{{Infobox company | name = Bombardier Transportation Austria | logo = | caption = | type = | traded_as = | genre = <!-- Only used with media and publishing companies --> | fate = | predecessor = | successor = | foundation = <!-- {{Start date|YYYY|MM|DD}} --> | founder = | defunct = | location_city = Vienna | location_country = Austria | location = | locations = | area_served = | key_people = | industry = Vehicle engineering | products = Aircraft, trams, other vehicles | services = | revenue = | operating_income = | net_income = | aum = <!-- Only used with financial services companies --> | assets = | equity = | owner = | num_employees = | parent = | divisions = | subsid = | homepage = <!-- {{URL|www.example.com}} --> | footnotes = | intl = }} '''Bombardier Transportation Austria GmbH''' is an [[Austria|Austrian]] [[subsidiary]] company of [[Bombardier Transportation]] located in [[Vienna]], [[Austria]].
It was founded in the 19th century by Jacob Lohner as '''Lohner-Werke''' or simply ''Lohner'' as a luxury [[coachbuilding]] firm. Around 1900 the firm produced electric-cars, being the first in Austria to do so; the cars were designed by [[Ferdinand Porsche]]. During the early 1900s the firm manufactured aircraft, after World War I the company manufactured trams, and after World War II the company began manufacturing scooters and mopeds using engines from [[Rotax]], with which it merged in 1959, forming ''Lohner Rotax''. In 1970 Canadian firm [[Bombardier Transportation]] acquired a controlling share in the company and renamed it '''Bombardier-Rotax GmbH'''. Under Bombardier the company became '''Bombardier Wien Schienenfahrzeuge''' (BWS), later '''Bombardier Transportation Austria GmbH'''. It relocated to a specialised factory in 2007, and now produces only trams.
==History== [[File:Lohner Kutsche 02.jpg|thumb|right|Lohner luxury carriage Lohner ~ 1910]] [[File:Jacob Lohner & Co. advertisement (1901).jpg|thumb|Jacob Lohner & Co. advertisement (1901)]] [[File:Jacob Lohner & Co. Omnibus (1906).jpg|thumb|Jacob Lohner & Co. Omnibus (1906)]] [[File:Lohner fire ladder truck (1908).jpg|thumb|Lohner fire ladder truck (1908)]] [[File:Lohner fire ladder truck with Knaust equipment (1908).jpg|thumb|Lohner fire ladder truck with Knaust equipment (1908)]] In 1821 German Heinrich Lohner (1786–1855) established a workshop in Vienna, Austria, establishing himself as a wagonmaster. In 1823 he formed a joint venture with master saddlemaker (''Sattlermeister'') Ludwig Laurenzi, ''Laurenzi & Lohner''. After the death of Ludwig Laurenzi in 1863 the company became ''Jacob Lohner & Co.'' under Heinrich Lohner's son Jacob Lohner (1821–92). Jacob Lohner transformed his father's craft business into a factory eventually manufacturing between 300 and 500 vehicles per year. The company supplied vehicles to the courts of the royal houses of Norway, Sweden, and Romania, as well as to the Austrian emperor;<ref name="h1">Sources: *{{citation| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=wxD86UnsmVcC| title = Automobil a spalovací motor| author =Branko Remek | publisher = Grada Publishing a.s.|language = cs|year = 2012| isbn = 9788024735382| at = Lohner, p.60}} *{{citation| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=j1_FQqRfZn8C| title = Faszination des Fahrens: unterwegs mit Fahrrad, Motorrad und Automobil| author =Kurt Bauer| publisher =Böhlau Verlag Wien|language = de|year= 2003| isbn = 9783205770978| at = Kleine Enzyklopädie des Fahrens, "Lohner", pp.250-1}}</ref><ref name="h2"> {{citation| url = http://www.strassenbahn-europa.at/strassenba_02.htm| title = Ära Lohner : Von der Kutsche bis zur Motorisierung| author = Franz Straka| language = de| work = www.strassenbahn-europa.at|date = December 2007|publisher = Railway - Media - Group}}</ref> the company received the distinction ''k.u.k. Hofwagenlieferant'' ("Royal [[carriagemaker]]s").<ref name="h2"/>
