{{short description|1814 brewery disaster in London}} {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}} {{Use British English|date=July 2019}} {{Use shortened footnotes|date=June 2021}} thumb|upright=1.2|alt=Etching of brewery working; two drays of horses pull deliveries away from the building.|Horse Shoe Brewery, London, c. 1800
The '''London Beer Flood''' was an accident at Meux & Co's Horse Shoe Brewery, London, on 17 October 1814. It took place when one of the {{convert|22|ft|m|adj=mid|-tall}} wooden vats of fermenting porter burst. The escaping liquid dislodged the valve of another vessel and destroyed several large barrels: between 128,000 and 323,000 imperial gallons (580,000–1,470,000 L; 154,000–388,000 US gal) of beer were released in total.
The resulting wave of porter destroyed the back wall of the brewery and swept into an area of slum dwellings known as the St Giles rookery. Eight people were killed, five of them mourners at the wake being held by an Irish family for a two-year-old boy. The coroner's inquest returned a verdict that the eight had lost their lives "casually, accidentally and by misfortune".{{sfn|"Dreadful Accident at H Meux & Co's Brewhouse". ''The Times''}} The brewery was nearly bankrupted by the event; it avoided collapse after a rebate from HM Excise on the lost beer. The brewing industry gradually stopped using large wooden vats after the accident. The brewery moved in 1921, and the Dominion Theatre is now where the brewery used to stand. Meux & Co went into liquidation in 1961. {{TOClimit|3}}
==Background== thumb|upright=1.2|alt=Street scene showing the poor of the rookery sitting at the edge of the road|"A Scene in St Giles's" – the St Giles rookery, c. 1850 In the early nineteenth century the Meux Brewery was one of the two largest in London, along with Whitbread.{{sfn|Henderson|2005|p=148}} In 1809 Sir Henry Meux purchased the Horse Shoe Brewery, at the junction of Tottenham Court Road and Oxford Street.{{sfn|Hornsey|2007|p=450}} Meux's father, Sir Richard Meux, had previously co-owned the Griffin Brewery in Liquor-Pond Street (now Clerkenwell Road), in which he had constructed the largest vat in London, capable of holding 20,000 imperial barrels.{{sfn|Glover|2012|loc=Chapter 27}}{{efn|20,000 imperial barrels equates to 3,300,000 L; 720,000 imp gal; 860,000 US gal.}}
Henry Meux emulated his father's large vat,{{sfn|Glover|2012|loc=Chapter 27}} and constructed a wooden vessel {{convert|22|ft|m}} tall and capable of holding 18,000 imperial barrels.{{efn|18,000 imperial barrels equates to 2,900,000 L; 650,000 imp gal; 780,000 US gal}} {{convert|80|LT|MT|spell=On}} of iron hoops were used to strengthen the vat.{{sfn|Brinch Kissmeyer|Garrett|2012|p=348}}{{sfn|Eschner|2017}} Meux brewed only porter, a dark beer that was first brewed in London and was the most popular alcoholic drink in the capital.{{sfn|Hornsey|2007|pp=486–487}}{{sfn|Dornbusch|Garrett|2012|p=662}} Meux & Co brewed 102,493 imperial barrels in the twelve months up to July 1812.{{sfn|Overall|1870|p=74}}{{efn|102,493 imperial barrels equates to 16,774,000 L; 3,690,000 imp gal; 4,431,000 US gal.}} Porter was left in the large vessels to mature for several months, or up to a year for the best quality versions.{{sfn|Dornbusch|Garrett|2012|p=662}}
At the rear of the brewery ran New Street, a small cul-de-sac that joined on to Dyott Street;{{efn|New Street was demolished as part of redevelopment in the twentieth century; Dyott Street still runs along approximately the same course.{{sfn|"UCL Bloomsbury Project: Dyott Street". University College London}}{{sfn|"UCL Bloomsbury Project: New Street". University College London}}}} this was within the St Giles rookery.{{sfn|"UCL Bloomsbury Project: Dyott Street". University College London}}{{sfn|"UCL Bloomsbury Project: New Street". University College London}}{{sfn|Mayhew|1862|p=299}} The rookery, which covered an area of {{convert|8|acre|spell=in}}, "was a perpetually decaying slum seemingly always on the verge of social and economic collapse", according to Richard Kirkland, the professor of Irish literature.{{sfn|Kirkland|2012|p=16}} Thomas Beames, the preacher of Westminster St James, and author of the 1852 work ''The Rookeries of London: Past, Present and Prospective'', described the St Giles rookery as "a rendezvous of the scum of society";{{sfn|Beames|1852|p=19}} the area had been the inspiration for William Hogarth's 1751 print ''Gin Lane''.{{sfn|Beames|1852|p=24}}
