Lucknow Brigade

{{About||another First World War formation|8th (Lucknow) Cavalry Brigade|the Second World War formation|22nd Indian Infantry Brigade}} {{Use British English|date=July 2015}} {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2026}} {{Infobox military unit | unit_name = Lucknow Brigade<br />22nd (Lucknow) Brigade | image = | alt = | caption = | dates = June 1907 – January 1916<br />July 1917 – December 1941 | country = {{flag|British India|23px}} | allegiance = British Crown | branch = {{army|British India|23px}} | type = Infantry | role = | size = Brigade | command_structure = 8th (Lucknow) Division<br />Indian Expeditionary Force E<br />11th Indian Division | garrison = Lucknow | garrison_label = | nickname = | patron = | motto = | march = | mascot = | anniversaries = | equipment = | equipment_label = | battles = First World War :Sinai and Palestine Campaign ::Actions on the Suez Canal | decorations = | battle_honours = | battle_honours_label = | disbanded = | notable_commanders = Maj.-Gen. A. Wilson | identification_symbol = | identification_symbol_label = }}

The '''Lucknow Brigade''' was an infantry brigade of the British Indian Army formed in 1907 as a result of the Kitchener Reforms. It was mobilized as '''22nd (Lucknow) Brigade''' at the outbreak of the First World War as part of Indian Expeditionary Force E. It served in Egypt in 1915 before being broken up in January 1916.

The brigade was reformed in India in 1917 for internal security duties and to aid the expansion of the Indian Army in the last year of the war. It remained part of the British Indian Army between the wars under several designations and was the '''6th (Lucknow) Infantry Brigade''' in September 1939.

==History== The Kitchener Reforms, carried out during Lord Kitchener's tenure as Commander-in-Chief, India (1902–09), completed the unification of the three former Presidency armies, the Punjab Frontier Force, the Hyderabad Contingent and other local forces into one Indian Army. Kitchener identified the Indian Army's main task as the defence of the North-West Frontier against foreign aggression (particularly Russian expansion into Afghanistan) with internal security relegated to a secondary role. The Army was organized into divisions and brigades that would act as field formations but also included internal security troops.<ref name=Haythornthwaite244>{{harvnb|Haythornthwaite|1996|p=244}}</ref>

The '''Lucknow Brigade''' was formed in June 1907{{efn|name=Formed|1 June 1907 was the appointment date of the first commanding officer of the brigade.<ref name=Hart1908>{{cite web | url = https://archive.org/stream/hartsannualarmy1908hart#page/98/mode/2up | title = Hart's Annual Army List for 1908 | author = The late Lieutenant General H.G. Hart | authorlink = Henry George Hart | publisher = John Murray | location = London | access-date=3 July 2015 }}</ref>}} as a result of the Kitchener Reforms. The brigade formed part of the 8th (Lucknow) Division.<ref name=Hart1908/>

;{{anchor|22nd}}22nd (Lucknow) Brigade In October 1914, the brigade was mobilized as the '''22nd (Lucknow) Brigade'''<ref name=Perry100>{{harvnb|Perry|1993|p=100}}</ref> and was sent to Egypt as the core of Indian Expeditionary Force E.<ref name=Perry172>{{harvnb|Perry|1993|p=172}}</ref> The brigade joined the 11th Indian Division when it was formed in Egypt on 24 December and served on the Suez Canal Defences. After the defeat of the Turkish attempts to cross the canal on 3–4 February 1915, the division acted as a relieving depot for the divisions in France.{{efn|The infantry divisions in France were the 3rd (Lahore)<ref name=Perry53>{{harvnb|Perry|1993|p=53}}</ref> and 7th (Meerut).<ref name=Perry89>{{harvnb|Perry|1993|p=89}}</ref>}} It was broken up on 31 May 1915 and the brigade came under direct command of the Suez Canal Defences.<ref name=Perry122>{{harvnb|Perry|1993|p=122}}</ref> The brigade was broken up in January 1916.<ref name=Perry119>{{harvnb|Perry|1993|p=119}}</ref>

;{{anchor|Reformed}}Reformed brigade The '''Lucknow Brigade''' was reformed in 8th (Lucknow) Division in July 1917.<ref name=Perry100/> It remained with the division for the rest of the war, carrying out internal security duties. In the final year of the war, the division (and brigade) took part in the general expansion of the Indian Army as new units were formed.<ref name=Perry104>{{harvnb|Perry|1993|p=104}}</ref>

