{{Short description|Queen of Portugal from 1640 to 1656}} {{Expand Portuguese|topic=bio|Luísa de Gusmão|date=August 2021}} {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}} {{Infobox royalty | consort = yes | succession = Queen consort of Portugal | image = Luisa Francisca de Guzmán y Medina Sidonia atribuible a Alonso Cano – crop.jpg | caption = Portrait attributed to Alonso Cano, 1632 | reign = 1 December 1640 – 6 November 1656 | succession1 = Queen Regent of Portugal {{labeldata|Regency|6 November 1656 – 22 June 1662}} {{labeldata|Monarch|Afonso VI}} | birth_date = {{Birth date|1613|10|13|df= y}} | birth_place = Huelva,<ref>{{cite book |last1=CARRASCO TERRIZA |first1=MANUEL JESÚS |title=La Iglesia Mayor de San Pedro de Huelva. Historia de su fábrica. |date=2007 |publisher=Diputación de Huelva |location=Huelva |isbn=978-84-8163-436-5}}</ref> Spain | death_date = {{Death date and age|1666|2|27|1613|10|13|df= y}} | death_place = Lisbon, Portugal | burial_date = | burial_place= Pantheon of the Braganzas | spouse = {{marriage|João IV of Portugal|1633|6 November 1656|end=d.}} | issue = {{ubl | Teodósio, Prince of Brazil | Joana, Princess of Beira | Catarina, Queen of England, Scotland, and Ireland | Afonso VI, King of Portugal | Pedro II, King of Portugal }} | house = Medina Sidonia | father = Manuel, 8th Duke of Medina Sidonia | mother = Juana de Sandoval y la Cerda | signature = Assinatura D. Luísa de Gusmão.svg | full name = Luisa María Francisca de Guzmán y Sandoval }} '''Luisa María Francisca de Guzmán y Sandoval''' ({{langx|pt|Luísa Maria Francisca de Gusmão}};<ref name="arq">{{Citation | contribution = Luísa Gusmão | publisher = Arq net | language = pt | title = Dicionário |trans-title=Dictionary | contribution-url = http://www.arqnet.pt/dicionario/luisagusmao.html}}.</ref> 13 October 1613 – 27 February 1666) was a Spanish noblewoman who became Queen of Portugal as the wife of King John IV, the first Braganza ruler. She was the mother of two kings of Portugal (Afonso VI and Peter II) and a queen of England (Catherine of Braganza).{{sfn|Livermore|1969|p=173}} She served as regent of Portugal from 1656 until 1662.{{sfn|Ames|p=18|2000}}
==Biography== ===Early life=== Luisa was Spanish by birth, the daughter of Manuel Pérez de Guzmán y Silva, 8th Duke of Medina Sidonia, and Juana Gómez de Sandoval y de la Cerda.<ref name="arq"</> Her paternal grandfather was Alonso Pérez de Guzmán y Sotomayor, 7th Duke of Medina Sidonia, while her paternal great-grandmother was Ana de Mendoza y de Silva, Princess of Éboli. Through her mother, she was also a descendant of Isabel, Lady of Viseu, the illegitimate daughter of King Ferdinand I.
She married a high ranking Portuguese noble, John, 8th Duke of Braganza, in 1633, during the period of the Iberian Union.{{sfn|Stephens|1891|p=304}}{{sfn|McMurdo|1889|p=363}}
===Restoration War=== Despite her Spanish roots, Luisa guided her husband's policies during the Portuguese revolution against Habsburg Spain of 1640.{{sfn|Stephens|1891|p=305}} She is considered the main influence{{sfn|Livermore|1969|p=173}}{{sfn|McMurdo|1889|p=363}} behind his acceptance of the Portuguese throne.{{sfn|Stephens|1891|p=306}}{{sfn|McMurdo|1889|p=367}}
===Regency=== thumb|right| ''Luisa de Guzmán, Queen Consort of Portugal''; José de Avelar Rebelo In 1656, she was named Regent of the Kingdom after her husband's death and during the minority of her son Afonso VI.{{sfn|McMurdo|1889|p=408}}{{sfn|Dyer|1877|p=340}}
Luisa was politically astute{{sfn|Davidson|1908|p=14}} and mainly responsible for the diplomatic success of the new alliance with England.{{sfn|Dyer|1877|p=341}}{{sfn|Ames|p=29|2000}} Her daughter Catherine married Charles II of England.{{sfn|Davidson|1908|p=96}}
Afonso was considered mentally unfit for governing.{{sfn|Marques|1976|p=331}} In addition to lacking intellect, he exhibited wild and disruptive behavior.{{sfn|McMurdo|1889|p=408}}{{sfn|Livermore|1969|p=185}} In 1662, after the king terrorized Lisbon at night alongside his favorites,{{sfn|McMurdo|1889|p=414}}{{sfn|Livermore|1969|p=189}} Luisa and her council responded by banishing some of the king's companions that were associated with the raids.{{sfn|Livermore|1969|p=189}} Angered, Afonso took power with the help of Castelo-Melhor and Luisa's regency came to an end.{{sfn|Marques|1976|p=332}}{{sfn|Stephens|1891|p=331}} She subsequently retired to a convent,{{sfn|McMurdo|1889|page=417}}<ref name="arq"/> where she died in 1666.{{sfn|Ames|p=30|2000}}
==Issue== right|thumb|150px|Arms of Luísa de Guzmán, Queen of Portugal # Infante Teodósio, Prince of Brazil (8 February 1634 – 13 May 1653) died unmarried. # Ana of Braganza (21 January 1635) died at birth. # Infanta Joana, Princess of Beira (18 September 1635 – 17 November 1653) died unmarried. # Catherine of Braganza (25 November 1638 – 31 December 1705) married Charles II of England and had no surviving issue. # Manuel of Portugal (6 September 1640) died at birth. # Afonso VI of Portugal (21 August 1643 – 12 September 1683) married Maria Francisca of Savoy. # Pedro II of Portugal (26 April 1648 – 9 December 1706) married firstly Maria Francisca of Savoy, had issue; married secondly Maria Sophia of Neuburg, had issue.