==17 October 1814== {{multiple image <!-- Essential parameters --> | align = right | direction = vertical | header = Location of the Horse Shoe brewhouse | width = <!-- Image 1 --> | image1 = Horwood's Plan of London (1792-1799); Horse Shoe Brewery.jpg | width1 = 260 | alt1 = Map of central London | caption1 = The Horse Shoe Brewery (centre), at the junction of Tottenham Court Road and Oxford Street <!-- Image 2 --> | image2 = Horwood's Plan of London (1792-1799); Horse Shoe Brewery (cropped).jpg | width2 = 260 | alt2 = Close-up of the same map, showing the immediate vicinity of the brewery | caption2 = Close-up, showing the location of New Street, which was a cul-de-sac by 1814 }} At around 4:30 in the afternoon of 17 October 1814, George Crick, Meux's storehouse clerk, saw that one of the {{convert|700|lb|adj=on}} iron bands around a vat had slipped. The {{convert|22|ft|m|adj=on}} tall vessel was filled to within {{convert|4|in|cm|spell=on}} of the top with 3,555 imperial barrels of ten-month-old porter.{{sfn|"The London Beer Flood". The History Press}}{{sfn|Klein|2014}}{{efn|3,555 imperial barrels equates to 581,800 L; 128,000 imp gal; 153,700 US gal.}} As the bands slipped off the vats two or three times a year, Crick was unconcerned. He told his supervisor about the problem, but was told "that no harm whatever would ensue".{{sfn|"Dreadful Accident at H. Meux & Co's Brewhouse". ''Caledonian Mercury''}} Crick was told to write a note to Mr Young, one of the partners of the brewery, to have it fixed later.{{sfn|"Dreadful Accident at Meux & Co's Brewhouse". ''London Courier and Evening Gazette''}}
An hour after the hoop fell off, Crick was standing on a platform {{convert|30|ft|spell=in}} from the vat, holding the note to Mr Young, when the vessel, with no indication, burst.{{sfn|"Accident at Meux's Brewhouse". ''Morning Chronicle''}} The force of the liquid's release knocked the stopcock from a neighbouring vat, which also began discharging its contents; several hogsheads of porter were destroyed, and their contents added to the flood.{{sfn|"Dreadful Accident at H Meux & Co's Brewhouse". ''The Times''}}{{efn|A hogshead equates to 54 imperial gallons.{{sfn|Foster|1992|p=14}}}} Between 128,000 and 323,000 imperial gallons{{efn|128,000 to 323,000 imperial gallons equates to 580,000–1,470,000 L; 1,020,000–2,580,000 imp pt; 154,000–388,000 US gal.}} were released.{{sfn|"The London Beer Flood". The History Press}}{{efn|Sources disagree on the amount of beer released. Figures include: * 128,000 imp gal;{{sfn|Makepeace|2015}} * between 130,000 and 270,000 imp gal;{{sfn|Eschner|2017}} * over 220,000 imp gal;{{sfn|Tingle|2014}} * between 290,000 and 320,000 imp gal;{{sfn|Overall|1870|p=75}} * 320,000 imp gal;{{sfn|"The London Beer Flood". The History Press}}{{sfn|Johnson, Historic UK}} and * 323,000 imp gal.{{sfn|Clarkson|2014|p=1005}}}} The force of the liquid destroyed the rear wall of the brewery; it was {{convert|25|ft}} high and two and a half bricks thick.{{sfn|"Accident at Meux's Brewhouse". ''Morning Chronicle''}} Some of the bricks from the back wall were knocked upwards, and fell onto the roofs of the houses in the nearby Great Russell Street.{{sfn|Klein|2014}}
