * {{BRA}} − 81 used by the Army as of 2024{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=419}} * {{CYP}} − 12<ref>{{Cite web |title=Εξοπλισμός Εθνικής Φρουράς (Κύπρος) |url=https://www.ellinikos-stratos.com/stratos/cyprus |access-date=2025-01-03 |website=www.ellinikos-stratos.com}}</ref> * {{ECU}} − 12 as of 2024{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=431}} * {{GRE}} − 230 as of 2024{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=100}} * {{IRN}} − 70 as of 2024,{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=353}} some were upgraded to the HM-41 standard{{sfn|Foss|2011|page=1017}} * {{JOR}} − 18 as of 2024{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=364}} * {{LAO}} − 12 as of 2024{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=290}} * {{MOR}} − 20 as of 2024{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=374}} * {{PAK}} − 144 as of 2024{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=302}} * {{PER}} − 36 as of 2024{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=447}} * {{PHL}} − 10 M114 and Soltam M-68 as of 2024{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=307}} * {{POR}} − 24 M114A1 as of 2024{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=128}} * {{SAU}} − 50 as of 2024{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=382}} * {{SDN}}{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=521}} * {{TWN}} − 250 as of 2024,{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=315}} produced under license as the T-65<ref name="SIPRI" /> * {{TUN}} − 12 M114A1 as of 2024{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=389}} * {{TUR}} − 517 M114A1/A2 as of 2024{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=148}} * {{URY}} − 8 M114A1 as of 2024{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=452}} * {{UKR}} − In March 2024, it was reported that Greece was negotiating with the Czech Republic a possible transfer of 70 ex-Hellenic Army M114A1s to Ukraine<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zoria |first=Yuri |date=2024-03-15 |title=Greece negotiates deal with Czechia for ammunition transfer to Ukraine |url=https://euromaidanpress.com/2024/03/15/greece-negotiates-deal-with-czechia-for-ammunition-transfer-to-ukraine/ |access-date=2024-03-15 |website=Euromaidan Press |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://militarnyi.com/en/news/ukrainian-defense-forces-equipped-with-american-m114-howitzers-from-world-war-ii/|title=Ukrainian Defense Forces Equipped with American M114 Howitzers from World War II|website=Militarnyi|accessdate=2026-04-19|language=}}</ref> ** Kastuś Kalinoŭski Regiment<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://militarnyi.com/en/news/belarusian-volunteers-wwii-m114-howitzers/|title=Belarusian Volunteers Armed With WWII-Era M114 Howitzers|website=Militarnyi|accessdate=2026-04-19|language=}}</ref> * {{VEN}} − 12 M114A1 as of 2024{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=454}} * {{VIE}}{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=324}}
===Former=== * {{AUT}} − 24<ref name="SIPRI" /> * {{BIH}} − 119 M114A2{{sfn|Foss|2011|page=1017}} * {{BRA}} - phased out in the Brazilian Marine Corps by 2025<ref>{{Cite magazine|last=Moralez|first=João Paulo|last2=Braga|first2=Carlos Chagas Vianna|year=2025|title=O Corpo de Fuzileiros Navais da Marinha do Brasil|magazine=Tecnologia & Defesa|issue=178}} p. 58.</ref> * {{CAM}} − 10<ref name="SIPRI" /> * {{CAN}} − 57<ref name="SIPRI" /> * {{CRO}} − M65{{sfn|Department of Defense|1995|page=13−7}} * {{flag|Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia}} − M65{{sfn|Department of Defense|1995|page=13−7}} * {{flaglist|Denmark}}<ref name="Wiener 1987">{{cite book|title=The armies of the NATO nations: Organization, concept of war, weapons and equipment|series=Truppendienst Handbooks Volume 3|year= 1987|first=Friedrich |last=Wiener |pages=494–495|publisher=Herold Publishers|location=Vienna}}</ref> − 96 M114/39{{sfn|Foss|2011|page=1016}} * {{flag|Ethiopian Empire}} − 12<ref name="SIPRI">{{cite web |title=Arms transfer database |url=https://armstransfers.sipri.org/ArmsTransfer/TransferRegister |website=SIPRI |publisher=Stockholm International Peace Research Institute |access-date=2 November 2024}}</ref> * {{FRG}} − 100<ref name="SIPRI" /> * {{flag|Imperial State of Iran}} − 100<ref name="SIPRI" /> * {{flaglist|Israel}} − 50{{sfn|Foss|2011|page=1017}} * {{flag|Italy}}<ref name="Wiener 1987"/> * {{flag|Japan}} − 220 total, a small number were produced domestically as Type 58. All retired.