;Post-war The brigade remained part of the British Indian Army after the end of the war. It underwent a number of changes of designation between the World Wars: '''73rd Indian Infantry Brigade''' from May until September 1920, '''19th Indian Infantry Brigade''' from November 1920 and '''6th (Lucknow) Infantry Brigade''' from sometime in the 1920s.<ref name=Mackie368>{{harvnb|Mackie|2015|p=368}}</ref> For its subsequent history, see 6th (Lucknow) Infantry Brigade.<ref name=Kempton14>{{harvnb|Kempton|2003b|p=14}}</ref>

==Orders of battle== {| class="toccolours collapsible collapsed" style="width:100%; background:transparent;" !In India in August 1914 |- |At the outbreak of the First World War, the brigade had the following composition:<ref name=Perry102>{{harvnb|Perry|1993|p=102}}</ref> * 3rd Battalion, Royal Fusiliers (City of London Regiment) ''(left in October 1914 and joined 85th Brigade in the British 28th Division on 24 December 1914 in the United Kingdom)'' * 1st Battalion, King's Own Scottish Borderers * 17th Infantry (The Loyal Regiment) ''(left in September 1914 for Mauritius)'' * 128th Pioneers ''(left in October 1914 and joined 31st Indian Brigade in Egypt)'' * U Battery, Royal Horse Artillery ''(joined 8th (Lucknow) Cavalry Brigade in September 1914 and departed for the Western Front with 1st Indian Cavalry Division)''<ref name=Perry14>{{harvnb|Perry|1993|p=14}}</ref> * V Brigade, Royal Field Artillery – 63rd, 64th and 73rd Batteries ''(joined 7th (Meerut) Division in August 1914 and departed for the Western Front)''<ref name=Perry87>{{harvnb|Perry|1993|p=87}}</ref> |} {| class="toccolours collapsible collapsed" style="width:100%; background:transparent;" !Egypt |- |The brigade was extensively reorganized on mobilization. Its composition while it was in Egypt included:<ref name=Perry120>{{harvnb|Perry|1993|p=120}}</ref> * 1st Battalion, King's Own Scottish Borderers ''(left on 14 December 1914 and joined 87th Brigade in the British 29th Division in January 1915 in the United Kingdom)'' * 62nd Punjabis ''(joined in October 1914 from Allahabad Brigade, 8th (Lucknow) Division; transferred to 28th Indian Brigade, 10th Indian Division on 9 July 1915)'' * 92nd Punjabis ''(joined in October 1914 from Allahabad Brigade, 8th (Lucknow) Division; left for Mesopotamia in December 1915 where it joined 19th (Dehra Dun) Brigade, 7th (Meerut) Division)'' * 2nd Battalion, 10th Gurkha Rifles ''(joined in October 1914 from Presidency Brigade, 8th (Lucknow) Division; transferred to 29th Indian Brigade, 10th Indian Division in June 1915)'' * 3rd Brahmans ''(joined on 29 December 1914 from Jhansi Brigade, 5th (Mhow) Division; transferred to Mesopotamia in December 1915)'' * 125th Napier's Rifles ''(joined on 12 June 1915 from 21st (Bareilly) Brigade, 7th (Meerut) Division; transferred to 32nd Indian Brigade, 11th Indian Division on 19 September 1915)'' * 9th Bhopal Infantry ''(joined in June 1915 from 7th (Ferozepore) Brigade, 3rd (Lahore) Division; transferred to Mesopotamia in December 1915)'' * 1st Battalion, Patiala Infantry (I.S.) ''(joined on 16 September 1915 from 32nd Indian Brigade, 11th Indian Division; transferred in January 1916 to 31st Indian Brigade, 10th Indian Division)'' * 41st Dogras ''(joined on 16 September 1915 from 21st (Bareilly) Brigade, 7th (Meerut) Division; transferred to Mesopotamia in December 1915)'' |} {| class="toccolours collapsible collapsed" style="width:100%; background:transparent;" !Reformed brigade |- |The reformed brigade commanded the following units:<ref name=Perry102/> * 1/10th Battalion, Duke of Cambridge's Own (Middlesex Regiment) ''(at Lucknow and joined the brigade on formation)'' * 2nd Battalion, 97th Deccan Infantry ''(formed at Lucknow in June 1917 and to Allahabad Brigade in July; rejoined in March 1918 then departed on 18 May for Palestine where it joined 181st Brigade in the 60th (2/2nd London) Division on 28 June 1918)'' * 1st Garrison Battalion, Royal Irish Rifles ''(joined from Allahabad Brigade in October 1917)'' * 2nd Battalion, 1st Brahmans ''(formed in November 1917)'' * 2nd Battalion, 11th Rajputs ''(formed in January 1918; transferred in October to Loralai, 4th (Quetta) Division)'' * 1st Garrison Battalion, East Yorkshire Regiment ''(joined from Allahabad Brigade in March 1918)'' * 2nd Battalion, 8th Rajputs ''(formed in March 1918)'' * 2nd Battalion, 66th Punjabis ''(formed in October 1918)'' * 133rd Regiment ''(joined in December 1918 from Nasirabad Brigade, 5th (Mhow) Division)'' |}

