{{short description|None}}
{{Original research|date=February 2009}}
The most southerly geographical features of various types are listed here.
== Cities and settlements == {{See also|Southernmost settlements}} {| class="wikitable sortable" font-size:95%;" |- ! Item ! Place ! Latitude/longitude |- | Capital (of an independent nation) | {{flagicon|New Zealand}} Wellington, New Zealand | {{Coord|41|17|20|S|174|46|38|E|type:city|name=Wellington, New Zealand}} |- | Permanent settlement of any size|| {{flagicon|Antarctica}} Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station, Antarctica | {{coord|90|S|0|E|type:landmark_region:AQ|name=Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station, Antarctica}} |- | Settlement capable of housing more than 1,000 people<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.nsf.gov/pubs/1997/antpanel/4past.htm | title=4.0 Antarctica - Past and Present | access-date=2018-04-06 | archive-date=2017-07-03 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170703112521/https://www.nsf.gov/pubs/1997/antpanel/4past.htm | url-status=live }}</ref> | {{flagicon|Antarctica}} McMurdo Station, Antarctica | {{coord|77|51|S|166|40|E|type:city|name=McMurdo Station, Antarctica}} |- | Hamlet (excluding research stations) | {{flagicon|Chile}} Puerto Toro, Chile | {{coord|55|5|0|S|67|4|30|W|type:city|name=Puerto Toro, Chile}} |- |- | Town or city > 1,000 people | {{flagicon|Chile}} Puerto Williams, Chile | {{coord|54|56|S|67|37|W|type:city|name=Puerto Williams, Chile}} |- | City > 50,000 people | {{flagicon|Argentina}} Ushuaia, Argentina | {{coord|54|48|S|68|18|W|type:city|name=Ushuaia, Argentina}} |- | City > 100,000 people | {{flagicon|Chile}} Punta Arenas, Chile | {{coord|53|10|S|70|56|W|type:city|name=Punta Arenas, Chile}} |- | City > 150,000 people | {{flagicon|Argentina}} Comodoro Rivadavia, Argentina | {{coord|45|51|53|S|67|28|51|W|type:city|name=Comodoro Rivadavia, Argentina}} |- | City > 250,000 people | {{flagicon|New Zealand}} Christchurch, New Zealand | {{Coord|43|31|48|S|172|37|13|E|type:city|name=Christchurch, New Zealand}} |- | City > 500,000 people | {{flagicon|Argentina}} Mar del Plata, Argentina | {{coord|38|00|S|57|33|W|type:city|name=Mar del Plata, Argentina}} |- | Metropolitan area > 5,000,000 people | {{flagicon|Australia}} Melbourne, Australia | {{coord|37|48|49|S|144|57|47|E|type:city|name=Melbourne, Australia}} |- | Metropolitan area > 15,000,000 people | {{flagicon|Argentina}} Buenos Aires, Argentina | {{coord|34|36|12|S|58|22|54|W|type:city|name=Buenos Aires, Argentina}} |- | Metropolitan area > 20,000,000 people | {{flagicon|Brazil}} São Paulo, Brazil | {{coord|23|33|06|S|46|38|01|W|type:city|name=São Paulo, Brazil}} |}
==Geography== {| class="wikitable" font-size:95%;" |- ! Item ! Place ! Latitude/longitude |- | Body of water (navigable) | Bay of Whales, Ross Sea | {{Coord|78|30|S|164|20|W|}} |- | Land (excluding Antarctica) | Thule Island, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands | {{coord|59|31|50|S|27|23|50|W|}} |}
===Islands=== {{See also|List of Antarctic and subantarctic islands}} {| class="wikitable" font-size:95%;" |- ! Item ! Place ! Latitude/longitude |- | Any island (above sea level) | Deverall Island | {{Coord|81|28|S|161|54|E}} |- | Any island (with bare rock, not ice-covered) | Ross Island | {{coord|77|50|S|166|40|E}} |- | Any size excluding Antarctica | Thule Island | {{coord|59|27|S|27|18|W}} |- | Island > 10,000 km<sup>2</sup> excluding Antarctica | Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego, Argentina/Chile | {{coord|55|02|S|56|27|W}} |- | Island > 100,000 km<sup>2</sup> | South Island, New Zealand | {{Coord|46|40|S|169|00|E}} |- | Coral atoll | Elizabeth Reef, Australia | {{coord|29|57|S|159|04|E}} |} The southernmost point of Berkner Island is further south than any of these, but its bedrock lies entirely below sea level, with only its ice covering rising above.
