Luria lurida

{{Short description|Species of gastropod}} {{Speciesbox | image = Cypraeidae - Luria lurida - Sicily.JPG | image_caption = | genus = Luria | species = lurida | authority = (Linnaeus, 1758) | synonyms_ref = <ref name="WoRMS" /> | synonyms = See list }}

'''''Luria lurida''''' is a species of sea snail, a cowry, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Cypraeidae, the cowries.<ref name="WoRMS">{{WRMS species|139499|''Luria lurida'' (Linnaeus, 1758)|||Gofas, S. (2009). Luria lurida (Linnaeus, 1758). In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through the World Register of Marine Species at <nowiki>http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=139499</nowiki> on 17 October 2010}}</ref>

==Description== The shells of ''Luria lurida'' reach on average {{convert|40|-|48|mm}}of length, with a minimum size of {{convert|14|mm}} and a maximum size of {{convert|66|mm}}. The dorsum surface of these elongated, smooth and shiny shells is mainly pale brown or reddish, with three transversal darker bands alternating with narrower clearer bands. At the extremities of the shell there are two separate dark brown spots. The aperture is wide, with several teeth. In the living cowries the mantle is dark brown and may cover the entire shell. The male is usually smaller and elongated than the female. {| ||[[File:Cypraeidae - Luria lurida - Sicily.JPG|thumb|200px|left|A shell of ''Luria lurida'' from Sicily, lateral view, anterior end towards the right]] ||[[File:Cypraeidae - Luria lurida - Sicily-2.JPG|thumb|200px|left|Dorsal view of a shell of ''Luria lurida'' from Sicily, dorsal view, anterior end towards the right]] |}

==Distribution== This common species is distributed in the Mediterranean Sea and in the Atlantic Ocean along Macaronesia and West Africa, mainly in Senegal and Angola.

==Habitat== As they fear the light, during the day usually they hide themselves in small caves, crevices or under rocks up to about {{convert|40|m}} of depth. They live on rocky seabed and corals, feeding during the night mainly on sponges of ''Verongia aerophoba'', ''Aiplysina aerophoba'', ''Chondrilla nucula'' and ''Tethya aurantium''.

==Subspecies== Three subspecies have been recognized :<ref name="WoRMS" /> * ''Luria lurida lurida'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Luria lurida minima'' (Dunker, 1853) (taxon inquirendum) * ''Luria lurida oceanica'' (Schilder, 1930) * ''Luria lurida pulchroides'' Alvardo & Alvarez, 1964 (taxon inquirendum)

==Synonyms== * ''Cypraea amethistina'' Costa O.G., 1830 * ''Cypraea aurora'' Monterosato, 1897 * ''Cypraea kunthii'' Audouin, 1826 * ''Cypraea leucogaster'' Gmelin, 1791 * ''Cypraea lurida'' Linnaeus, 1758 (original combination) * ''Cypraea lurida congiunta'' Settepassi, 1977 (not available, published in a work which does not consistently use binomial nomenclature (ICZN art. 11.4)) * ''Cypraea lurida elongata'' Settepassi, 1977 (not available, published in a work which does not consistently use binomial nomenclature (ICZN art. 11.4)) * ''Cypraea lurida immaculata'' Settepassi, 1977 (not available, published in a work which does not consistently use binomial nomenclature (ICZN art. 11.4)) * ''Cypraea lurida oceanica'' Schilder, 1930 * ''Cypraea lurida var. albida'' Costa O.G., 1829 * ''Cypraea lurida var. brunnea'' Monterosato, 1897 * ''Cypraea lurida var. caerulescens'' Mollerat, 1890 * ''Cypraea lurida var. cinerea'' Monterosato, 1897 * ''Cypraea lurida var. concolor'' Kobelt, 1906 * ''Cypraea lurida var. curta'' Mollerat, 1890 * ''Cypraea lurida var. cylindrica'' Mollerat, 1890 * ''Cypraea lurida var. fasciata'' Monterosato, 1897 * ''Cypraea lurida var. fulva'' Mollerat, 1890 * ''Cypraea lurida var. major'' Pallary, 1900 * ''Cypraea lurida var. maxima'' Monterosato, 1897 * ''Cypraea lurida var. media'' Monterosato, 1897 * ''Cypraea lurida var. minima'' Dunker, 1853 * ''Cypraea lurida var. monochroa'' Mollerat, 1890 * ''Cypraea lurida var. monstrosa'' Gray J.E., 1828 * ''Cypraea lurida var. nebulosa'' Monterosato, 1897 * ''Cypraea lurida var. normalis'' Monterosato, 1897 * ''Cypraea lurida var. pubescens'' Monterosato, 1897 * ''Cypraea lurida var. rufescens'' Costa O.G., 1829 * ''Cypraea lurida var. rufofulva'' Kobelt, 1906 * ''Cypraea lurida var. turdicula'' Monterosato, 1897 * ''Cypraea lurida var. ventricosa'' Mollerat, 1890 * ''Cypraea lurida var. virescens'' Costa O.G., 1829 * ''Cypraea lurida var. zonata'' Mollerat, 1890 * ''Luria lurida lurida'' (Linnaeus, 1758)· accepted, alternate representation * ''Luria lurida var. badia'' Coen, 1949 * ''Luria lurida var. incrassata'' Coen, 1933 * ''Luria lurida var. liburnica'' Coen, 1933 * ''Luria lurida var. obstructa'' Coen, 1933 * ''Luria lurida var. onycina'' Coen, 1933 * ''Lurida lurida'' (Linnaeus, 1758) (misspelling) * ''Voluta pumilio'' Brusina, 1865

