Liqu — Mediated Wiki

{{Infobox settlement | name = Liqu | subdivision_name2 = Yan'an | population_as_of = 2010 | population_total = 21167 | area_total_km2 = 136 | pushpin_map = China | coordinates = {{coord|36|40|17|N|109|36|23|E}} | subdivision_name3 = Baota District | subdivision_name1 = Shaanxi | native_name = 李渠镇 | subdivision_name = China | subdivision_type3 = District | subdivision_type2 = Prefecture-level city | subdivision_type1 = Province | subdivision_type = Country | settlement_type = Town | native_name_lang = zh | population_density_km2 = auto }}

'''Liqu''' ({{Lang-zh|s=李渠镇|t=李渠鎮|p=Lǐqú Zhèn}}) is a town in Baota District, Yan'an, Shaanxi, China.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020|title=|script-title=zh:2020年统计用区划代码（宝塔区）|trans-title=2020 Statistical Division Codes (Baota District)|url=http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/tjbz/tjyqhdmhcxhfdm/2020/61/06/610602.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210811153117/http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/tjbz/tjyqhdmhcxhfdm/2020/61/06/610602.html|archive-date=2021-08-11|access-date=2021-10-16|publisher=National Bureau of Statistics of China|language=zh}}</ref> Liqu is located in the northeast of central Baota District, bordered by {{Interlanguage link|Fengzhuang Township, Shaanxi|lt=Fengzhuang Township|zh|冯庄乡 (延安市)}} to its north, {{Interlanguage link|Chuankou, Yan'an|lt=Chuankou|zh|川口镇 (延安市)}} to its south, {{Interlanguage link|Yaodian, Shaanxi|lt=Yaodian|zh|姚店镇}} to its east, and Qiaogou Subdistrict to its west.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=2012-03-21|title=|script-title=zh:李渠镇|trans-title=Liqu|url=http://www.xzqh.org/html/show/sn/28431.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210921013843/http://www.xzqh.org/html/show/sn/28431.html|archive-date=2021-09-21|access-date=2021-10-16|website=www.xzqh.org|language=zh}}</ref> The town spans an area of {{Convert|136|km2|mi2}},<ref name=":1" /> and has a population of 21,167 according to the 2010 Chinese census.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|date=2015-06-30|title=|script-title=zh:宝塔区历史沿革（第二页）|trans-title=Baota District Organizational History (Page Two)|url=http://www.xzqh.org/html/show/sn/27693_2.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109203734/http://www.xzqh.org/html/show/sn/27693_2.html|archive-date=2021-01-09|access-date=2021-10-16|website=www.xzqh.org|language=zh}}</ref>

== History == After Liu Bobo established the Great Xia dynasty in 407 CE, he built the ancient city of Fenglin ({{Lang-zh|s=丰林|t=豐林|p=Fēnglín}}), which was located in present-day Zhoujiawan Village ({{Lang-zh|link=no|c=周家湾村}}) in Liqu.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|date=1994-12-01|title=|script-title=zh:延安市志|trans-title=Yan'an City Records|url=http://dfz.shaanxi.gov.cn/sqzlk/xbsxz/sxdylpdf/yas_16203/201610/P020161026441935626528.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210920025642/http://dfz.shaanxi.gov.cn/sqzlk/xbsxz/sxdylpdf/yas_16203/201610/P020161026441935626528.pdf|archive-date=2021-09-20|access-date=2021-09-19|website=dfz.shaanxi.gov.cn|publisher=Shaanxi Provincial Local History Office|language=zh}}</ref>{{Rp|page=7}} Fenglin's location, on a mountainous terrace north of the Yan River, made the city easy to defend.<ref name=":3" />{{Rp|page=535}} Fenglin was a Walled City, and the city's walls were approximately {{Convert|9|m|ft}} high and anywhere between {{Convert|3|cm|in}} to {{Convert|30|cm|in}} thick.<ref name=":3" />{{Rp|page=616}} Song dynasty scientist Shen Kuo called the city as dense as a stone, and noted how difficult it would be to attack the city.<ref name=":3" />{{Rp|page=616}} The city was colloquially known as Helian City ({{Lang-zh|s=赫连城|t=赫連城|p=Hèlián chéng}}), after Liu Bobo's alternative name Helian Bobo.<ref name=":3" />{{Rp|page=7}} In 577 CE, Fenglin County ({{Lang-zh|s=丰林县|t=豐林縣|p=Fēnglín Xiàn}}) was established, and was seated in the city of Fenglin.<ref name=":3" />{{Rp|page=46}} Song dynasty general Di Qing once renovated it.<ref name=":3" />{{Rp|page=616}} The county existed intermittently until 1072, when it was abolished by Emperor Shenzong of Song and demoted to a town.<ref name=":3" />{{Rp|page=46}} Today, the site of Fenglin is used as farmland.<ref name=":3" />{{Rp|page=616}}