== Nature ==
===Animals=== {| class="wikitable" font-size:95%;" |- ! Item ! Place ! Latitude/longitude |- | Bird: South polar skua (''Stercorarius maccormicki'') | seen at the South Pole<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.antarcticconnection.com/antarctic/wildlife/birds/skuas.shtml|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060211065548/http://www.antarcticconnection.com/antarctic/wildlife/birds/skuas.shtml|url-status=usurped|title=Skuas - Wildlife of Antarctica - Antarctic Connection<!-- Bot generated title -->|archive-date=February 11, 2006}}</ref> | {{Coord|90|S|0|E|type:landmark|name=South Pole, Antarctica}} |- |Amphibian: Gray four-eyed frog (''Pleurodema bufoninum'') | Southern tip of South America<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nps.gov/gaar/learn/nature/wood-frog-page-5.htm|title=Amphibians 101 - Gates Of The Arctic National Park & Preserve (U.S. National Park Service)|first1=Mailing Address: 101 Dunkel St Suite 110|last1=Fairbanks|first2=AK 99701 Phone: 907459-3730 Contact|last2=Us|website=www.nps.gov|access-date=2020-03-23|archive-date=2021-03-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301052808/https://www.nps.gov/gaar/learn/nature/wood-frog-page-5.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> | {{Coord|53|54|S|71|18|W|type:landmark|name=Gray four-eyed frog}} |- |Mammal: Weddell seal (''Leptonychotes weddellii'') |Southern Ocean<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=http://www.marinebio.net/marinescience/04benthon/AAmammals.htm|title=Antarctica: Marine Mammals|website=www.marinebio.net|access-date=2020-03-23|archive-date=2020-03-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200323225019/http://www.marinebio.net/marinescience/04benthon/AAmammals.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="auto1">{{Cite journal|title=Perfluoroalkyl substances detected in the world's southernmost marine mammal, the Weddell seal (Leptonychotes weddellii)|first1=Heli|last1=Routti|first2=Bjørn A.|last2=Krafft|first3=Dorte|last3=Herzke|first4=Regina|last4=Eisert|first5=Olav|last5=Oftedal|date=February 1, 2015|journal=Environmental Pollution|volume=197|pages=62–67|doi=10.1016/j.envpol.2014.11.026|pmid=25497307}}</ref> | 80th parallel south |- |Land mammal: Olive grass mouse (''Abrothrix olivacea'') |Hornos Island, Chile<ref>{{Cite news |title=Vive en el país y es el mamífero terrestre más austral del mundo: científicos estudian su increíble adaptación |url=https://www.latercera.com/que-pasa/noticia/vive-en-el-pais-y-es-el-mamifero-terrestre-mas-austral-del-mundo-cientificos-estudian-su-increible-adaptacion/4GTMFMJC7ZGORPDKL5TNF6EYPQ/# |access-date=2024-09-03 |work=Qué Pasa |publisher=La Tercera |language=Spanish|date=2024-07-04}}</ref> | {{Coord|55|56|38.68|S|67|17|21|W|type:landmark|name=Abrothrix|format=dms}} |- |Marsupial: Patagonian opossum (''Lestodelphys halli'') |Estancia La Madrugada, Argentina<ref>Birney, Elmer C.; Monjeau, J. Adrian; Phillips, Carleton J. Sikes, Robert S.; Kim, Iksoo. 1996. Lestodelphys halli: new information on a poorly known Argentine marsupial. ''Mastozoología Neotropical'' 3:171-181.</ref> | {{Coord|-47.1|-66.48361|type:landmark|name=Lestodelphys|format=dms}} |- |Reptile: ''Liolaemus magellanicus'' |Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego<ref name=JaksicRChHN>{{Cite journal |title=Historical account and current ecological knowledge of the southernmost lizard in the world, Liolaemus magellanicus (Squamata: Liolaemidae) |journal=Revista Chilena de Historia Natural |last=Jaksic |first=Fabian M. |issue=7 |volume=95 |doi=10.1186/s40693-022-00112-y |year=2022|article-number=7 |s2cid=252717680 |doi-access=free }}</ref> | {{Coord|-52.382367|-68.409956|type:landmark|name=Liolaemus|format=dms}} |- |Insect: Antarctic midge (''Belgica antarctica'') |Refuge Islands<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271714668|title=Stress tolerance in a polyextremophile: The southernmost insect | Request PDF<!-- Bot generated title -->}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://academic.oup.com/biolinnean/article/23/1/19/2666295|title=A dipteran from south of the Antarctic Circle: Belgica antarctica (Chironomidae) with a description of its larva|first1=Michael B.|last1=Usher|first2=Marion|last2=Edwards|date=September 1, 1984|journal=Biological Journal of the Linnean Society|volume=23|issue=1|pages=19–31|via=academic.oup.com|doi=10.1111/j.1095-8312.1984.tb00803.x|access-date=March 23, 2020|archive-date=March 8, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308013358/https://academic.oup.com/biolinnean/article/23/1/19/2666295|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref> | {{Coord|68|21|S|67|10|W|type:landmark|name=Antarctic midge}} |- |Fish: ''Gymnoscopelus nicholsi'', ''Gymnoscopelus braueri'', ''Electrona antarctica'' |Ross Sea<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/508228/1/Atlas_Chap.7-Duhamel_et_al_2014-F.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2020-03-23 |archive-date=2019-02-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190214181231/http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/508228/1/Atlas_Chap.7-Duhamel_et_al_2014-F.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> | 75th parallel south |}
