{{short description|none}} {{for|posthumous names of monarchs|List of Chinese monarchs}} {{Unreferenced|date=May 2026}} In China, [[posthumous name]]s were conferred upon Emperors, Empresses, and notable officials by the imperial court up until the fall of [[Qing dynasty]] in 1911. The following list is limited to officials. The name is most often used in the combination surname + posthumous name + "gong 公," as appears in all formal references.
During [[Ming dynasty|Ming]] and Qing dynasties, posthumous names of officials were formalized and fixed at two characters. The first character Wen 文 was typically only given to those who had obtained [[Jinshi (imperial examination)|Jinshi]] degree and served in the [[Hanlin Academy]]. Among all posthumous names, Wenzheng 文正 was considered the most prestigious, followed by Wenzhong 文忠, etc.
==Terms used in posthumous names== {{Expand Chinese|谥号#谥法规则|date=April 2023}} The "Rules for Posthumous Names" section of the ''[[Yi Zhou Shu|Lost Book of Zhou]]'' features an elaborate explanation of the terms used in posthumous names. Entries are sorted according to alphabetical order based on [[pinyin]] romanization.
{{legend|green|Praises ({{lang|zh-Hant|上諡}})}} {{legend|blue|Neutral terms ({{lang|zh-Hant|中諡}})}} {{legend|red|Deprecations ({{lang|zh-Hant|下諡}})}}
{| class="wikitable" style="width:1050px;" |- ! style="width:1px;"| ! style="width:50px;"|Term ! style="width:130px;"|Meaning / origin ! style="width:100px;"|Original explanation in [[Classical Chinese]] ! style="width:769px;"|Translated explanation in English |- |rowspan="5" style="background:blue;"| |rowspan="5"|{{lang|zh-Hant|哀}}<br/>{{transliteration|zh|Āi}} |rowspan="5"|"Lamentable" |{{lang|zh-Hant|蚤孤短折曰哀}} |One who loses their spouse and passes away at an early age is called "lamentable" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|恭仁短折曰哀}} |One who is cautious and benevolent but passes away at an early age is called "lamentable" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|德之不建曰哀}} |One who is immoral is called "lamentable" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|遭難已甚曰哀}} |One who experiences tremendous misery is called "lamentable" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|處死非義曰哀}} |One who dies of unnatural causes is called "lamentable" |- |rowspan="16" style="background:green;"| |rowspan="16"|{{lang|zh-Hant|安}}<br/>{{transliteration|zh|Ān}} |rowspan="16"|"Peaceful" |{{lang|zh-Hant|好和不爭曰安}} |One who values peace and does not seek confrontation is called "peaceful" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|兆民寧賴曰安}} |One who brings peace to the society is called "peaceful" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|寬容平和曰安}} |One who is tolerant and gentle is called "peaceful" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|寬裕和平曰安}} |One who is affluent and harmonious is called "peaceful" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|所保惟賢曰安}} |One who respects virtuous individuals is called "peaceful" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|中心宅仁曰安}} |One who is kind and benevolent is called "peaceful" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|修己寧民曰安}} |One who self-cultivates and brings stability to the society is called "peaceful" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|務德不爭曰安}} |One who upholds morality and does not seek confrontation is called "peaceful" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|莊敬盡禮曰安}} |One who is respectful and spares no effort in abiding rituals is called "peaceful" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|敬而有禮曰安}} |One who is respectful and polite is called "peaceful" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|貌肅辭定曰安}} |One who dresses adequately and speaks respectfully is called "peaceful" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|止於義理曰安}} |One who pursues righteousness and principles is called "peaceful" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|恭德不勞曰安}} |One who is courteous and does not trouble others is called "peaceful" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|靜正不遷曰安}} |One who is calm and does not enforce changes wilfully is called "peaceful" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|懿恭中禮曰安}} |One who is courteous and upholds rituals adequately is called "peaceful" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|凝重合禮曰安}} |One who is dignified and abides by proper rituals is called "peaceful" |- |rowspan="2" style="background:green;"| |rowspan="2"|{{lang|zh-Hant|比}}<br/>{{transliteration|zh|Bǐ}} |rowspan="2"|"Emulous" |{{lang|zh-Hant|擇善而從曰比}} |One who learns from and performs kind deeds is called "emulous" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|事君有黨曰比}} |One who identifies with those congenial is called "emulous" |- |rowspan="20" style="background:green;"| |rowspan="20"|{{lang|zh-Hant|成}}<br/>{{transliteration|zh|Chéng}} |rowspan="20"|"Accomplished" |{{lang|zh-Hant|安民立政曰成}} |One who brings peace to the society and establishes principles for politics is called "accomplished" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|刑民克服曰成}} |One who executes law to establish societal order is called "accomplished" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|佐相克終曰成}} |One who assists others and achieves great results is called "accomplished" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|制義克服曰成}} |One who establishes hierarchy and societal order is called "accomplished" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|禮樂明具曰成}} |One who establishes rituals is called "accomplished" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|持盈守滿曰成}} |One who achieves great deeds but remains true to inherent qualities is called "accomplished" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|遂物之美曰成}} |One who achieves beautiful outcomes is called "accomplished" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|通達強立曰成}} |One who is powerful and upright is called "accomplished" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|經德秉德曰成}} |One who is wise, brave, restraint and righteous is called "accomplished" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|民和神福曰成}} |One who brings peace to the society and is worthy of divine protection is called "accomplished" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|道兼聖智曰成}} |One who is wise and conscious is called "accomplished" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|夙夜警戒曰成}} |One who is incessantly prudent is called "accomplished" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|曲直赴禮曰成}} |One who upholds rituals without excuse is called "accomplished" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|仁化純被曰成}} |One who is enlightened and pure is called "accomplished" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|不忘久要曰成}} |One who honors promises is called "accomplished" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|德備禮樂曰成}} |One who is moral and abides by rituals is called "accomplished" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|德見於行曰成}} |One who acts morally is called "accomplished" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|久道化隆曰成}} |One who advocates great enlightenment is called "accomplished" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|內德純備曰成}} |One who is spiritually pure and perfect is called "accomplished" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|坤寧化洽曰成}} |One who is tranquil and enlightened is called "accomplished" |- |rowspan="7" style="background:green;"| |rowspan="7"|{{lang|zh-Hant|誠}}<br/>{{transliteration|zh|Chéng}} |rowspan="7"|"Sincere" |{{lang|zh-Hant|純德合天曰誠}} |One whose purity and morality conform to natural principles is called "sincere" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|從容中道曰誠}} |One who pursues moderation is called "sincere" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|推心御物曰誠}} |One who is honest about treasured thoughts is called "sincere" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|秉德純一曰誠}} |One who is virtuous and pure is called "sincere" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|明信率下曰誠}} |One who leads subordinates with earnest respect is called "sincere" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|肫篤無欺曰誠}} |One who is faithful and truthful is called "sincere" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|實心施惠曰誠}} |One who is genuinely charitable is called "sincere" |- |rowspan="2" style="background:blue;"| |rowspan="2"|{{lang|zh-Hant|沖}}<br/>{{transliteration|zh|Chōng}} |rowspan="2"|"Otiose" |{{lang|zh-Hant|幼少在位曰沖}} |One who reigns at an early age is called "otiose" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|幼少短折曰沖}} |One who passes away at an early age is called "otiose" |- |style="background:green;"| |{{lang|zh-Hant|崇}}<br/>{{transliteration|zh|Chóng}} |"Lofty" |{{lang|zh-Hant|能修其官曰崇}} |One who is competent in fulfilling responsibilities is called "lofty" |- |rowspan="7" style="background:green;"| |rowspan="7"|{{lang|zh-Hant|純}}<br/>{{transliteration|zh|Chún}} |rowspan="7"|"Pure" |{{lang|zh-Hant|中正精粹曰純}} |One who is impartial, upright and unsullied is called "pure" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|見素抱樸曰純}} |One who entrusts venerable individuals with governance and promotes nomocracy is called "pure" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|安危一心曰純}} |One who focuses on creating peace and stability is called "pure" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|志慮忠實曰純}} |One whose aspirations and thoughts are faithful is called "pure" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|至誠無息曰純}} |One whose beliefs are perennial is called "pure" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|內心和一曰純}} |One whose inner thoughts are non-conflicting is called "pure" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|治理精粹曰純}} |One who governs with unsullied intent is called "pure" |- |rowspan="3" style="background:green;"| |rowspan="3"|{{lang|zh-Hant|慈}}<br/>{{transliteration|zh|Cí}} |rowspan="3"|"Merciful" |{{lang|zh-Hant|視民如子曰慈}} |One who regards subjects as sons is called "merciful" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|愛育必周曰慈}} |One who meticulously care and educate is called "merciful" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|撫柔平恕曰慈}} |One who is gentle and benevolent is called "merciful" |- |rowspan="2" style="background:green;"| |rowspan="2"|{{lang|zh-Hant|聰}}<br/>{{transliteration|zh|Cōng}} |rowspan="2"|"Intelligent" |{{lang|zh-Hant|聲入心通曰聰}} |One who is able to comprehend the advice of venerable individuals is called "intelligent" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|邇言必察曰聰}} |One who heeds the advice of those on intimate terms is called "intelligent" |- |rowspan="2" style="background:green;"| |rowspan="2"|{{lang|zh-Hant|達}}<br/>{{transliteration|zh|Dá}} |rowspan="2"|"Unprejudiced" |{{lang|zh-Hant|質直好義曰達}} |One who is upright and righteous is called "unprejudiced" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|疏通中理曰達}} |One who is impartial is called "unprejudiced" |- |style="background:green;"| |{{lang|zh-Hant|大}}<br/>{{transliteration|zh|Dà}} |"Great" |{{lang|zh-Hant|則天法堯曰大}} |One who follows [[Tian|heavenly]] principles and the ways of [[Emperor Yao|Yao]] is called "great" |- |rowspan="2" style="background:green;"| |rowspan="2"|{{lang|zh-Hant|戴}}<br/>{{transliteration|zh|Dài}} |rowspan="2"|"Esteemed" |{{lang|zh-Hant|愛民好治曰戴}} |One who cares for subjects and promotes good governance is called "esteemed" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|典禮不愆曰戴}} |One who abides by rituals and does not err is called "esteemed" |- |rowspan="2" style="background:red;"| |rowspan="2"|{{lang|zh-Hant|蕩}}<br/>{{transliteration|zh|Dàng}} |rowspan="2"|"Dissolute" |{{lang|zh-Hant|好內遠禮曰蕩}} |One who frequently patronizes concubines and does not abide by rituals is called "dissolute" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|狂而無據曰蕩}} |One who is uncultured and unrestrained is called "dissolute" |- |rowspan="4" style="background:blue;"| |rowspan="4"|{{lang|zh-Hant|悼}}<br/>{{transliteration|zh|Dào}} |rowspan="4"|"Mournful" |{{lang|zh-Hant|肆行勞祀曰悼}} |One who behaves wantonly with no regard for rituals is called "mournful" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|中年早夭曰悼}} |One who passes away prematurely is called "mournful" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|恐懼從處曰悼}} |One who is vicious and causes the decline of the state is called "mournful" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|未中早夭曰悼}} |One who passes away at an early age is called "mournful" |- |style="background:green;"| |{{lang|zh-Hant|道}}<br/>{{transliteration|zh|Dào}} |"Principled" |{{lang|zh-Hant|以德化民曰道}} |One who governs with kindness is called "principled" |- |rowspan="27" style="background:green;"| |rowspan="27"|{{lang|zh-Hant|德}}<br/>{{transliteration|zh|Dé}} |rowspan="27"|"Virtuous" |{{lang|zh-Hant|綏柔士民曰德}} |One who appeases the [[Scholar-official|literati]] is called "virtuous" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|諫爭不威曰德}} |One who highlights the mistakes of others and urges their correction but is not haughty is called "virtuous" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|謀慮不威曰德}} |One who is meticulous but not haughty is called "virtuous" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|貴而好禮曰德}} |One who is patrician but not conceited and impertinent is called "virtuous" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|忠和純備曰德}} |One who is loyal, peaceful and pure is called "virtuous" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|綏懷來人曰德}} |One who appeases and shows concern for visitors is called "virtuous" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|強直溫柔曰德}} |One who is unyielding, upright and tender is called "virtuous" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|勤恤民隱曰德}} |One who shows concern for the people's sufferings is called "virtuous" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|忠誠上實曰德}} |One who is loyal and honest is called "virtuous" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|輔世長民曰德}} |One who assists the ruler in governance is called "virtuous" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|寬眾憂役曰德}} |One who is lenient and merciful is called "virtuous" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|剛塞簡廉曰德}} |One who leads a simple and incorrupt life is called "virtuous" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|惠和純淑曰德}} |One who is compassionate and kind is called "virtuous" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|富貴好禮曰德}} |One who is affluent but not conceited and impertinent is called "virtuous" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|功成民用曰德}} |One who accomplishes great deeds for the society is called "virtuous" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|修文來遠曰德}} |One whose civil governance attracts foreigners from afar is called "virtuous" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|睿智日新曰德}} |One who is farsighted and stays abreast of developments is called "virtuous" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|善政養民曰德}} |One who governs ethically and fosters societal stability is called "virtuous" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|尊賢親親曰德}} |One who respects and cherishes exemplary individuals is called "virtuous" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|仁而有化曰德}} |One who is benevolent and enlightened is called "virtuous" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|憂在進賢曰德}} |One who is interested in entrusting venerable individuals with governance is called "virtuous" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|寬栗擾毅曰德}} |One who is generous and persistent is called "virtuous" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|直溫強義曰德}} |One who is upright, gentle and righteous is called "virtuous" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|諫諍不違曰德}} |One who highlights the mistakes of others and urges their correction is called "virtuous" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|周旋中禮曰德}} |One whose actions and grooming conform to rituals is called "virtuous" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|澤及遐外曰德}} |One who bestows grace on uncultured and foreign peoples is called "virtuous" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|懿修罔懈曰德}} |One who behaves morally without negligence is called "virtuous" |- |rowspan="3" style="background:red;"| |rowspan="3"|{{lang|zh-Hant|丁}}<br/>{{transliteration|zh|Dīng}} |rowspan="3"|"Unscrupulous" |{{lang|zh-Hant|述善不克曰丁}} |One who is unfilial is called "unscrupulous" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|述義不悌曰丁}} |One who talks about morality but does not act accordingly is called "unscrupulous" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|迷而不悌曰丁}} |One who does not rectify mistakes is called "unscrupulous" |- |style="background:blue;"| |{{lang|zh-Hant|鼎}}<br/>{{transliteration|zh|Dǐng}} |"Outstanding" |{{lang|zh-Hant|追改前過曰鼎}} |One who identifies and rectifies prior mistakes is called "outstanding" |- |rowspan="17" style="background:green;"| |rowspan="17"|{{lang|zh-Hant|定}}<br/>{{transliteration|zh|Dìng}} |rowspan="17"|"Resolute" |{{lang|zh-Hant|大慮靜民曰定}} |One who ponders the means to achieve socio-psychological stability is called "resolute" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|安民大慮曰定}} |One who ponders the means to achieve socio-economic stability is called "resolute" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|純行不爽曰定}} |One who is morally upright without negligence is called "resolute" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|安民法古曰定}} |One who emulates the ancestors in creating societal stability is called "resolute" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|純行不二曰定}} |One whose actions do not deviate from moral principles is called "resolute" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|追補前過曰定}} |One