{{short description|1912 aircraft produced in Austria-Hungary}} <!-- This article is a part of Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft. Please see Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout. --> {{Infobox aircraft | name = Lohner B.I | logo = | logo_size = | image = HGM Modell Lohner Pfeilflieger cropped.jpg | alt = | caption = The Lohner B.1 at the Museum of Military History, Vienna | long_caption = | other_names = | aircraft_type = Reconnaissance aircraft | aim = | outcome = | related = | national_origin = Austria-Hungary | manufacturer = Lohner | design_group = | designer = | builder = | issuer = | status = | owners = | primary_user = KuKLFT | more_users = | service = | major_applications = | proposals = | prototypes = | number_built = | construction_number = | civil_registration = | military_serial = | radio_code = | requirement = | aircraft_carried = | flights = | total_hours = | total_distance = | construction_date = | introduction = | retired = | first_flight = | initiated = | in_service = | last_flight = | expected = | developed_from = | variants = B.II and B.VII | developed_into = | preservation = | fate = | predecessors = | successors = | concluded = }}
The '''Lohner B.I''' was a military reconnaissance aircraft produced in Austria-Hungary during World War I.<ref name="Jane's 610">Taylor 1989, 610</ref> As Lohner strove to perfect the design, a variety of increasingly powerful engines were fitted, reflected in a range of military designations from B.II through to B.VI until the definitive B.VII was finally produced. This last version was also produced in an armed variant, designated the C.I.<ref name="Jane's 611">Taylor 1989, 611</ref>
==Design and development== The B.I design originated before the war<ref name="Gunston 188">Gunston 1993, 188</ref> and was initially known as the ''Pfeilflieger'' ("Arrow-flier") on account of its sharply swept-back wings,<ref name="Murphy 105">Murphy 2005, 105</ref> giving it an arrow-shaped plan form. Apart from this feature, it was an otherwise conventional biplane design with two-bay, staggered wings of unequal span. The pilot and observer (or instructor) sat in tandem in an open cockpit.
The first batch was produced for the ''Luftschiffabteilung'' ("Airship Section") of the Austro-Hungarian army in late 1912, after a national fundraising campaign conducted by the ''Österreichischer Aero-Club'' ("Austrian Aero-Club").<ref name="Murphy 105" /> Known at this time as the '''Type B''', the army took delivery of 28 aircraft before asking Lohner to develop a version better suited for mountain-flying, leading to the B.II which replaced the B.I in production in mid 1914. However, during the course of 1915, production was briefly revived (along with the then-surpassed B.II) under licence at Flugzeugwerk Fischamend for use as trainers.
==Operational history== On 17 December 1913, during the war with Morocco, a Spanish expeditionary squadron of the ''Aeronáutica Militar'' became the first organized air force unit to see combat during the first systematic bombing in history by dropping aerial bombs from a Lohner ''Flecha'' airplane on the plain of Ben Karrix in Morocco.<ref>[http://www.ejercitodelaire.mde.es/stweb/ea/ficheros/pdf/ECFB9F6AFA11EA1CC125770C002CA966.pdf Aeroplano, n. 23, 2005]</ref>
==Variants== ;B.I:Original ''Pfeilflieger'' design. ;B.II:The Lohner B.II variant, a version better suited for mountain-flying. ;B.II:Production version with 63 kW (85 hp) Hiero engine (96 built) ;B.III:Version with 75 kW (100 hp) Mercedes, 90 kW (120 hp) Austro-Daimler (Lohner versions) or 75 kW (100 hp) Austro-Daimler (Ufag version) (30 built) ;B.IV:Version with revised undercarriage and 75 kW (100 hp) Mercedes engine (9 built, 8 of these by Ufag) ;B.V:Version with 100 kW (140 hp) Rapp engine (6 built) ;B.VI:Similar to B.V (18 built) ;B.VII:The Lohner B.VII was the definitive version with 110 kW (150 hp) or 120 kW (160 hp) Austro Daimler engine (73 built).<ref name="Jane's 611">Taylor 1989, 611</ref> ;C.1:An armed variant based on the B.VII fitted with a 120 kW (160 hp) Austro Daimler engine and armed with single machine gun on trainable mount for observer (40 built).<ref name="Jane's 611">Taylor 1989, 611</ref> ;''Flecha'':The Lohner ''Flecha'' (Arrow) or ''Barrón Flecha'', was a variant of the Lohner B.1 developed in Spain by engineer Eduardo Barrón in 1915. It would remain in service until 1919.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ejercitodelaire.mde.es/ea/pag?idDoc=9EE098D2F49BB080C12570D700465153&idRef=FB37F986ED1892D0C1257450003287D0 |title=Aeronaves – Históricas 1910-1919 - Ejército del Aire |access-date=2014-12-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100106123909/http://www.ejercitodelaire.mde.es/ea/pag?idDoc=9EE098D2F49BB080C12570D700465153&idRef=FB37F986ED1892D0C1257450003287D0 |archive-date=2010-01-06 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The ''Flecha'' would be used as a platform by Barrón in order to develop a new model in 1917, the Barrón W.<ref>Warleta Carrillo, José (1989). ''«Eduardo Barrón y Ramos de Sotomayor».'' In Instituto de Historia y Cultura Aeronáutica. Aeroplano, Revista de Historia Aeronáutica nº 6. Madrid. pp. 64–74</ref>
==Operators== ;{{flag|Austria-Hungary}} *Austro-Hungarian Imperial and Royal Aviation Troops <!-- ==Units using this aircraft/Operators (choose)== --> ;{{ESP}} *''Aeronáutica Militar'' (1913 - 1917)
==Specifications== {{Aircraft specs |ref=<!-- reference -->Grosz 2002 |prime units? = met |crew=Two, pilot and observer |length m=8.50 |length ft=27 |length in=11 |span m=13.40 |span ft=44 |span in=0 |height m=3.00 |height ft=9 |height in=10 |wing area sqm=37.5 |wing area sqft=403 |empty weight kg=630 |empty weight lb=1,390 |gross weight kg=970 |gross weight lb=2,130 |eng1 number=1 |eng1 name=Austro-Daimler |eng1 kw=<!-- prop engines -->70 |eng1 hp=<!-- prop engines -->90 |max speed kmh=115 |max speed mph=72 |climb rate ms=1.4 |climb rate ftmin=270 }} <!-- ==See also== --> {{aircontent <!-- include as many lines are appropriate. additional lines/entries with carriage return. --> |see also= |related=<!-- related developments --> |similar aircraft=<!-- similar or comparable aircraft --> |lists=<!-- related lists --> }}
==Notes== {{reflist}}
==References== {{commons category|Lohner B.I}} * {{cite book |last= Grosz |first= Peter M. |title=Austro-Hungarian Army Aircraft of World War One |year=2002 |publisher=Flying Machine Press |location= Colorado }} * {{cite book |last= Gunston |first= Bill |title=World Encyclopedia of Aircraft Manufacturers |year=1993 |publisher=Naval Institute Press |location= Annapolis }} * {{cite book |last= Murphy |first= Justin D. |title=Military Aircraft: Origins to 1918 |year=2005 |publisher=ABC-Clio |location= Santa Barbara }} * {{cite book |last= Taylor |first= Michael J. H. |title=Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation |year=1989 |publisher=Studio Editions |location=London }} <!-- ==External links== -->
{{Lohner aircraft}} {{KuKLFT B-class designations}}
Category:1910s Austro-Hungarian military reconnaissance aircraft B.I Category:Single-engined tractor aircraft Category:Aircraft first flown in 1912