===Plants=== {| class="wikitable" font-size:95%;" |- ! Item ! Place ! Latitude/longitude |- | Flowering plants (in greenhouses) | Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station, Antarctica<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.azcentral.com/arizonarepublic/business/articles/1110greenhouse10.html |title=UA, Tempe company bring veggies to South Pole<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2006-10-07 |archive-date=2021-10-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211017200704/https://help.azcentral.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref> | {{Coord|90|00|S|139|16|W|type:landmark|name=Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station, Antarctica}} |- | Ferns (''Blechnum penna-marina'', naturally occurring) | Hornos Island, Chile<ref>{{Cite web |title=Blechnum asplenioides (Blechnum asplenioides) |url=https://earthpedia.earth.com/plant-encyclopedia/pteridophytes/blechnaceae/blechnum-asplenioides/ |access-date=2024-10-10 |website=earth.com}}</ref> | {{Coord|55|56|38.68|S|67|16|51|W|type:landmark|name=Hornos Island, Chile}} |- | Grass and flowering plants (naturally occurring) | Terra Firma Islands, Antarctica<ref>{{cite journal|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071214202521/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/data/2001/12/01/html/ft_20011201.1.html|url=http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com:80/ngm/data/2001/12/01/html/ft_20011201.1.html|archive-date=2007-12-14|title=Frozen Under|first=Roff|last=Smith|journal=National Geographic|access-date=2012-06-23|url-status=dead}}</ref> | {{Coord|68|42|S|67|32|W|type:landmark|name=Terra Firma Islands}} |- | Trees (''Nothofagus betuloides'', naturally occurring) | Hornos Island, Chile<ref name="National Geographic">{{cite news|last=Welch|first=Craig|title=The tree at the bottom of the world—and the wind-blasted trek to find it|url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2020/07/journey-to-the-worlds-southernmost-tree/|newspaper=National Geographic|date=July 2020|access-date=July 13, 2020|archive-date=July 14, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200714155713/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2020/07/journey-to-the-worlds-southernmost-tree/|url-status=dead}}</ref> | {{Coord|55|58|S|67|15|W|type:landmark|name=Cape Horn}} |- | Conifers (''Pilgerodendron uviferum'', naturally occurring) | Tierra del Fuego, Chile<ref>{{Cite journal |title=Precarious conservation status of Pilgerodendron uviferum forests in their northern distribution in the Chilean Coastal Range |journal=Bosque |url=https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/1731/173113292012.pdf |last1=Soto |first1=Daniel P. |issue=3 |volume=28 |pages=263–270 |last2=Le Quesne |first2=Carlos |year=2007 |last3=Lara |first3=Antonio |last4=Gardner |first4=Martin F.|doi=10.4067/S0717-92002007000300012 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |title=Genetic variation in the threatened South American conifer Pilgerodendron uviferum (Cupressaceae), detected using RAPD markers |journal=Biological Conservation |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320703000442 |last1=Allnutt |first1=T.R. |issue=2 |volume=114 |pages=245–253 |last2=Newton |first2=A.C. |year=2003 |last3=Premoli |first3=A. |last4=Lara |first4=A.|doi=10.1016/S0006-3207(03)00044-2 |url-access=subscription }}</ref> | {{Coord|54|20|S|70|7|W|type:landmark|name=Tierra del Fuego}} |- | Palms (nikau (''Rhopalostylis sapida''), naturally occurring) | Chatham Islands, New Zealand<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bushmansfriend.co.nz/xurl/PageID/9165/ArticleID/-33868/function/moreinfo/content.html |title=Bushmansfriend: Forest walks, Nature Photography & NZ Flora - Native Plant Information - New Zealand, native trees, natives, shrubs, information<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2006-01-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814151144/http://www.bushmansfriend.co.nz/xurl/PageID/9165/ArticleID/-33868/function/moreinfo/content.html |archive-date=2014-08-14 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | {{Coord|44|02|S|176|26|W|type:landmark|name=Chatham Islands, New Zealand}} |}
==Agriculture== {| class="wikitable" font-size:95%;" |- ! Item ! Place ! Latitude/longitude |- | Cattle farm | Estancia Moat, Tierra del Fuego Province, Argentina<ref>Hoffmann, M. A. (1974). The southernmost cattle exploitation in the world. Development action of the Argentine Army in an isle of Tierra del Fuego. (in Spanish). Anales de la Sociedad Rural Argentina.</ref> | {{Coord|54|58|32|S|66|44|41|W|type:landmark|name=Estancia Moat}} |- | Cherry orchard | Los Antiguos, Santa Cruz Province, Argentina<ref>{{Cite news |title=Los Antiguos: la cereza más austral del mundo |url=https://www.radionacional.com.ar/los-antiguos-la-cereza-mas-austral-del-mundo/ |date=2022-07-22 |access-date=2022-12-02 |work=LRA Radio Nacional |language=Spanish}}</ref> | {{Coord|46|32|30|S|71|39|20|W|type:landmark|name=}} |- | Potato farm | Centro Experimental Kampenaike, Magallanes Region, Chile<ref>{{Cite news |title=Chile: INIA prepara la cosecha más austral de papa semilla certificada |url=https://www.argenpapa.com.ar/noticia/8837-chile-inia-prepara-la-cosecha-mas-austral-de-papa-semilla-certificada |date=2020-04-03 |access-date=2022-12-02 |work=Argenpapa |language=Spanish}}</ref> | {{Coord|52|37|59|S|70|32|41|W|type:landmark|name=}} |- | Rice field | San Nicolás, Ñuble Region, Chile<ref>Paredes, C.M.; Becerra, V.V.; Donoso, Ñ.G.; Cruz, G.M. (2021) Tolerancia al frío en el cultivo del arroz en el mundo. In: Paredes, C.M. (et al. (eds.)) 100 años del cultivo del arroz en Chile en un contexto internacional 1920-2020. Tomo I. Colección Libros INIA no. 40. Chillán (Chile): Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, p. 188-214. {{ISBN|978-956-7016-51-8}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |title=Presente y perspectivas futuras del cultivo del arroz en Chile |date=2020-11-30 |magazine=Mundo Agro |url=https://mundoagro.cl/presente-y-perspectivas-futuras-del-cultivo-del-arroz-en-chile/ |language=Spanish}}</ref> | {{Coord|36.503333|S|72.212222|W|type:landmark|name=San Nicolás|format=dms}} |- | Vineyard | Chile Chico, Aysén Region, Chile<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wip.cl/keoken-hasta-donde-hemos-podido-llegar/|title=Keokén, el viñedo más austral de Chile|website=Wine Independent Press|language=Spanish|access-date=2021-02-06|archive-date=2021-02-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210213165203/https://wip.cl/keoken-hasta-donde-hemos-podido-llegar/|url-status=live}}</ref> | {{Coord|46|32|00|S|71|41|16|W|type:landmark|name=Viñedo experimental}} |}