who makes up for prior mistakes is called "resolute" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|仁能一眾曰定}} |One who treats all with benevolence is called "resolute" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|嗣成武功曰定}} |One who inherits military accomplishments from prior individuals is called "resolute" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|踐行不爽曰定}} |One who performs duties without negligence is called "resolute" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|審於事情曰定}} |One who investigates issues prudently is called "resolute" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|德操純固曰定}} |One whose morality and ethics are unwavering is called "resolute" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|以勞定國曰定}} |One who works tirelessly for national stability is called "resolute" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|克綏邦家曰定}} |One who brings peace to the state is called "resolute" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|靜正無為曰定}} |One who is pure, upright and follows natural principles is called "resolute" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|大應慈仁曰定}} |One who is merciful and benevolent is called "resolute" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|義安中外曰定}} |One who governs morally and brings peace to China and beyond is called "resolute" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|鎮靜守度曰定}} |One who is calm and abides by law is called "resolute" |- |rowspan="8" style="background:green;"| |rowspan="8"|{{lang|zh-Hant|度}}<br/>{{transliteration|zh|Dù}} |rowspan="8"|"Lawful" |{{lang|zh-Hant|心能制義曰度}} |One who is able to render apposite judgment is called "lawful" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|進退可軌曰度}} |One whose actions are legally appropriate is called "lawful" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|守法緯民曰度}} |One who governs based on legal principles is called "lawful" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|從容有常曰度}} |One whose actions are customary is called "lawful" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|禮儀咨善曰度}} |One whose actions are informed by morality is called "lawful" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|寬裕有容曰度}} |One who is magnanimous and welcoming is called "lawful" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|創制垂法曰度}} |One who establishes principles and regulations is called "lawful" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|懿徽足式曰度}} |One whose virtuous actions are models for future generations is called "lawful" |- |rowspan="6" style="background:green;"| |rowspan="6"|{{lang|zh-Hant|端}}<br/>{{transliteration|zh|Duān}} |rowspan="6"|"Upright" |{{lang|zh-Hant|守禮執義曰端}} |One who abides by rituals and moral code is called "upright" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|聖修式化曰端}} |One who self-cultivates according to virtuous principles is called "upright" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|嚴恭蒞下曰端}} |One who leads subordinates with dignity and respect is called "upright" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|恭己有容曰端}} |One who is respectful and magnanimous is called "upright" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|秉心貞靜曰端}} |One who handles issues faithfully and calmly is called "upright" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|守禮自重曰端}} |One who abides by rituals and respects oneself is called "upright" |- |rowspan="6" style="background:green;"| |rowspan="6"|{{lang|zh-Hant|敦}}<br/>{{transliteration|zh|Dūn}} |rowspan="6"|"Altruistic" |{{lang|zh-Hant|善行不怠曰敦}} |One who performs kind deeds without negligence is called "altruistic" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|溫仁忠厚曰敦}} |One who is benevolent and loyal is called "altruistic" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|能記國善曰敦}} |One who is aware of the positive aspects of the state is called "altruistic" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|溫仁厚下曰敦}} |One who is benevolent to subordinates is called "altruistic" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|篤親睦族曰敦}} |One who cultivates harmonious relationships with family members and friends is called "altruistic" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|樹德純固曰敦}} |One whose virtuous behaviors are unwavering is called "altruistic" |- |style="background:red;"| |{{lang|zh-Hant|干}}<br/>{{transliteration|zh|Gàn}} |"Unruly" |{{lang|zh-Hant|犯國之紀曰干}} |One who violates national law is