In 1887 Jacob Lohner's son Ludwig Lohner (1858–1925) took over the company. He decided that self-powered cars were the future, initially working with [[Béla Egger]], and in 1898 hiring [[Ferdinand Porsche]] (from [[Béla Egger]]'s electricity company). During his employment Porsche designed a number of vehicles. The [[Lohner Porsche]] chaise was powered by batteries, with two front wheel electric motors mounted in the wheel hubs. One of his [[electric vehicle]]s was a popular exhibit at the ''[[Exposition Universelle (1900)|Exposition Universelle]]'' (Paris world fair, 1900). Porsche later developed petrol-engined cars with electric transmissions, some versions of which had additional batteries. Vehicles using the petrol electric transmission with hub motors were sold to the German army and to the Viennese fire brigade. Porsche left the Lohner company in 1905, and joined [[Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft|Daimler]] affiliate company ''[[Austro-Daimler|Österreichische Daimler Motoren Commanditgesellschaft Bierenz Fischer & Co.]]''; vehicles were later built using the [[Lohner Porsche]] system under the Mercedes brand of Daimler.<ref>Sources: * {{citation| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=6guLi7s0cpQC| title = Great Auto Makers and Their Cars| author = Robert Italia| author2 = Bob Italia| publisher = The Oliver Press, Inc.| year = 1993| pages = 64–68| isbn = 9781881508083}} * {{citation| url = http://origin.porsche.com/uk/pictures/picture-of-the-week-1903-lohner-porsche-mixte| title = Picture of the Week: 1903 Lohner-Porsche Mixte| work = origin.porsche.com| date = 17 August 2011| publisher = Porsche Cars Great Britain Ltd}} * {{citation| url = http://origin.porsche.com/uk/pictures/picture-of-the-week-lohner-porsche-electric-voiturette-1| title = Picture of the week: Lohner-Porsche Electric Voiturette| work = origin.porsche.com| date = 12 October 2010| publisher = Porsche Cars Great Britain Ltd}} * {{citation| url = http://media.daimler.com/Projects/c2c/channel/documents/1467995_Hybrid_e.rtf| title = Hybrid drive at Daimler AG| at = 1907 - The first hybrid from Daimler: The Mercedes Mixte| work = media.daimler.com| publisher = Daimler| url-status = dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151208093211/http://media.daimler.com/Projects/c2c/channel/documents/1467995_Hybrid_e.rtf| archive-date = 2015-12-08}} * {{citation| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=5689qa8vrLQC| title = The electric vehicle: technology and expectations in the automobile age (Geschiedenis van de Auto van Morgen)| author = Gijs Mom| publisher = Johns Hopkins University Press| year = 2004| orig-year = 1997| pages = 22–24| isbn = 9780801871382}}</ref>
[[File:Lohner L.jpg|thumb|left|[[Lohner L]] aircraft]] In 1909, the firm undertook aircraft manufacture,<ref name="h1"/> producing [[reconnaissance aircraft]] for the [[Austro-Hungarian army]] during the [[First World War]], and a series of [[flying-boat]] patrol aircraft for the Navy,<ref name="Gunston">Gunston 1993, 188</ref> which were later copied by the Italian [[Alenia Aermacchi|Macchi]] aviation firm for the Italian military in World War I.{{Citation needed|date=February 2012}} Lohner also produced aircraft for the budding [[Spanish Air Force]].<ref>{{citation| url = http://www.ejercitodelaire.mde.es/ea/pag?idDoc=A963122D791E3CCFC125744800472D23| title = Ejército del Aire - 1913| work = www.ejercitodelaire.mde.es| language = es| quote = 17-XII-1913 : Primer bombardeo aéreo de la historia con auténticas bombas de aviación: Los Capitanes Barrón y Cifuentes sobre biplano Lohner en Ben Karrix, Marruecos| access-date = 2010-11-05| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100925132208/http://www.ejercitodelaire.mde.es/ea/pag?idDoc=A963122D791E3CCFC125744800472D23| archive-date = 2010-09-25| url-status = dead}}</ref>