== Education == {| class="wikitable" font-size:95%;" |- ! Item ! Place ! Latitude/longitude |- | International Baccalaureate school | John McGlashan College, Dunedin, New Zealand<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.ibo.org/en/school/001178/ | title=John McGlashan College | access-date=2017-07-10 | archive-date=2017-11-07 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107023839/http://www.ibo.org/en/school/001178/ | url-status=live }}</ref> | {{Coord|45|51|17|S|170|29|55|E|name=John McGlashan College in Dunedin}} |- | University | National University of Tierra del Fuego, Ushuaia, Argentina<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.untdf.edu.ar |title=Universidad Nacional de Tierra del Fuego » |publisher=UNTDF |access-date=2012-10-31 |archive-date=2020-11-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130174543/http://untdf.edu.ar/ |url-status=live }}</ref> | {{Coord|54|48|57|S|68|19|04|W|type:landmark|name=Ushuaia, Argentina}} |- | Kindergarten | Puerto Williams,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bienestararmada.cl/prontus_bienestar/antialone.html?page=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bienestararmada.cl%2Fprontus_bienestar%2Fsite%2Fartic%2F20071016%2Fpags%2F20071016080826.html |title=: : Dirección de Bienestar de la Armada de Chile : :<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2021-10-17 |archive-date=2016-11-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161114090146/http://www.bienestararmada.cl/prontus_bienestar/antialone.html?page=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bienestararmada.cl%2Fprontus_bienestar%2Fsite%2Fartic%2F20071016%2Fpags%2F20071016080826.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Chile | {{Coord|54|55|59|S|67|37|00|W|type:landmark|name=Kindergarten in Puerto Williams}} |- | Secondary school | Puerto Williams, Chile<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.municipalidadcabodehornos.cl/Paginas/liceo/t_director.htm |title=WWW. Municipalidad Cabo de Hornos. CL |access-date=2009-05-14 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090227061528/http://municipalidadcabodehornos.cl/Paginas/liceo/t_director.htm |archive-date=2009-02-27 }}</ref> | {{Coord|54|55|59|S|67|37|00|W|type:landmark|name=Puerto Williams, Chile}} |- | Primary school | Escuela Nº 38 "Presidente Raúl Ricardo Alfonsín", Esperanza Base, Antarctica<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.marambio.aq/escuela38.html|title=Escuela Nº38 Presidente Raúl Ricardo Alfonsín|website=www.marambio.aq|access-date=2013-11-04|archive-date=2013-11-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104061726/http://www.marambio.aq/escuela38.html|url-status=live}}</ref> | {{Coord|63|24|S|57|00|W|type:landmark|name=Esperanza Base, Antarctica}} |}
== Science and technology == {| class="wikitable" font-size:95%;" |- ! Item ! Place ! Latitude/longitude |- | Astronomical observatory | South Pole Telescope, Antarctica | {{Coord|90|S|0|E|type:landmark|name=South Pole Telescope, Antarctica}} |- | Permanent scientific<br/>research station | Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station, Antarctica | {{Coord|90|S|0|E|type:landmark|name=Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station, Antarctica}} |- | Planetarium | Tūhura Otago Museum, Dunedin, New Zealand<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newshub.co.nz/home/new-zealand/2015/12/worlds-southernmost-planetarium-opens-in-dunedin.html|title=World's southernmost planetarium opens in Dunedin|newspaper=Newshub|via=www.newshub.co.nz|access-date=2020-03-23|archive-date=2020-03-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200323195212/https://www.newshub.co.nz/home/new-zealand/2015/12/worlds-southernmost-planetarium-opens-in-dunedin.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> | {{Coord|45|51|56|S|170|30|38|E|type:landmark|name=Otago Museum}} |- | rowspan=2 | Nuclear power plant | Atucha I, Argentina<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.na-sa.com.ar/centrales |title=Nucleoeléctrica Argentina (in Spanish) |access-date=2009-08-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140326100354/http://www.na-sa.com.ar/centrales |archive-date=2014-03-26 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | {{Coord|33|58|S|59|12|W|type:landmark|name=Atucha I Nuclear Power Plant, Argentina}} |- | Atucha II, Argentina{{citation needed|date=October 2013}} | {{Coord|33|58|S|59|12|W|type:landmark|name=Atucha II Nuclear Power Plant, Argentina}} |}
== Historical sites and archaeological findings ==
{| class="wikitable" font-size:95%;" |- ! Item ! Place ! Latitude/longitude |- | Prehistoric archaeological site | Yaghan people's Cape Horn hunting camp,<ref>{{Cite journal | title=Antiquity announcement: Isla Hornos/Isla Lököshpi| journal=Antiquity| date=October 2022| volume=96| issue=389| pages=1324–1329| doi=10.15184/aqy.2022.91| last1=Buma| first1=Brian| last2=Morello| first2=Flavia| last3=Rodriguez| first3=Karina| last4=Fillol| first4=Alberto Serrano| s2cid=251269854| doi-access=free}}</ref> Chile. | {{Coord|55.97183|S|67.264006|W|type:landmark|name=Isla Hornos, Chile|format=dms}} |}
== Transportation == {| class="wikitable" font-size:95%;" |- ! Item ! Place ! Latitude/longitude |- | Airfield (permanent, no scheduled flights) | Jack F. Paulus Skiway at Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station, Antarctica<!-- Needs no citiation. It is easy to verify the coordinates. The fact that they points to a place 1 km from the South pole makes it unlikely to find a more Southern airfield--> | {{Coord|89|59|22|S|1|00|00|W|type:landmark|name=Jack F. Paulus Skiway, Antarctica}} |- | Seaport/Harbour | Winter Quarters Bay, McMurdo Station, Antarctica<ref>{{cite journal|author=Klein, Andrew G.|author2=Kennicutt, Mahlon C. |author3=Wolff, Gary A. |author4=Sweet, Steve T. |author5=Bloxom, Tiffany |author6=Gielstra, Dianna A. |author7= Cleckley, Marietta |title=The historical development of McMurdo station, Antarctica, an environmental perspective|journal=Polar Geography|year=2008|volume=31|issue=3|pages=119–144|doi=10.1080/10889370802579856|quote=Winter Quarters Bay is the world's southernmost port.|citeseerx=10.1.1.693.1204 |s2cid=128640917 }}</ref> | {{Coord|77|51|S|166|40|E|type:landmark|name=McMurdo Station, Antarctica}} |- |Narrow gauge railway |Dumont d'Urville Station, Antarctica<ref name="Rootes">{{cite book| title = A concise account of Signy Base 'H'| author = David Rootes | publisher = British Antarctic Survey | page=17 | year = 1988 |isbn=085665129X}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Big whales, small engines!