called "unruly" |- |rowspan="8" style="background:green;"| |rowspan="8"|{{lang|zh-Hant|剛}}<br/>{{transliteration|zh|Gāng}} |rowspan="8"|"Undaunted" |{{lang|zh-Hant|追補前過曰剛}} |One who makes up for prior mistakes is called "undaunted" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|強毅果敢曰剛}} |One who is tenacious and courageous is called "undaunted" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|致果殺敵曰剛}} |One who valiantly battles enemies is called "undaunted" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|強而能斷曰剛}} |One who is powerful and not impressionable is called "undaunted" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|自強不息曰剛}} |One who is unwavering in pursuing self-improvement is called "undaunted" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|政刑明斷曰剛}} |One who decisively enforces law and implements punishment is called "undaunted" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|威強不屈曰剛}} |One who does not yield in the face of brutality is called "undaunted" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|強義果敢曰剛}} |One who is righteous and courageous is called "undaunted" |- |rowspan="3" style="background:green;"| |rowspan="3"|{{lang|zh-Hant|高}}<br/>{{transliteration|zh|Gāo}} |rowspan="3"|"High" |{{lang|zh-Hant|德覆萬物曰高}} |One who treats all virtuously is called "high" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|功德盛大曰高}} |One whose merit is lofty is called "high" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|覆幬同天曰高}} |One whose bestowed grace is equivalent to that of the heaven is called "high" |- |style="background:green;"| |{{lang|zh-Hant|革}}<br/>{{transliteration|zh|Gé}} |"Revolutionary" |{{lang|zh-Hant|獻敏成行曰革}} |One who advances proposition is called "revolutionary" |- |style="background:green;"| |{{lang|zh-Hant|公}}<br/>{{transliteration|zh|Gōng}} |"Selfless" |{{lang|zh-Hant|立志及眾曰公}} |One who aspires to serve public interests is called "selfless" |- |rowspan="27" style="background:green;"| |rowspan="27"|{{lang|zh-Hant|恭}}<br/>{{transliteration|zh|Gōng}} |rowspan="27"|"Deferential" |{{lang|zh-Hant|尊賢貴義曰恭}} |One who respects exemplary individuals and prioritizes morality is called "deferential" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|敬事供上曰恭}} |One who is meticulous in actions and respects superiors is called "deferential" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|尊賢敬讓曰恭}} |One who respects exemplary individuals and is modest is called "deferential" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|既過能改曰恭}} |One who rectifies prior mistakes is called "deferential" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|執事堅固曰恭}} |One who is steadfast is called "deferential" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|愛民長弟曰恭}} |One who cares for subjects in the same way as elders care for juniors is called "deferential" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|執禮御賓曰恭}} |One who is courteous to guests is called "deferential" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|芘親之闕曰恭}} |One who tolerates the mistakes of family members is called "deferential" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|尊長讓善曰恭}} |One who respects elders and promotes kindness is called "deferential" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|淵源流通曰恭}} |One who has no desire is called "deferential" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|夙夜敬事曰恭}} |One who works tirelessly is called "deferential" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|知過能改曰恭}} |One who owns up to and rectifies mistakes is called "deferential" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|賢而不伐曰恭}} |One who is proficient but not conceited is called "deferential" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|率事以信曰恭}} |One who assumes good faith while handling issues is called "deferential" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|不懈於位曰恭}} |One who does not neglect duties is called "deferential" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|卑以自牧曰恭}} |One who is modest is called "deferential" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|不懈於德曰恭}} |One who does not neglect the pursuit of morality is called "deferential" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|治典不易曰恭}} |One who does not deviate from national law is called "deferential" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|責難於君曰恭}} |One who does not embarrass and discommode the ruler is called "deferential" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|正德美容曰恭}} |One who behaves virtuously and dresses adequately is called "deferential" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|不懈為德曰恭}} |One who does not neglect moral actions is called "deferential" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|正己接物曰恭}} |One who treats others with respect is called "deferential" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|昭事不忒曰恭}} |One who is diligent and does not err is called "deferential" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|勤恤民隱曰恭}} |One who is attentive to people's sufferings is called "deferential" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|莊以蒞下曰恭}} |One who treats subordinates with dignity is called "deferential" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|謙和不懈曰恭}} |One who is modest, gentle and not negligent is called "deferential" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|遜順事上曰恭}} |One who is modest and obedient to elders is called "deferential" |- |rowspan="4" style="background:green;"| |rowspan="4"|{{lang|zh-Hant|光}}<br/>{{transliteration|zh|Guāng}} |rowspan="4"|"Brilliant" |{{lang|zh-Hant|功格上下曰光}} |One whose accomplishments rival that of heaven and [[Di (Chinese concept)|earth]] is called "brilliant" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|能紹前業曰光}} |One who is worthy of succeeding the achievements of ancestors is called "brilliant" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|居上能謙曰光}} |One who accomplishes greater feats than predecessors but remains modest is called "brilliant" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|功烈耿著曰光}} |One whose accomplishments are meritorious and noteworthy is called "brilliant" |- |rowspan="2" style="background:green;"| |rowspan="2"|{{lang|zh-Hant|廣}}<br/>{{transliteration|zh|Guǎng}} |rowspan="2"|"Magnificent" |{{lang|zh-Hant|美化及遠曰廣}} |One whose great deeds have far-reaching impact is called "magnificent" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|所聞能行曰廣}} |One who is competent in emulating all things is called "magnificent" |- |rowspan="3" style="background:green;"| |rowspan="3"|{{lang|zh-Hant|果}}<br/>{{transliteration|zh|Guǒ}} |rowspan="3"|"Motivated" |{{lang|zh-Hant|好力致勇曰果}} |One who is vigorous and courageous is called "motivated" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|好學近智曰果}} |One who is studious is called "motivated" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|臨事善斷曰果}} |One who is decisive in handling issues is called "motivated" |- |style="background:green;"| |{{lang|zh-Hant|暠}}<br/>{{transliteration|zh|Hào}} |"Bright" |{{lang|zh-Hant|綜善典法曰暠}} |One who is familiar with ordinances and regulations is called "bright" |- |rowspan="7" style="background:green;"| |rowspan="7"|{{lang|zh-Hant|和}}<br/>{{transliteration|zh|Hé}} |rowspan="7"|"Moderate" |{{lang|zh-Hant|不剛不柔曰和}} |One who is neither overly unrelenting nor lenient is called "moderate" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|推賢讓能曰和}} |One who promotes venerable individuals and yields to qualified individuals is called "moderate" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|柔遠能邇曰和}} |One who wins over the people and treats them virtuously is called "moderate" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|號令悅民曰和}} |One whose policies confer satisfaction to the people is called "moderate" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|敦睦九族曰和}} |One who cultivates harmonious relationships among members of the [[Chinese kinship#Nine grades of relations|nine grades of relations]] is called "moderate" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|懷柔胥洽曰和}} |One who appeases and cultivates harmonious relationships among the people is called "moderate" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|溫厚無苛曰和}} |One who is good-natured and does not treat others ruthlessly is called "moderate" |- |rowspan="3" style="background:green;"| |rowspan="3"|{{lang|zh-Hant|厚}}<br/>{{transliteration|zh|Hòu}} |rowspan="3"|"Kind" |{{lang|zh-Hant|思慮不爽曰厚}} |One who considers meticulously and is uncorrupted is called "kind" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|強毅敦樸曰厚}} |One who perseveres in maintaining honesty and simplicity is called "kind" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|敦仁愛眾曰厚}} |One who is good-natured and shows care for others is called "kind" |- |rowspan="3" style="background:green;"| |rowspan="3"|{{lang|zh-Hant|胡}}<br/>{{transliteration|zh|Hú}} |rowspan="3"|"Long-lived" |{{lang|zh-Hant|彌年壽考曰胡}} |One