==Commanders== The brigade had the following commanders during its existence:<ref name=Mackie368/> {| class="wikitable" ! From !! Rank !! Name !! Notes |- | 1 June 1907<ref name=Hart1908/> || Major-General || Sir J.R.L. Macdonald || |- | November 1908 || Brigadier-General || J.A. Bell || |- | 1910 || Major-General || H.B.B. Watkis || |- | 22 October 1911<ref name=Perry119/> || Major-General || A. Wilson || |- | 16 November 1914<ref name=Perry119/> || Brigadier-General || S. Geoghegan || |- | 21 December 1915<ref name=Perry119/>|| Brigadier-General || W.A. Watson || Brigade broken up in January 1916 |- | July 1917 || Major-General || E.S. May || Brigade re-formed |- | 26 November 1917<ref name=Perry100/> || Brigadier-General || O.C. Wolley-Dod || |- | 27 November 1918<ref name=Perry100/> || Brigadier-General || A.G. Pritchard || |- | January 1920 || Brigadier-General || H. de C. O'Grady || |- | December 1922 || Brigadier-General || J.H. Keith Stewart || |- | December 1923 || Brigadier-General || A.E. McNamara || |- | November 1926 || Brigadier || J. Kennedy || |- | June 1930 || Brigadier || O.H.L. Nicholson || |- | May 1933 || Brigadier || K.McG. Laird || |- | June 1935 || Brigadier || C. Hemsley || |- | February 1936 || Brigadier || H.R.C. Lane || |- | December 1936 || Brigadier || R.C. Money || |- | September 1939 || Brigadier || W.O. Lay || |}

==Notes== {{notelist}}

==References== {{reflist|2}}

==Bibliography== * {{cite book | last = Haythornthwaite | first = Philip J. | authorlink = Philip Haythornthwaite | year = 1996 | title = The World War One Source Book | publisher = Arms and Armour Press | location = London | isbn = 1-85409-351-7 }} * {{cite book | last = Kempton | first = Chris | year = 2003b | title = 'Loyalty & Honour', The Indian Army September 1939 – August 1947 | volume = Part II Brigades | publisher = The Military Press | location = Milton Keynes | isbn = 0-85420-238-2 }} * {{cite web |last=Mackie |first=Colin |date=June 2015 |title=Army Commands 1900-2011 |publisher=www.gulabin.com |url=http://www.gulabin.com/armynavy/pdf/Army%20Commands%201900-2011.pdf |access-date=1 July 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150705211343/http://www.gulabin.com/armynavy/pdf/Army%20Commands%201900-2011.pdf |archive-date=5 July 2015 }} * {{cite book | last = Perry | first = F.W. | year = 1993 | title = Order of Battle of Divisions Part 5B. Indian Army Divisions | publisher = Ray Westlake Military Books | location = Newport | isbn = 1-871167-23-X }}

==External links== * {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080517123918/http://www.warpath.orbat.com/indian_divs/8_ind_div.htm |date=17 May 2008 |title=8th (Lucknow) Division on ''The Regimental Warpath 1914 - 1918'' by PB Chappell }} * {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080517084957/http://www.warpath.orbat.com/indian_divs/11_ind_div.htm |date=17 May 2008 |title=11th Indian Division on ''The Regimental Warpath 1914 - 1918'' by PB Chappell }} * {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130509080005/http://www.orbat.com/site/history/historical/india/army1914.html |date=9 May 2013 |title=The Indian Army 1914 by Dr. Graham Watson on orbat.com }}

Category:Brigades of India in World War I Category:Military units and formations established in 1907 Category:Military units and formations disestablished in 1916 Category:Military units and formations established in 1917