| author = Martin Coombs | publisher = Railways of the Far South | url = http://www.railwaysofthefarsouth.co.uk/11cwhaling.html| accessdate = 2022-01-03 }}</ref> The record was previously held by a 1963 installed line at the British Antarctic Survey base at Signy Island.<ref name="Rootes" /> |{{Coord|66|40|S|140|01|E|type:landmark|name=Dumont d'Urville Station, Antarctica}} |- | Airport (permanent, with scheduled flights) | Guardiamarina Zañartu Airport, Puerto Williams, Chile | {{coord|54|56|S|67|37|W|region:CL_type:airport|name=Guardiamarina Zañartu Airport}} |- | International airport | Ushuaia – Malvinas Argentinas International Airport, Ushuaia, Argentina | {{Coord|54|50|S|68|17|W|type:landmark_region:AR|name=Ushuaia – Malvinas Argentinas International Airport}} |- |Traffic light |Hipólito Yrigoyen/Constitución Fueguina, Ushuaia, Argentina |{{Coord|-54.82834|-68.33436|display=inline|format=dms}} |- | Suspension bridge | Bodie Creek Suspension Bridge, Falkland Islands<ref>{{cite web | url=http://text.fostlong-photography.com/Southern-most-Suspension-Bridge | title=Southern most Suspension Bridge | access-date=2017-03-22 | archive-date=2017-03-22 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170322203046/http://text.fostlong-photography.com/Southern-most-Suspension-Bridge | url-status=live }}</ref> | {{Coord|51.853912|S|59.017825|E|type:landmark|name=Bodie Creek Suspension Bridge|format=dms}} |- | Railway | Southern Fuegian Railway (''Ferrocarril Austral Fueguino'') from Ushuaia to the Tierra del Fuego National Park in Argentina<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.trendelfindelmundo.com.ar:443/es|title=Tren del Fin del Mundo Ushuaia Tierra del Fuego Argentina|website=www.trendelfindelmundo.com.ar|access-date=2021-10-17|archive-date=2021-10-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211004054612/https://www.trendelfindelmundo.com.ar/es|url-status=live}}</ref> | {{Coord|54|48|S|68|18|W|type:landmark|name=Ushuaia, Argentina}} |- |Electrified railway |Wellington station, Wellington, New Zealand |{{Coord|41|16|43|S|174|46|51|E|display=inline}} |- | Metro station | Anzac railway station, Melbourne, Australia | {{coord|37|49|59|S|144|58|20|E|type:railwaystation_region:AU-VIC|display=inline}} |- | Tramway system | Christchurch Heritage Tram, Christchurch, New Zealand | {{coord|43|32|07|S|172|38|28|E|type:landmark|name=Christchurch Heritage Tram}} (southernmost point of route) |- | Tramway system (as part of mass transit, excluding heritage routes) | Melbourne, Australia | {{coord|37|54|52|S|145|1|0|E|display=inline}} (southernmost point of route) |- | Trolleybus | Valparaíso, Chile | {{Coord|33|2|46|S|71|36|16|W|display=inline}} |}
== Recreation== === Sport === {| class="wikitable" font-size:95%;" |- ! Item ! Place ! Latitude/longitude |- | Bowling club | Stewart Island Bowling Club, Oban, New Zealand<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bowlsnz.co.nz/Category?Action=View&Category_id=2955 |title=Stewart Island bowling green opened - the world's southernmost green? |access-date=2016-08-23 |archive-date=2016-01-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160131062540/https://www.bowlsnz.co.nz/Category?Action=View&Category_id=2955 |url-status=live }}</ref> | {{coord|46.899224|S|168.128746|E|type:landmark|name=Stewart Island Bowling Club|format=dms}} |- | Ski resort | Cerro Castor, Tierra del Fuego Province, Argentina<ref>[http://revistamagna.com.ar/cerro-castor-esqui-en-el-fin-del-mundo/ Cerro Castor: esquí en el Fin del Mundo] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131217001925/http://revistamagna.com.ar/cerro-castor-esqui-en-el-fin-del-mundo/ |date=2013-12-17 }} Revista Magna.</ref> | {{coord|54|43|S|68|00|W|type:landmark|name=Cerro Castor}} |- | Golf club | Ushuaia Golf Club, Ushuaia, Argentina<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.argentina.travel/en/xp/the-southernmost-golf-course/4252#.V7yq6CPr3q4 |title=At the imposing Patagonian geography, the perfect combination of challenge and contemplation. |access-date=2016-08-23 |archive-date=2016-09-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160913044306/http://www.argentina.travel/en/xp/the-southernmost-golf-course/4252#.V7yq6CPr3q4 |url-status=live }}</ref> | {{coord|54.831183|S|68.417283|W|type:landmark|name=Ushuaia Golf Club|format=dms}} |- | Racing Circuit | Teretonga Park, Invercargill, New Zealand | {{coord|46.44056|S|168.26083|E|type:landmark|name=Teretonga Park|format=dms}} |}
== Religious buildings == {| class="wikitable" font-size:95%;" |- ! Item ! Place ! Latitude/longitude |- | Church (ice-made) | Chapel of Our Lady of the Snows, Belgrano II Base, Antarctica<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.waponline.it/ChurchinAntarctica/tabid/65/Default.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722065855/http://www.waponline.it/ChurchinAntarctica/tabid/65/Default.aspx|url-status=dead|title=Church in ice cave at Belgrano II station, Antarctica|archive-date=July 22, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ejercito.mil.ar/antartico/fotos/BaseBelgrano/pages/Misa_jpg.htm |title=Mass at ice church in Belgrano II Base |access-date=2009-08-24 |archive-date=2008-06-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080627234800/http://www.ejercito.mil.ar/antartico/fotos/BaseBelgrano/pages/Misa_jpg.