who lives to old age is called "long-lived" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|保民耆艾曰胡}} |One who ensures societal stability and the welfare of the elders is called "long-lived" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|保民畏懼曰胡}} |One who protects the people from terror is called "long-lived" |- |rowspan="6" style="background:blue;"| |rowspan="6"|{{lang|zh-Hant|懷}}<br/>{{transliteration|zh|Huái}} |rowspan="6"|"Yearned" |{{lang|zh-Hant|執義揚善曰懷}} |One who persists in performing moral deeds is called "yearned" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|慈仁短折曰懷}} |One who is benevolent but passes away at an early age is called "yearned" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|慈仁知節曰懷}} |One who is benevolent and understands etiquette is called "yearned" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|失位而死曰懷}} |One who loses the rightful position and passes away as a result is called "yearned" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|慈仁哲行曰懷}} |One who is benevolent and behaves rationally is called "yearned" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|民思其惠曰懷}} |One whose good deeds are remembered by the people is called "yearned" |- |rowspan="8" style="background:green;"| |rowspan="8"|{{lang|zh-Hant|桓}}<br/>{{transliteration|zh|Huán}} |rowspan="8"|"Fabled" |{{lang|zh-Hant|闢土服遠曰桓}} |One who expands the territories and pacifies those living afar is called "fabled" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|克敬勤民曰桓}} |One who is respectful and serves the people diligently is called "fabled" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|闢土兼國曰桓}} |One who expands the territories and conquers other states is called "fabled" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|武定四方曰桓}} |One who pacifies the world through military might is called "fabled" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|克亟成功曰桓}} |One who repeatedly resolves problems is called "fabled" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|克敵服遠曰桓}} |One who defeats enemies and pacifies those living afar is called "fabled" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|能成武志曰桓}} |One who achieves military aspirations is called "fabled" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|壯以有力曰桓}} |One who is powerful and mighty is called "fabled" |- |rowspan="6" style="background:red;"| |rowspan="6"|{{lang|zh-Hant|荒}}<br/>{{transliteration|zh|Huāng}} |rowspan="6"|"Unrestrained" |{{lang|zh-Hant|凶年無榖曰荒}} |One who rules over a period of no harvest is called "unrestrained" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|外內從亂曰荒}} |One who induces external threats and internal rebellions is called "unrestrained" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|好樂怠政曰荒}} |One who indulges in pleasures and neglects governance is called "unrestrained" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|昏亂紀度曰荒}} |One who disregards established rules is called "unrestrained" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|從樂不反曰荒}} |One who indulges in pleasures and shows no sign of reflection is called "unrestrained" |- |{{lang|zh-Hant|狎侮五常曰荒}} |One who is frivolous and disregards moral principles is called "unrestrained" |- |style="background:green;"| |{{lang|zh-Hant|徽}}<br/>{{transliteration|zh|Huī}} |"Wonderful" |{{lang|zh-Hant|元德充美曰徽}} |One who is moral and exhibits sagely characteristics is called "wonderful" |}
==Wen 文==
*Wen 文 **[[Han Yu]] 韓愈 **[[Bai Juyi]] 白居易 **[[Wang Anshi]] 王安石 **[[Zhu Xi]] 朱熹 *Wencheng 文成 **[[Liu Bowen|Liu Ji]] 劉基 **[[Wang Yangming]] 王阳明 *Wending 文定 **[[Liu Kezhuang]] 劉克莊 **[[Shen Shixing]] 申時行 **[[Xu Guangqi]] 徐光啟 *Wenhe 文和 **[[Zhang Tingyu]] 張廷玉 *Wenmin 文敏 **[[Zhao Mengfu]] 趙孟頫 **[[Dong Qichang]] 董其昌 *Wenxiang 文襄 **[[Zuo Zongtang]] 左宗棠 **[[Zhang Zhidong]] 張之洞 *Wenzhen 文貞 **[[Wei Zheng]] 魏徵 **[[Xu Jie (Ming Dynasty)|Xu Jie]] 徐階 *Wenzheng 文正 **[[Fan Zhongyan]] 范仲淹 **[[Sima Guang]] 司馬光 **[[Xu Heng]] 許衡 **[[Wu Cheng (philosopher)|Wu Cheng]] 吳澄 **[[Li Dongyang]] 李東陽 **[[Xie Qian]] 謝遷 **[[Zeng Guofan]] 曾國藩 *Wenzhong 文忠 **[[Ouyang Xiu]] 歐陽修 **[[Su Shi]] 蘇軾 **[[Zhang Juzheng]] 張居正 **[[Lin Zexu]] 林則徐 **[[Li Hongzhang]] 李鴻章
==Wu 武==
*Wumu 武穆 **[[Yue Fei]] 岳飛 *Wuning 武寧 **[[Xu Da]] 徐達 *Wulie 武烈 **[[Sun Jian]] 孫堅
==Others==
*Zhongsu 忠肅 **[[Yu Qian]] 于謙 *Zhongwu 忠武 **[[Zhuge Liang]] 諸葛亮 **[[Han Shizhong]] 韓世忠 **[[Chang Yuchun]] 常遇春 **[[Yi Sun-sin]] 李舜臣 *Zhongzheng 忠正 **[[Shi Kefa]] 史可法
[[Category:Cultural history of China]]