After World War I the company abandoned aircraft production,<ref group="note">The [[Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1919)]] restricted Austria from having a military airforce, and restricted the number of armament factories to one.</ref> and shifted its production to the manufacturing of [[tram]]s, and coachbodies. During the [[Great Depression]] the factory in [[Floridsdorf]] shut down.<ref name="h1"/><ref name="h2"/>
During the [[Anschluss]] with Germany, Lohner produced aircraft wings. The plant was damaged in 1944, and post [[World War II]] the company was in public administration until 1949 when it was returned to the control of the Lohner family.<ref name="h1"/><ref name="h2"/>
In 1949 Lohner began manufacturing scooters and mopeds which were designed by [[Otto Kauba]],<ref>{{citation| url =https://books.google.com/books?id=XqofAQAAIAAJ|language = de| title = Österreichische Motorräder und Beiwagen: 1918-1960| author = Rudolf Santner| publisher = Weishaupt Verlag| year = 1994| page =77|isbn = 9783705900103|quote = Nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg begann Lohner 1949 mit der Herstellung von Rollern nach Plänen und unter der Leitung von Ing. Otto Kauba. Dieser von einem Rotax- Motor (Lizenz Sachs) eher mäßig schnell fortbewegte Roller war ab 1950 käuflich..}}</ref> a production range that would include the well-known of which was the [[Lohner L125]].<ref>{{citation| url = http://www.strassenbahn-europa.at/strassenba_02.htm| title =Ära Lohner : Von der Kutsche bis zur Motorisierung| author = Franz Straka| work = www.strassenbahn-europa.at| language = de}}</ref> The scooter range included popular models such as the ''Sissy'', L125 and L98,<ref name ="h2"/> but sales were eventually reduced due to the popularity of the motorcar.<ref name="h1"/> Tram production also resumed post World War II.<ref name="h2"/>
In 1959, the Lohner factory merged with [[Rotax]] which had supplied engines for its motorscooters. During the 1960s contracts included hay-loaders, gun carriages for the Austrian Army, and [[Ski-Doo|Bombardier Ski-Doo]]s which were produced under license from 1966 to 1970.<ref name="h2"/>
In 1970 the company was acquired by [[Bombardier Inc.|Bombardier]] purchased a majority of shares in the company and renamed it ''Bombardier-Rotax GmbH''.
===Bombardier Transportation=== [[File:Innsbruck tram 73.jpg|thumb|DUEWAG licensed articulated tram (1977) for [[Innsbruck]]]] [[File:Wien Underground U6.jpg|thumbnail|Type T light-rail unit of [[Line U6, Vienna U-Bahn]] (1995)]] Reorganized later as a division of Bombardier-Rotax named ''Bombardier Wien Schienenfahrzeuge'' (BWS).{{Citation needed|date=February 2012}} After Bombardier's acquisition of [[Adtranz]] in 2001, the company's production plan designated the Vienna works for carbody production, specialising in [[Light rail]] vehicles (LRV).<ref name="res2001">{{citation| url = http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Bombardier+Sets+Course+for+the+Future+With+New+European...-a080002260| title = Bombardier Sets Course for the Future With New European Passenger-Vehicle Manufacturing Network Strategy| date = 13 November 2001| work = www.thefreelibrary.com| publisher = [[Business Wire]]| access-date = 14 February 2012| archive-date = 11 April 2019| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190411095433/https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Bombardier+Sets+Course+for+the+Future+With+New+European...-a080002260| url-status = dead}}</ref><ref>{{citation|url=http://www2.bombardier.com/en/1_0/pdf/presentation011113.pdf |work=www2.bombardier.com |title=The Passenger-Vehicle Manufacturing Network Strategy in Europe |date=13 November 2001 |publisher=[[Bombardier Transportation]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014113121/http://www2.bombardier.com/en/1_0/pdf/presentation011113.pdf |archive-date=14 October 2013 }}</ref>