A wave of porter some {{convert|15|ft}} high swept into New Street, where it destroyed two houses{{sfn|Eschner|2017}}{{sfn|Klein|2014}} and badly damaged two others.{{sfn|Cornell|2010|p=61}}{{sfn|"Dreadful Accident". ''Evening Mail''}} In one of the houses a four-year-old girl, Hannah Bamfield, was having tea with her mother and another child. The wave of beer swept the mother and the second child into the street; Hannah was killed.{{efn|Both Mrs Bamfield and the second child spent time in hospital in a critical condition, but later recovered.{{sfn|"Dreadful Accident at H Meux & Co's Brewhouse". ''The Times''}}}} In the second destroyed house, a wake was being held by an Irish family for a two-year-old boy; Anne Saville, the boy's mother, and four other mourners (Mary Mulvey and her three-year-old son, Elizabeth Smith and Catherine Butler) were killed.{{sfn|"The Catastrophe at Mr Meux's". ''Morning Post'' (20 October)}} Eleanor Cooper, a 14-year-old servant of the publican of the Tavistock Arms in Great Russell Street, died when she was buried under the brewery's collapsed wall while washing pots in the pub's yard.{{sfn|"Dreadful Accident at H Meux & Co's Brewhouse". ''The Times''}} Another child, Sarah Bates, was found dead in another house in New Street.{{sfn|"The Catastrophe at Mr Meux's". ''Morning Post'' (21 October)}} The land around the building was low-lying and flat. With insufficient drainage, the beer flowed into cellars, many of which were inhabited, and people were forced to climb on furniture to avoid drowning.{{sfn|Klein|2014}}{{sfn|"Dreadful Catastrophe at Meux & Co's Brewhouse". ''Northampton Mercury''}}
All those in the brewery survived, although three workmen had to be rescued from the rubble;{{sfn|"Dreadful Accident at H Meux & Co's Brewhouse". ''The Times''}}{{sfn|"The London Beer Flood". The History Press}} the superintendent and one of the workers were taken to Middlesex Hospital, along with three others.{{sfn|"Dreadful Accident at Meux & Co's Brewhouse". ''London Courier and Evening Gazette''}}{{sfn|Makepeace|2015}}
==17 to 19 October== Stories later arose of hundreds of people collecting the beer, mass drunkenness and a death from alcohol poisoning a few days later.{{sfn|"A real beer tsunami" Canadian Broadcasting Corporation}} The brewing historian Martyn Cornell states that newspapers of the time made no reference to the revelry, or of the later death; instead, the newspapers reported that the crowds were well-behaved.{{sfn|Tingle|2014}} Cornell points out that the popular press of the time did not like the immigrant Irish population that lived in St Giles, so if there had been any misbehaviour, it would have been reported.{{sfn|Eschner|2017}}
The area surrounding the rear of the brewery showed a "scene of desolation [that] presents a most awful and terrific appearance, equal to that which fire or earthquake may be supposed to occasion".{{sfn|"Dreadful Accident". ''Morning Post''}} Watchmen at the brewery charged people to view the remains of the destroyed beer vats, and several hundred spectators came to view the scene.{{sfn|Tingle|2014}} The mourners killed in the cellar were given their own wake at The Ship public house in Bainbridge Street. The other bodies were laid out in a nearby yard by their families; the public came to see them and donated money for their funerals.{{sfn|Klein|2014}} Collections were taken up more widely for the families.{{sfn|Urban|1814|p=390}}
==Coroner's inquest== The coroner's inquest was held at the Workhouse of the St Giles parish on 19 October 1814; George Hodgson, the coroner for Middlesex, oversaw proceedings.{{sfn|"Coroner's Inquest". ''Kentish Gazette''}} The details of the victims were read out as:
*Eleanor Cooper, age 14 *Mary Mulvey, age 30 *Thomas Murry, age 3 (Mary Mulvey's son) *Hannah Bamfield, age 4 years 4 months *Sarah Bates, age 3 years 5 months *Ann Saville, age 60 *Elizabeth Smith, age 27 *Catherine Butler, age 65.{{sfn|"Dreadful Accident at H Meux & Co's Brewhouse". ''The Times''}}