{| ||[[File:Luria lurida pulchroides 600x600.jpg|thumb|150px|left|Lateral view of a shell of ''Luria lurida pulchroides'', anterior end to the right]] ||[[File:Luria lurida lurida 600x600.jpg|thumb|150px|left|Lateral view of a shell of ''Luria lurida lurida'', anterior end to the right]] |}

==References== {{Reflist}} {{refbegin}} * {{cite book |last=Audouin |first=V. |title=Description de l'Egypte ou recueil des observations et des recherches qui ont été faites en Egypte pendant l'expédition de l'armée française, publié par les ordres de sa majesté l'empereur Napoléon le grand |publisher=Imprimerie impériale |year=1826 |series=Histoire Naturelle, Animaux invertébrés |volume=1(4) |location=Paris |pages=7–56 |language=fr |chapter=Explication sommaire des planches de Mollusques de l'Egypte et de la Syrie publiées par J.C. Savigny. |chapter-url=https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/jomard1809bd5_1_1/0548}} * {{cite journal |last=Brusina |first=S. |year=1865 |title=Conchiglie dalmate inedite |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/16400444 |journal=Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-königlichen Zoologisch-botanisch Gesellschaft in Wien |language=de |volume=15 |pages=3–42}} * {{cite journal |last=Coen |first=G. |year=1933 |title=Saggio di una Sylloge Molluscorum Adriaticorum |journal=Memorie del Regio Comitato Talassografico Italiano |language=it |volume=192 |pages=i-vii, 1-186}} * {{cite journal |last=Coen |first=G. |year=1949 |title=Nota su alcune forme nuove di Cypreacea |journal=Hist. Natur |language=it |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=13–18}} * {{cite journal |last=Costa |first=O. G. |year=1830 |title=Catalogo sistematico e ragionato de' testacei delle Due Sicilie |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/ia/catalogosistemat00cost |journal=Tipografia della Minerva, Napoli. |language=it |pages=1–8, i-cxxxii, pl. 1-3 |orig-year=1829}} * {{cite journal |last=Doneddu |first=M. |year=1999 |title=Some notes about range, habitat and ecology of the Mediterranean species of Cypraeidae |journal=The Festivus |location=San Diego |volume=31 |issue=8 |pages=87–91}} * {{cite book |last=Gmelin |first=J.F. |title=Caroli a Linnaei Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae Ed. 13. Tome 1(6) |publisher=G.E. Beer |year=1791 |editor=Gmelin J.F. |location=Lipsiae [Leipzig] |pages=3021–3910 |language=latin |chapter=Vermes |chapter-url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/83098#5}} * {{cite book |last1=Gofas |first1=S. |title=European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification |last2=Le Renard |first2=J. |last3=Bouchet |first3=P. |year=2001 |isbn=2-85653-538-0 |editor1=Costello, M.J. |series=Collection Patrimoines Naturels |volume=50 |pages=180–213 |chapter=Mollusca |issn=1158-422X |editor2=Emblow, C. |editor3=White, R.J. |chapter-url=http://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/ocrd/254404.pdf}} * {{cite book |last=Linnaeus |first=C. |url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/726886 |title=Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis |publisher=Laurentius Salvius |year=1758 |edition=Editio decima, reformata [10th revised] |volume=1 |language=latin}} * {{cite journal |last=Monterosato |first=T. A. (di) |year=1897 |title=Sur les Cypraea de la Méditerranée |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15920208 |journal=Journal de Conchyliologie |language=fr |publisher=P.-H. Fischer |volume=45 |issue=3 |pages=153-165, Tab VI |issn=0021-7719}} * {{cite journal |last=Pallary |first=P. |year=1900 |title=Coquilles marines du littoral du département d'Oran |url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/25146965 |journal=Journal de Conchyliologie |language=fr |volume=48 |issue=3 |pages=211–422}} * {{cite journal |last=Prats Pi |first=L. |year=2002 |title=Gastròpodes marins de la cala de Binissafúller, Menorca (Illes Balears) |url=http://www.molluscat.com/SPIRA/PDF/VOL1/SPIRA_1(2)_009_Prats_2002.pdf |url-status=usurped |journal=Spira |language=es |volume=1 |issue=2 |pages=21–24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100911072017/http://www.molluscat.com/SPIRA/PDF/VOL1/SPIRA_1(2)_009_Prats_2002.pdf |archive-date=2010-09-11}} [as Lurida lurida (Linnaeus, 1758)] * {{cite book |last1=Repetto |first1=G. |title=Conchiglie del Mediterraneo: 1770 specie illustrate con distribuzione e frequenza |last2=Orlando |first2=F. |last3=Arduino |first3=G. |publisher=Amici del Museo "Federico Eusebio" |year=2005 |location=Alba, Italy |language=it}} [as Luria lurida (Linné, 1758)] * {{cite book |last=Rolán |first=E. |title=Malacological Fauna From The Cape Verde Archipelago |year=2005 |chapter=Part 1, Polyplacophora and Gastropoda}} * {{cite book |last=Settepassi |first=F. |title=Atlante malacologico : molluschi marini viventi nel Mediterraneo |publisher=Museo di Zoologia |year=1977 |volume=II |location=Roma |language=it}}

==External links== {{Commons category|Luria lurida}} * [https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id24526/ Biolib] * [http://www.seashell-collector.com/articles/2005/lurida/lurida.htm Sea-shell] * [http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/cowries/lurida.htm Flmnh] * {{Gastropods.com|key=2|id=4372|title=''Luria lurida pulchroides''|access-date=16 January 2019}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Luria Lurida}} Category:Cypraeidae Category:Gastropods described in 1758 Category:Animal taxa named by Carl Linnaeus Category:Molluscs of the Atlantic Ocean Category:Molluscs of the Mediterranean Sea Category:Long stubs with short prose {{Cypraeidae-stub}}