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> | {{Coord|77|52|S|34|37|W|type:landmark|name=Belgrano II Base, Antarctica}} |- | Church (regular) | Trinity Church, Antarctica (Russian Orthodox Church), King George Island, Antarctica{{Citation needed|date=May 2021}} | {{Coord|62|12|S|58|58|W|type:landmark|name=King George Island, Antarctica}} |- | Mormon church | Puerto Williams, Chile<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.comeuntochrist.org/worship-with-us/nearby-churches|title=Nearby Churches | ComeUntoChrist.org|website=www.comeuntochrist.org|access-date=2020-03-23|archive-date=2020-03-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200328174707/https://www.comeuntochrist.org/worship-with-us/nearby-churches|url-status=live}}</ref> | {{Coord|54|56|S|67|37|W|type:landmark|name=Mormon church of Puerto Williams, Chile}} |- | Cathedral | El Sagrado Corazón, Diocese of Punta Arenas, Punta Arenas, Chile<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.iglesia.cl/puntaarenas/|title=Obispado de Punta Arenas|website=www.iglesia.cl|access-date=2006-07-01|archive-date=2006-06-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060615001517/http://iglesia.cl/puntaarenas/|url-status=live}}</ref> | {{Coord|53|10|S|70|56|W|type:landmark|name=Punta Arenas, Chile}} |- | Hindu temple |Centro Cultural y Templo Hindu, Punta Arenas, Chile<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hinduismtoday.com/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080704133958/http://www.hinduismtoday.com/hpi/2006/8/12.shtml|url-status=dead|title=Hinduism Today Magazine|first=Himalayan|last=Academy|archive-date=July 4, 2008|website=www.hinduismtoday.com}}</ref> | {{Coord|53|10|S|70|56|W|type:landmark|name=Punta Arenas, Chile}} |- | Mosque |Southland Muslim Association, Invercargill, New Zealand<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.islamicfinder.org/getitWorld.php?id=96144 |title=Southland Muslim Association Inc, Invercargill, 9810, New Zealand - Islamic Centers, Masjids Mosques, Muslim Owned Businesses, Islamic Schools and Colleges |publisher=Islamicfinder.org |date=2011-04-20 |access-date=2013-10-19 |archive-date=2013-10-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020071159/http://www.islamicfinder.org/getitWorld.php?id=96144 |url-status=live }}</ref> | {{Coord|46|24|35|S|168|23|20|E|type:landmark|name=Invercargill, New Zealand}} |- | Synagogue | Dunedin Synagogue, Dunedin, New Zealand<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sinai.org.nz/community/archives.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120220065128/http://www.sinai.org.nz/community/archives.html|url-status=dead|title=NZ Jewish Archives - Temple Sinai<!-- Bot generated title -->|archive-date=February 20, 2012}}</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=bAvq5YxwcfkC&dq=Synagogue+southernmost+dunedin&pg=PA83 Google Books] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160114131906/https://books.google.com/books?id=bAvq5YxwcfkC&pg=PA83&lpg=PA83&dq=Synagogue+southernmost+dunedin&source=bl&ots=jvTvz-ZQFT&sig=lge6kTgGlEuC8KvfbxP42-ILVHM&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=7&ct=result |date=2016-01-14 }}: ''The New Zealand Jewish Community'' By Stephen I. Levine</ref> <!-- Wasn't easy finding that out, since the Hamilton NZ temple comes close at 37° 49' 20" S 175° 13' 23" E and it took a bit of searching to discover the exact locations. They're only about 3', or about 3 miles/5 km, apart in the N-S direction. --> | {{Coord|45|52|S|170|30|E|type:landmark|name=Dunedin, New Zealand}} |- | Buddhist stupa | the Enlightenment Stupa at Portobello, Dunedin, New Zealand<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dbc.dharmakara.net/|title=Dhargyey Buddhist Centre Home Page|website=dbc.dharmakara.net|access-date=2020-03-23|archive-date=2020-03-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200323195213/https://dbc.dharmakara.net/|url-status=live}}</ref> | {{Coord|45|51|S|170|39|E|type:landmark|name=Portobello, New Zealand}} |- | Sikh Gurdwara | Dunedin Gurdwara Singh Sabha Trust, former Forbury Park Raceway, Dunedin, New Zealand<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.odt.co.nz/news/dunedin/scripture-shifts-new-gurdwara |title=Scripture shifts to new gurdwara |access-date=2025-06-26 }}</ref> | {{coord|45|54|26.72|S|170|29|47.30|E|region:NZ_type:landmark|name=Dunedin Gurdwara Singh Sabha Trust}} |}
== Shops and service facilities == {| class="wikitable" font-size:95%;" |- ! Item ! Place ! Latitude/longitude |- | Tourist office | Puerto Williams,<ref>[http://www.infohub.com/destinations/south-america/Argentina/Puerto-Williams/] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060130043903/http://www.infohub.com/destinations/south-america/Argentina/Puerto-Williams/|date=January 30, 2006}}</ref> Chile | {{Coord|54|55|59|S|67|37|00|W|type:landmark|name=Puerto Williams, Chile}} |- | Restaurant | Lodge Lakutaia,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://restoran.us/trivia/southern.htm|title=☞ The Most Southern Restaurant in the World / Самые южный ресторан в мире|website=restoran.us|access-date=2007-09-30|archive-date=2007-10-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071029135933/http://restoran.us/trivia/southern.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Puerto Williams, Chile | {{coord|-54.936789|-67.613039|format=dms}} |- | Cinema | Jubany Base, Antarctic Peninsula{{citation needed|date=October 2013}} | {{coord|62|14|S|58|40|W|type:landmark|name=Jubany}} |- | Public post office | Port Lockroy, Goudier Island, Antarctica<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ukaht.org/|title=UKAHT - UKAHT|website=www.ukaht.org|access-date=2020-03-23|archive-date=2020-03-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329101223/https://www.ukaht.org/|url-status=live}}</ref> | {{Coord|64|49|S|63|30|W|type:landmark|name=Port Lockroy, Antarctica}} |- | Bar | Faraday Bar,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://annualadventure.com/southernmost-bar-antarctica/|title=Having A drink At The World's Southernmost Bar|date=March 11, 2016|access-date=March 23, 2020|archive-date=March 23, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200323195214/https://annualadventure.com/southernmost-bar-antarctica/|url-status=usurped}}</ref> Vernadsky Research Base, Antarctica | {{coord|-65.245747|-64.257391|format=dms}} |- | Automated teller machine | McMurdo Station, Antarctica<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://consumerist.com/2010/07/rejoice-penguins-wells-fargo-has-an-atm-in-antartica.html|title=Group|access-date=2010-08-01|archive-date=2010-07-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100727030253/http://consumerist.com/2010/07/rejoice-penguins-wells-fargo-has-an-atm-in-antartica.html|url-status=live}}</ref> | {{Coord|77|51|S|166|40|E|type:landmark|name=McMurdo Station, Antarctica}} |}