Hodgson took the jurors to the scene of the events, and they viewed the brewery and bodies before evidence was taken from witnesses.{{sfn|"Coroner's Inquest". ''Kentish Gazette''}} The first witness was George Crick, who had seen the event happen in full; his brother was one of the men who had been injured at the brewery. Crick said that hoops on the vats failed three or four times a year, but without any previous problems. Accounts were also heard from Richard Hawse—the landlord of the Tavistock Arms, whose barmaid had been killed in the accident—and several others. The jury returned a verdict that the eight had lost their lives "casually, accidentally and by misfortune".{{sfn|"Dreadful Accident at H Meux & Co's Brewhouse". ''The Times''}}{{sfn|"Coroner's Inquest". ''Kentish Gazette''}}
==Later== As the coroner's inquest reached a verdict of an act of God, Meux & Co did not have to pay compensation.{{sfn|Klein|2014}} Nevertheless, the disaster—the lost porter, the damage to the buildings and the replacement of the vat—cost the company £23,000. After a private petition to Parliament they recovered about £7,250 from HM Excise, saving them from bankruptcy.{{sfn|Hornsey|2007|p=450}}{{efn|£23,000 in 1814 equates to approximately £{{formatnum:{{Inflation|UK|23000|1814|r=-3}}}} in {{Inflation/year|UK}}; £7,250 in 1814 equates to approximately £{{formatnum:{{Inflation|UK|7250|1814|r=-3}}}} in {{Inflation/year|UK}}, according to calculations based on the Consumer Price Index measure of inflation.{{sfn|Clark|2018}}}}
The Horse Shoe Brewery went back into business soon afterwards,{{sfn|Tingle|2014}} but closed in 1921 when Meux moved their production to the Nine Elms brewery in Wandsworth, which they had purchased in 1914.{{sfn|Richmond|Turton|1990|p=233}} At the time of its closure the site covered {{convert|103,000|sqft|m2|lk=in|sigfig=2}}.{{sfn|"The Estate Market". ''The Times''}} The brewery was demolished the following year and the Dominion Theatre was later built on the site.{{sfn|"The London Beer Flood". The History Press}}{{sfn|Protz|2012|p=583}} Meux & Co went into liquidation in 1961.{{sfn|Richmond|Turton|1990|p=233}} As a result of the accident, large wooden tanks were phased out across the brewing industry and replaced with lined concrete vessels.{{sfn|"The London Beer Flood". The History Press}}{{sfn|Johnson, Historic UK}}
==See also== {{Portal|London|Beer|History}} * List of non-water floods
==Notes and references==
===Notes=== {{notes}}
===References=== {{reflist|colwidth=25em|refs=}}
===Sources=== {{refbegin}} {{bots|deny=Citation bot}} ====Books==== * {{cite book|last=Beames|first=Thomas|title=The Rookeries of London: Past, Present and Prospective|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=35hUAAAAcAAJ&pg=PR3|year=1852|publisher=T. Bosworth|location=London|oclc=828478078}} * {{cite book|last1=Brinch Kissmeyer|first1=Anders|last2=Garrett|first2=Oliver|chapter=Fermentation vessels|editor-last=Garrett|editor-first=Oliver|title=The Oxford Companion to Beer|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ga4MYyZq-RMC&pg=PP1|year=2012|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=New York|isbn=978-0-19-536713-3|doi=10.1093/acref/9780195367133.001.0001}} * {{cite book|last1=Clarkson|first1=Janet|title=Food History Almanac: Over 1,300 Years of World Culinary History, Culture and Social Influence|date=2014|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|location=Lanham, MA|isbn=978-1-4422-2715-6|url=https://archive.org/details/foodhistoryalman0000clar/page/n5}} * {{cite book|last1=Cornell|first1=Martyn|title=Amber, Gold and Black: The History of Britain's Great Beers|date=2010|publisher=The History Press|location=Stroud, Gloucestershire|isbn=978-0-7524-5567-9}} * {{cite book|last1=Dornbusch|first1=Horst|last2=Garrett|first2=Oliver|chapter=Porter|editor-last=Garrett|editor-first=Oliver|title=The Oxford Companion to Beer|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ga4MYyZq-RMC&pg=PP1|year=2012|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=New York|isbn=978-0-19-536713-3|doi=10.1093/acref/9780195367133.001.0001}} * {{cite book|last1=Foster|first1=Terry|title=Porter|year=1992|publisher=Brewers Publications|location=Boulder, CO|isbn=978-0-9373-8128-1}} * {{cite book|last=Glover|first=Brian|title=The Lost Beers & Breweries of Britain|year=2012|publisher=Amberley Publishing Limited|location=Stroud, Gloucestershire|isbn=978-1-4456-2049-7}} * {{cite book|last=Henderson|first=W. O.