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://rightwing.sakura.ne.jp/equipment/jgsdf/firearms/155howitzer-m1/155howitzer-m1.html |title=155 mm Howitzer M1 |access-date=2023-10-18 |work= Gallery Rightwing}}</ref> * {{KOR}} − First received in September 1951, 294 M1 howitzers were in service by the end of the Korean War. Also produced reverse engineered version of M114A1 as KM114A1 between the late 1970s to early 1980s.<ref name="Korean War : Weapons of the United Nations"/><ref name="KFN"/> * {{LBN}} − 18{{sfn|Foss|2011|page=1017}} * {{flag|Libya|1977}} − 20<ref name="SIPRI" /> * {{MNE}} − M114A1 and M65{{sfn|Foss|2011|page=1017}} * {{flaglist|Norway}}<ref name="Wiener 1987"/> − 48 M114/39{{sfn|Foss|2011|page=1016}} * {{flag|Netherlands}}<ref name="Wiener 1987"/> − at least 144 M114A1 of which 82 were modernized to M114/39{{sfn|Foss|2011|page=1016}} * {{flagicon|Republika Srpska}} Republika Srpska − M65{{sfn|Department of Defense|1995|page=13−7}} * {{SRB}} − M114A1 and M65{{sfn|Foss|2011|page=1017}} * {{flagicon image|State Flag of Serbian Krajina (1991).svg}} Serbian Krajina− M65{{sfn|Department of Defense|1995|page=13−7}} * {{SIN}} − 16<ref name="SIPRI" /> * {{SOM}} − 6{{sfn|Foss|2011|page=1017}} * {{flag|Spain}}<ref name="Wiener 1987"/> − 52{{sfn|Foss|2011|page=1017}} * {{THA}} − 48 in storage as of 2024{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=319}} * {{flag|United States}}<ref name="Wiener 1987"/> * {{flag|South Vietnam}} − 100<ref name="SIPRI" /> * {{flag|North Yemen}} − 12<ref name="SIPRI" /> * {{YEM}} − 12{{sfn|Foss|2011|page=1017}} * {{flag|FR Yugoslavia}} − M114A1 and M65{{sfn|Foss|1994|page=654}} * {{YUG}}<ref name="SIPRI" /> − M114A1 and M65 used.{{sfn|Foss|1994|page=654}} Passed on to successor states{{sfn|Foss|2011|page=1017}}
==See also== * List of U.S. Army weapons by supply catalog designation (SNL C-39) * {{lwc|M777 howitzer}} ===List of comparable weapons=== * {{lwc|BL 5.5-inch medium gun}} * {{lwc|152 mm howitzer M1938 (M-10)}} * {{lwc|152 mm howitzer M1943 (D-1)}} * {{lwc|15 cm sFH 18}} * {{lwc|Skoda K series}} ===List of compatible shells=== * {{lwc|M549}} * {{lwc|M864}} * {{lwc|M795}} * {{lwc|W48}}
==References== {{Reflist}} ===Bibliography=== {{Refbegin}} * {{cite book |title=Bosnia Country Handbook: Peace Implementation Force (IFOR). |date=1995 |publisher=Department of Defense |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lTVcRqIbY6EC |access-date=1 May 2024 |language=en |ref={{SfnRef|Department of Defense|1995}}}} *{{cite book |editor1-last=Foss |editor1-first=Christopher F |editor1-link=Christopher F Foss |title=Jane's Armour and Artillery: 1994-95 |date=1994 |edition=15th |publisher=Jane's Information Group |isbn=978-0-7106-1154-3 |page=654 |language=en}} *{{cite book |editor1-last=Foss |editor1-first=Christopher F |title=Jane's Armour and Artillery 2011-2012 |date=2011 |publisher=Jane's Information Group |isbn=978-0-7106-2960-9 |edition=32nd |url=https://archive.org/details/janesarmourartil0000unse |language=en}} * {{Cite book|last=Hogg|first=Ian V.|author-link=Ian V. Hogg|title=Allied Artillery of World War Two|publisher=Crowood Press, Ramsbury |year=1998|isbn=1-86126-165-9}} * {{Cite book|last=Hunnicutt|first=R. P.|title=Stuart: A History of the American Light Tank|publisher=Presidio Press|year=1992|isbn=0-89141-462-2}} * {{cite book |last1=International Institute for Strategic Studies |title=The Military Balance 2024 |date=2024 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-1-040-05115-3 |language=en |ref={{SfnRef|IISS|2024}}}} * {{Cite book|title=Technical Manual TM 9-1331B, 155mm Howitzer M1 and Mount M14|publisher=War Department, 1953}} {{Refend}}
==External links== {{commons}} * [https://fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/land/m114.htm The M114 155mm howitzer] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vkyR4bgYeU4 M114 ] * {{Internet Archive short film|id=gov.dod.dimoc.26979|name=STAFF FILM REPORT 66-27A (1966)}}
{{WWIIUSGuns}} {{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:M114 155 Mm Howitzer}} Category:155 mm artillery Category:Cold War artillery of the United States Category:World War II artillery of the United States Category:World War II howitzers Category:Weapons and ammunition introduced in 1942 Category:Artillery of the United States