===International brand names=== {| class="wikitable" font-size:95%;" |- ! Item ! Place ! Latitude/longitude |- |Mercedes-Benz retailer |Mario Bonetto Rodados y Servicios, Ushuaia, Argentina |{{Coord|-54.80131|-68.28499|format=dms}} |- |Toyota retailer |Celentano Motors, Ushuaia, Argentina |{{Coord|-54.79156|-68.23678|format=dms}} |- |Volkswagen retailer |Ushuaia, Argentina |{{Coord|-54.79077|-68.24022|format=dms}} |- | Mobil petrol station | Invercargill, New Zealand | {{coord|46|25|46|S|168|21|42|E}} <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fuels.esso.co.th/en-th/find-station?latitude1=-46.37451105273903&longitude1=168.29256184082033&latitude2=-46.43369711214521&longitude2=168.4120381591797|title=Find Gas Stations Near Me | Esso Fuel Finder|website=www.fuels.esso.co.th|access-date=2020-03-23|archive-date=2021-10-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211017200708/https://www.fuels.esso.co.th/api/locator/GetAllStoreAmenities?DataSource=RetailGasStations&RegionCode=TH&Customsort=True|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |Tesla retailer |Wigram, Christchurch, New Zealand |{{Coord|-43.54562|172.55936|format=dms}} <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tesla stores in New Zealand |url=https://www.tesla.com/en_US/findus/list/stores/New%20Zealand}}</ref> |- | H&M | Christchurch Central, Christchurch, New Zealand | {{coord|43|32|00|S|172|38|16|E}} <ref>[https://www.hm.com/nz/store-locator] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181009013200/https://www.hm.com/nz/store-locator|date=2018-10-09}} "Store Locator"</ref> |- | Shell petrol station | Blackmans Bay, Tasmania, Australia | {{coord|43|00|00|S|147|19|13|E}} <ref>[https://www.shell.com.au/motorists/fuel-finder.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181009013140/https://www.shell.com.au/motorists/fuel-finder.html|date=2018-10-09}} "Fuel Finder; Gas Station Locator"</ref> |- |Aldi |Wonthaggi, Victoria, Australia |{{Coord|-38.60429|145.59273|format=dms}} |- | 7-Eleven | Rosebud, Victoria, Australia | {{coord|38|21|25|S|144|54|04|E|}} <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.7-eleven.com/locator|title=Find a Store - Find Coffee, Gas, Food & More Nearby | 7-Eleven|website=www.7-eleven.com|access-date=2018-10-08|archive-date=2018-10-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181009013212/https://www.7-eleven.com/locator|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | Apple Store | Westfield Fountain Gate, Narre Warren, Victoria, Australia | {{coord|38|1|7|S|145|18|15|E|}} <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.apple.com/au/retail/fountaingate/|title=Apple Fountain Gate|website=www.apple.com|access-date=2026-03-09|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | ECCO | Moorabbin, Melbourne, Australia | {{coord|37|58|15|S|145|05|21|E}} <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://global.ecco.com:443/en/service/find-a-store|title=Service|website=Ecco|access-date=2021-10-17|archive-date=2021-10-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211006102224/https://global.ecco.com/en/service/find-a-store|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | IKEA | Springvale, Melbourne, Australia | {{coord|37|55|36|S|145|08|36|E}} |- |Zara |Chadstone Shopping Centre, Malvern East, Melbourne, Australia |{{coord|-37.88464|145.08320|format=dms}} |}
====Franchised food brands==== {| class="wikitable" font-size:95%;" |- ! Item ! Place ! Latitude/longitude |- | Hard Rock Cafe | Ushuaia, Argentina | {{coord|-54.806825|-68.3062502|format=dms}} |- | Domino's Pizza | Punta Arenas, Chile | {{coord|-53.138801|-70.889852|format=dms}} |- | KFC | Punta Arenas, Chile<ref>{{Cite web| url=https://global.kfc.com/press-releases/kfc-punta-arenas-the-end-of-the-world-s-bucket-is-here| title=KFC Punta Arenas: The End of the World’s Bucket is Here!| date=2024-10-17| access-date=2025-09-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kentucky.cl/restaurants?catalogueId=1| title=Restaurantes|publisher=KFC Chile|access-date=2025-12-25}}</ref> | {{coord|-53.134721|-70.875589|format=dms}} |- | Wendy's | Punta Arenas, Chile<ref>{{Cite web| url=https://www.wendys.cl/locales|title=Locales|publisher=Wendy's Chile|access-date=2025-12-25}}</ref> | {{coord|-53.131582|-70.909324|format=dms}} |- | Pizza Hut | Invercargill, New Zealand | {{coord|-46.427798|168.361313|format=dms}} |- | Subway | Invercargill, New Zealand | {{coord|-46.427908|168.361736|format=dms}} |- | McDonald's | Invercargill, New Zealand<ref>{{Cite web| url=http://virtualglobetrotting.com/map/southernmost-mcdonalds-in-the-world/| title=Southernmost McDonald's in the world in Invercargill, New Zealand| date=2011-06-16| access-date=2016-02-26| archive-date=2016-03-09| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160309181645/http://virtualglobetrotting.com/map/southernmost-mcdonalds-in-the-world/| url-status=live}}</ref> | {{coord|-46.420921|168.361503|format=dms}} |- | Burger King | Invercargill, New Zealand<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www2.ljworld.com/marketplace/businesses/burger-king-5970/print/ | title=City to hold meetings to discuss plans for upcoming bicycle boulevard projects | access-date=2016-02-26 | archive-date=2016-03-18 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160318004946/http://www2.ljworld.com/marketplace/businesses/burger-king-5970/print/ | url-status=live }}</ref> | {{coord|-46.413267|168.361750|format=dms}} |- | Starbucks | Invercargill, New Zealand<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/southland-times/business/64893344/southern-most-starbucks-draws-tourist-crowds|title=Southern-most Starbucks draws tourist crowds|website=Stuff|access-date=2020-03-23|archive-date=2020-03-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200323195210/https://www.stuff.co.nz/southland-times/business/64893344/southern-most-starbucks-draws-tourist-crowds|url-status=live}}</ref> | {{coord|-46.411950|168.349075|format=dms}} |- |Taco Bell |Dunedin North, Dunedin, New Zealand |{{Coord|-45.86095|170.51238|display=inline|format=dms}} |- |Denny's |Christchurch Central, Christchurch, New Zealand |{{Coord|-43.54034|172.63921|display=inline|format=dms}} |- | Baskin-Robbins | Camberwell, Melbourne, Australia | {{coord|-37.830423|145.056742|format=dms}} |}