|title=Industrial Britain Under the Regency, 1814–18: The Diaries of Escher, Bodmer, May And De Gallois 1814–18|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vMNaSpwywdcC&pg=PP1|year=2005|publisher=Routledge|location=Abingdon, Oxfordshire|isbn=978-0-415-38220-5}} * {{cite book|last=Hornsey|first=Ian S.|title=A History of Beer and Brewing|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P3UoDwAAQBAJ&pg=PP1|year=2007|publisher=Royal Society of Chemistry|location=London|isbn=978-1-84755-002-6}} * {{cite book|last=Mayhew|first=Henry|author-link=Henry Mayhew|title=London Labour and the London Poor|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vE0OAAAAQAAJ&pg=PP1|volume=4|year=1862|publisher=Charles Griffin & Co|location=London|oclc=633789935}} * {{cite book|last=Overall|first=William Henry|author-link=William Henry Overall|title=The Dictionary of Chronology, Or Historical and Statistical Register|url=https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofchro00overiala|year=1870|publisher=W. Tegg|location=London}} * {{cite book|last=Protz|first=Roger|author-link=Roger Protz|editor-last=Oliver|editor-first=Garrett|title=The Oxford Companion to Beer|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ga4MYyZq-RMC&pg=PP1|year=2012|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=New York|isbn=978-0-19-536713-3|doi=10.1093/acref/9780195367133.001.0001}} * {{cite book|last1=Richmond|first1=Lesley|last2=Turton|first2=Alison|title=The Brewing Industry: A Guide to Historical Records|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_8xRAQAAIAAJ&pg=PP1|year=1990|publisher=Manchester University Press|location=Manchester |isbn=978-0-7190-3032-1}}
====Journals==== * {{cite journal|last1=Kirkland|first1=Richard|title=Reading the Rookery: The Social Meaning of an Irish Slum in Nineteenth-Century London|journal=New Hibernia Review / Iris Éireannach Nua|date=Spring 2012|volume=16|issue=1|pages=16–30|jstor=23266637|doi=10.1353/nhr.2012.0000|s2cid=144980722}}
====Newspapers==== * {{cite news|title=Accident at Meux's Brewhouse|work=Morning Chronicle|date=20 October 1814|page=3|ref={{sfnRef|"Accident at Meux's Brewhouse". ''Morning Chronicle''}}}} * {{cite news|title=Coroner's Inquest|work=Kentish Gazette|date=25 October 1814|page=3|ref={{sfnRef|"Coroner's Inquest". ''Kentish Gazette''}}}} * {{cite news|title=Dreadful Accident|work=Morning Post|date=19 October 1814|page=3|ref={{sfnRef|"Dreadful Accident". ''Morning Post''}}}} * {{cite news|title=The Catastrophe at Mr Meux's|work=Morning Post|date=20 October 1814|page=3|ref={{sfnRef|"The Catastrophe at Mr Meux's". ''Morning Post'' (20 October)}}}} * {{cite news|title=The Catastrophe at Mr Meux's|work=Morning Post|date=21 October 1814|page=3|ref={{sfnRef|"The Catastrophe at Mr Meux's". ''Morning Post'' (21 October)}}}} * {{cite news|title=Dreadful Accident|work=Evening Mail|date=19 October 1814|page=3|ref={{sfnRef|"Dreadful Accident". ''Evening Mail''}}}} * {{cite news|title=Dreadful Accident at H. Meux & Co's Brewhouse|work=Caledonian Mercury|date=24 October 1814|page=2|ref={{sfnRef|"Dreadful Accident at H. Meux & Co's Brewhouse". ''Caledonian Mercury''}}}} * {{cite news|title=Dreadful Accident at Meux & Co's Brewhouse|work=London Courier and Evening Gazette|date=20 October 1814|page=2|ref={{sfnRef|"Dreadful Accident at Meux & Co's Brewhouse". ''London Courier and Evening Gazette''}}}} * {{cite news|title=Dreadful Accident at H. Meux & Co's Brewhouse|work=The Times|date=20 October 1814|page=3|ref={{sfnRef|"Dreadful Accident at H Meux & Co's Brewhouse". ''The Times''}}}} * {{cite news|title=Dreadful Catastrophe at Meux & Co's Brewhouse|work=Northampton Mercury|date=22 October 1814|page=3|ref={{sfnRef|"Dreadful Catastrophe at Meux & Co's Brewhouse". ''Northampton Mercury''}}}} * {{cite news|title=The Estate Market|work=The Times|date=23 February 1922|page=22|ref={{sfnRef|"The Estate Market". ''The Times''}}}} * {{cite news|last1=Tingle|first1=Rory|title=What really happened in the London Beer Flood 200 years ago?