==Ancestry== {{ahnentafel |collapsed=yes |align=center |boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc; |boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9; |boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc; |boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc; |boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe; |1= 1. '''Luisa de Guzmán''' |2= 2. Manuel, 8th Duke of Medina Sidonia |3= 3. Juana de Sandoval y la Cerda |4= 4. Alonso, 7th Duke of Medina Sidonia |5= 5. Ana de Silva y Mendoza |6= 6. Francisco, 1st Duke of Lerma |7= 7. Catalina de la Cerda y Portugal |8= 8. Juan Carlos, 9th Count of Niebla |9= 9. Leonor de Sotomayor y Zúniga |10= 10. Ruy, 1st Prince of Éboli |11= 11. Ana, 2nd Princess of Mélito |12= 12. Francisco, 4th Marquis of Denia |13= 13. Isabel de Borja y Castro |14= 14. Juan, 4th Duke of Medinaceli |15= 15. Joana de Noronha }}
== References == {{reflist}}
== Sources == * {{cite book |last1=Ames |first1=Glenn Joseph |author-link=Glenn J. Ames|title=Renascent Empire?: The House of Braganza and the Quest for Stability in Portuguese Monsoon Asia, ca. 1640–1683 |date=2000 |url=https://archive.org/details/renascentempireh0000ames|publisher=Amsterdam University Press |location=Amsterdam |isbn=9053563822}} * {{cite book |last1=Davidson |first1=Lillias Campbell |title=Catherine of Bragança, infanta of Portugal, & queen-consort of England |author-link=Lillias Campbell Davidson|date=1908|url=https://archive.org/details/catherineofbraga00davirich/page/8/mode/2up?}} * {{cite book |last1=Dyer |first1=Thomas Henry |title=Modern Europe Vol III |author-link=Thomas Henry Dyer|date=1877 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.110000/page/n5/mode/2up?}} * {{cite book |last=Livermore |first=H.V. |year=1969 |title=A New History of Portugal |url=https://archive.org/details/newhistoryofport0000unse_y9g3/page/n9/mode/2up |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9780521095716}} * {{cite book |last1=Marques |first1=Antonio Henrique R. de Oliveira |title=History of Portugal |date=1976 |isbn=978-0-231-08353-9 |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofportuga1976marq/page/n309/mode/2up?}} * {{cite book |last1=McMurdo |first1=Edward |title=The history of Portugal, from the Commencement of the Monarchy to the Reign of Alfonso III |date=1889 |publisher=Sampson Low, Marston, Searle, & Rivington|location=London |url=https://archive.org/details/historyportugal05mcmugoog/page/n10/mode/2up? |access-date=25 October 2023}} * {{cite book |last1=Stephens |first1=H. Morse |title=The Story of Portugal |author-link=Henry Morse Stephens|date=1891 |publisher=G. P. Putnam's Sons |location=New York |url=https://archive.org/details/storyofportugal00step/page/n7/mode/2up? |access-date=25 October 2023}}
== External links == {{commons category|Luisa de Guzman}} {{s-start}} {{s-hou|House of Medina Sidonia|13 October|1613|27 February|1666}} {{s-roy|pt}} {{s-bef|before=Elisabeth of France}} {{s-ttl|title=Queen consort of Portugal |years=1640–1656}} {{s-vac|next=Maria Francisca Isabel of Savoy}} {{s-end}}
{{Portuguese consorts}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Guzman, Luisa de}} Category:1613 births Category:1666 deaths Category:People from Sanlúcar de Barrameda Category:Queens consort of Portugal Category:17th-century Portuguese people Category:17th-century women regents Category:Burials at the Monastery of São Vicente de Fora Category:House of Medina Sidonia Category:House of Braganza Category:Regents of Portugal Luisa Category:Portuguese queen mothers Category:Royal reburials Category:17th-century regents