==Gardens/parks, zoos and aquaria== {| class="wikitable" font-size:95%;" |- ! Item ! Place ! Latitude/longitude |- | National park | Cabo de Hornos National Park, Tierra del Fuego, Chile | {{Coord|55|49|58|S|67|25|58|W|type:landmark|name=Cabo de Hornos National Park}} |- | Penguin reserve | Magdalena Island Penguin Reserve, Magdalena Island, Magallanes Region, Chile<ref name="Velez 2014 c703">{{cite web | last=Velez | first=Vitoria | title=Global warming a concern at Chile's penguin paradise | website=Phys.org | date=2014-03-17 | url=https://phys.org/news/2014-03-global-chile-penguin-paradise.html | access-date=2023-07-28}}</ref> | {{Coord|52|55|10|S|70|34|34|W}} |- | Aviary | Queens Park Aviary, Invercargill, New Zealand | {{Coord|46|24|13|S|168|21|37|E}} |- | Botanical garden | Jardín Botánico de Ushuaia, Ushuaia, Argentina<ref>{{Cite report |title=Creación del Jardín Botánico de Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina |date=2021-09-09 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/354472909 |last1=Mestre |first1=L. |access-date=2022-11-30 |last2=Caipillán |first2=E. |language=Spanish |last3=Cánepa |first3=L. |last4=Rodríguez |first4=S. |last5=Herrera |first5=M.L. |last6=Fernández |first6=L. |last7=Argañaraz |first7=C.I.}}</ref> | {{Coord|54|47|07|S|68|16|56|W}} |}
== Other == {| class="wikitable" font-size:95%;" |- ! Item ! Place ! Latitude/longitude |- | UNESCO world heritage site (natural) | French Austral Land and Seas<ref>{{Citation|title=Winners & Losers: Episode 4 - UNESCO World Heritage Sites|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3cv_m5RKQVQ|language=en|access-date=2020-04-15|archive-date=2020-02-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200223003830/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3cv_m5RKQVQ&feature=youtu.be|url-status=live}}</ref> |{{Coord|90|00|S|45|00|E|type:landmark|name=Cueva de las Manos, Argentina|display=}} (southernmost Point) |- | UNESCO world heritage site (cultural) | Cueva de las Manos, Argentina<ref name="UNESCO WHL">[https://whc.unesco.org/en/list World Heritage List] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181103112820/http://whc.unesco.org/en/list |date=2018-11-03 }} and List of World Heritage Sites in the Americas</ref> | {{Coord|47|09|S|70|40|W|type:landmark|name=Cueva de las Manos, Argentina}} |- | Skyscraper (>100 m) | Majestic Centre, Wellington, New Zealand | {{Coord|41.288501|S|174.774296|E|type:landmark|name=Majestic Centre|format=dms}} |- | Skyscraper (>150 m) | Capitol Grand, South Yarra, Australia | {{coord|37|50|21.3|S|144|59|42.7|E|type:landmark|name=Melbourne 108|format=dms}} |- | Opera house | Oamaru Opera House, Oamaru, New Zealand | {{Coord|45.0986|S|170.9703|E|type:landmark|name=Oamaru Opera House|format=dms}} |- | High-rise building | Cue Building,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.emporis.com/buildings/1519581/cue-building-invercargill-new-zealand|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210910060302/https://www.emporis.com/buildings/1519581/cue-building-invercargill-new-zealand|url-status=usurped|archive-date=September 10, 2021|title=Cue Building|website=Emporis|language=English|access-date=2022-03-03}}</ref> Invercargill, New Zealand | {{Coord|46.4110|S|168.3493|E|type:landmark|name=Cue Building|format=dms}} |- | Mine | Invierno mine, Riesco Island, Chile<ref>{{Cite web|title = The world's southernmost mines {{!}} MINING.com|url = http://www.mining.com/the-worlds-southernmost-mines/|website = MINING.com|access-date = 2016-01-20|archive-date = 2016-06-27|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160627014854/http://www.mining.com/the-worlds-southernmost-mines/|url-status = live}}</ref> | {{Coord|52|52|12|S|71|37|31|W|type:landmark|name=Mina Invierno}} |- | Brewery |Cerveza Artesanal Beagle, Ushuaia, Argentina<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://draftmag.com/101-beer-experiences-explore-the-edges-of-the-world/|title=101 Beer Experiences: Explore the edges of the world|date=January 18, 2016|website=DRAFT|access-date=March 23, 2020|archive-date=March 1, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301021649/http://draftmag.com/101-beer-experiences-explore-the-edges-of-the-world/|url-status=live}}</ref> | {{Coord|54.789983|S|68.265745|W|type:landmark|name=Cerveza Artesenal Beagle|format=dms}} |- | Lighthouse |Monumental Cabo de Hornos, Hornos Island, Chile<ref>{{Cite rowlett|chls}}</ref> | {{Coord|55|57|54|S|67|13|12|W}} |- | Bell tower | Tokomairiro Presbyterian Church, Milton, New Zealand | {{Coord|46|07|22|S|169|57|25|E|type:landmark|name=Tokomairiro Presbyterian Church}} |- | Place of birth of a human | Esperanza Base, Antarctica (Emilio Marcos Palma in 1978 and seven others) <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/article2859563.ece |title=Times On Line article on Antarctica |access-date=2009-08-24 |archive-date=2019-10-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191016142617/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> | {{Coord|63|24|S|57|00|W|type:landmark|name=Esperanza Base, Antarctica}} |- | Cemetery | Buromskiy Island, Antarctica<ref name=ats>{{cite web|url= http://www.ats.aq/documents/ATCM35/WW/atcm35_ww003_e.pdf|title= List of Historic Sites and Monuments approved by the ATCM (2012)|access-date= 2013-10-25|website= |first= |last= |publisher= Antarctic Treaty Secretariat|year= 2012|archive-date= 2018-12-11|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20181211133327/https://www.ats.aq/documents/ATCM35/WW/atcm35_ww003_e.pdf|url-status= live}}</ref> | {{Coord|66|32|S|93|00|E|type:landmark|name=Buromskiy Island Cemetery}} |}
==See also== {{GeoGroup}} *List of northernmost items *Extreme points of Earth *Extreme points of the Antarctic *List of countries by southernmost point
==References== {{Reflist|30em}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Southernmost Items}} Category:Physical geography Category:Geography of Antarctica Category:Lists of extreme points Category:Geography-related lists of superlatives