|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/food-and-drink/features/what-really-happened-in-the-london-beer-flood-200-years-ago-9796096.html|work=The Independent|date=17 October 2014}} * {{cite book|last=Urban|first=Sylvanus|author-link=Edward Cave|title=The Gentleman's Magazine: And Historical Chronicle. From July To December 1814.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xq8UAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA307|volume=LXXXIV|year=1814|publisher=Nichols|location=London}}
====Internet==== * {{cite web|last1=Clark|first1=Gregory|title=The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)|url=https://www.measuringworth.com/ukearncpi/|access-date=30 January 2018|publisher=MeasuringWorth|date=2018}} * {{cite web|title='A real beer tsunami'. Remembering the big British beer flood of October, 1814 with brewing historian Martyn Cornell|url=https://www.cbc.ca/radio/asithappens/friday-zak-ebrahim-stolen-cabin-sphinx-unearthed-and-more-1.2902846/a-real-beer-tsunami-remembering-the-big-british-beer-flood-of-october-1814-with-brewing-historian-martyn-cornell-1.2902838|publisher=Canadian Broadcasting Corporation|access-date=30 July 2019|date=17 October 2014|ref={{sfnRef|"A real beer tsunami" Canadian Broadcasting Corporation}}}} * {{cite web|last1=Eschner|first1=Kat|title=This 1814 Beer Flood Killed Eight People |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/1814-beer-flood-killed-eight-people-180964256/|publisher=Smithsonian Institution|access-date=22 July 2019|date=4 August 2017}} * {{cite web|last=Johnson|first=Ben|title=The London Beer Flood of 1814|url=https://www.historic-uk.com/HistoryUK/HistoryofBritain/The-London-Beer-Flood-of-1814/|publisher=Historic UK|access-date=27 July 2019|ref={{sfnRef|Johnson, Historic UK}}}} * {{cite web|last1=Klein|first1=Christopher|title=The London Beer Flood|url=https://www.history.com/news/the-london-beer-flood-200-years-ago|publisher=History.com|access-date=25 July 2019|date=17 October 2014}} * {{cite web|title=The London Beer Flood|url=https://www.thehistorypress.co.uk/articles/the-london-beer-flood/|publisher=The History Press|access-date=25 July 2019|ref={{sfnRef|"The London Beer Flood". The History Press}}}} * {{cite web|last1=Makepeace|first1=Margaret|title=The London Beer Flood 1814 – Untold lives blog|url=https://blogs.bl.uk/untoldlives/2015/10/the-london-beer-flood-1814.html|publisher=British Library|access-date=27 July 2019|date=17 October 2015}} * {{cite web|title=UCL Bloomsbury Project: Dyott Street|url=https://www.ucl.ac.uk/bloomsbury-project/streets/dyott_street.htm|publisher=University College London|access-date=23 July 2019|ref={{sfnRef|"UCL Bloomsbury Project: Dyott Street". University College London}}}} * {{cite web|title=UCL Bloomsbury Project: New Street|url=https://www.ucl.ac.uk/bloomsbury-project/streets/new_street(1).htm|publisher=University College London|access-date=23 July 2019|ref={{sfnRef|"UCL Bloomsbury Project: New Street". University College London}}}} {{refend}}
{{Coord|51|31|01|N|00|07|48|W|region:GB|display=title}} {{featured article}} Category:1810s disasters in the United Kingdom Category:1814 in London Category:1814 industrial disasters Category:Brewing in London Category:Disasters in London Category:Food processing disasters Category:History of the London Borough of Camden Category:October 1814 Category:Regency London Category:1814 natural disasters Category:Floods in England Category:19th-century floods in the United Kingdom