The company moved to a new plant in the [[Donaustadt]] district of Vienna in 2007.<ref group="note">{{coord|48.26548|16.47136|display = inline|type:landmark|}}, Hermann Gebauer Straße 5 ,A-1220 Vienna, Austria</ref> As of 2012 the company operates as ''Bombardier Transportation Austria GmbH & Co. KG'', and manufactures trams.<ref>Sources: *{{citation| url = http://www.leitbetriebe.at/index.asp?p=wien&m=78726| title = Bombardier Transportation Austria GmbH & Co. KG| work = www.leitbetriebe.at| language = de| publisher = Leitbetriebe Austria| access-date = 2012-02-14| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111011023243/http://leitbetriebe.at/index.asp?p=wien| archive-date = 2011-10-11| url-status = dead}} *{{citation| url = http://www.bombardier.com/files/en/supporting_docs/Vienna_en.pdf| title = SITE FACT SHEET : VIENNA, AUSTRIA| work = www.bombardier.com| publisher = Bombardier}}{{Dead link|date=March 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} *{{citation| url = http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=5126491| title = Bombardier Transportation Austria GmbH & Co. KG| work = investing.businessweek.com| publisher = [[Bloomberg LP]]}}</ref> {{Clear}}
==Aircraft== [[File:Lohner Type AA 10.20A fighter airplane.jpg|thumb|The Lohner 10.20A with lengthened fuselage, twin struts and vertical fin.]] * (1914)<ref>{{cite web|url= https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=nyp.33433066356969&seq=996 |title= Lohner |date=1914-11-01|publisher= Gas review v. 7 (1914) |access-date=2026-04-02}}</ref> * [[Lohner Type AA]] * [[Lohner B.I]] * [[Lohner B.II]] * [[Lohner B.VII]] * [[Lohner E]] * [[Lohner L]]
==Notes== {{reflist|group="note"}}
==References== {{reflist}}
===Sources=== * {{cite book |last= Gunston |first= Bill |title=World Encyclopedia of Aircraft Manufacturers |year=1993 |publisher=Naval Institute Press |location= Annapolis }}
===Literature=== *{{citation| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=mpxIAAAAYAAJ| title = Lohner zu Land, zu Wasser und in der Luft: die Geschichte eines industriellen Familienunternehmens von 1823-1970| author = Erwin Steinböck| publisher = H. Weishaupt| year = 1984| isbn = 9783900310080|language = de}}
== External links == {{Commons category|Lohner-Werke}} *{{citation| url = http://www.rollerwelt.org/rollermarken/cHash/c099f34e1d/?tx_rollerwelt_pi3%5BshowUid%5D=2| archive-url = https://archive.today/20130415172338/http://www.rollerwelt.org/rollermarken/cHash/c099f34e1d/?tx_rollerwelt_pi3%5BshowUid%5D=2| url-status = dead| archive-date = April 15, 2013| title = Lohner, Österreich| work = www.rollerwelt.org| language = de}} *{{citation| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=jBJlAwweyNYC| title = Big Business in Österreich: österreichische Grossunternehmen in Kurzdarstellungen| author = Franz Mathis| publisher = Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag| year = 1987| chapter = Bombardier| chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=jBJlAwweyNYC&pg=PA63| page = 63| isbn = 9783486537710| language = de}} *{{citation| url = http://www.austria-lexikon.at/af/AEIOU/Lohner-Werke%2C_Wagenbauunternehmen| title = Lohner-Werke| work =www.austria-lexikon.at|language = de| publisher = AEIOU Encyclopedia of Austria}}
[[Category:Lohner-Werke| ]] [[Category:Companies of Austria-Hungary]] [[Category:Horsecar manufacturers]] [[Category:Motor vehicle manufacturers of Austria-Hungary]] [[Category:Defunct aircraft manufacturers of Austria]] [[Category:Tram manufacturers]] [[Category:Purveyors to the Imperial and Royal Court]] [[Category:Bombardier Inc. acquisitions]] [[Category:Electric vehicle manufacturers of Austria]] [[Category:Bombardier Transportation]]