In 1972 the people's communes of Liqu and Nianzhuang ({{Lang-zh|link=no|c=碾庄}}) were established.<ref name=":1" /> In 1984, the people's communes were abolished, and Liqu was re-established as a town, and Nianzhuang was re-established as a township.<ref name=":1" />

By 1996, Liqu spanned an area of {{Convert|82|km2|mi2}}, and had a population of approximately 16,000.<ref name=":1" /> That same year, Nianzhuang Township had a total area of {{Convert|54|km2|mi2}}, and a population of about 5,000.<ref name=":1" />

In 2001, Nianzhuang Township was merged into Liqu.<ref name=":1" />

== Geography == Liqu is located in the northeast of central Baota District, bordered by {{Interlanguage link|Fengzhuang Township, Shaanxi|lt=Fengzhuang Township|zh|冯庄乡 (延安市)}} to its north, {{Interlanguage link|Chuankou, Yan'an|lt=Chuankou|zh|川口镇 (延安市)}} to its south, {{Interlanguage link|Yaodian, Shaanxi|lt=Yaodian|zh|姚店镇}} to its east, and Qiaogou Subdistrict to its west.<ref name=":1" />

The Yan River flows through the town.<ref name=":3" />{{Rp|page=62}}

From the mid-1980s throughout the 2010s, there was an increase in forested land throughout much of rural Liqu,<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal |last1=Li |first1=Yi |last2=Li |first2=Yurui |last3=Fang |first3=Bin |last4=Qu |first4=Lulu |last5=Wang |first5=Chongjing |last6=Li |first6=Wubo |date=2021-08-01 |title=Land Use Change and Farmers' Sense of Place in Typical Catchment of the Loess Hilly and Gully Region of China |journal=Land |language=en |volume=10 |issue=8 |pages=810 |doi=10.3390/land10080810 |issn=2073-445X |doi-access=free }}</ref>{{Rp|page=7}} largely driven by a decrease in cropland,<ref name=":4" />{{Rp|page=7}} which itself is a product of a decrease in the area's rural working-age population.<ref name=":4" />{{Rp|page=8}}

== Administrative divisions == Liqu administers 2 residential communities and 24 administrative villages.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2020|title=|script-title=zh:2020年统计用区划代码和城乡划分代码（李渠镇）|trans-title=2020 Statistical Division Codes and Urban-Rural Division Codes (Liqu)|url=http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/tjbz/tjyqhdmhcxhfdm/2020/61/06/02/610602103.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211017003254/http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/tjbz/tjyqhdmhcxhfdm/2020/61/06/02/610602103.html|archive-date=2021-10-17|access-date=2021-10-16|publisher=National Bureau of Statistics of China|language=zh}}</ref>

=== Residential communities === The town's 2 residential communities are as follows:<ref name=":0" />

* Jingqu Community ({{Lang-zh|link=no|c=井渠社区}}) * Yangshan Community ({{Lang-zh|link=no|c=阳山社区}})

=== Administrative villages === The town's 24 administrative villages are as follows:<ref name=":0" />

* Dongcun Village ({{Lang-zh|c=东村村|l=east village}}) * Xicun Village ({{Lang-zh|c=西村村|l=west village}}) * Zhoujiawan Village ({{Lang-zh|link=no|c=周家湾村}}) * Chaiya Village ({{Lang-zh|link=no|c=柴崖村}}) * Miaogou Village ({{Lang-zh|link=no|c=庙沟村}}) * Gaomaowan Village ({{Lang-zh|link=no|c=高峁湾村}}) * Zhujiagou Village ({{Lang-zh|link=no|c=朱家沟村}}) * Yaliping Village ({{Lang-zh|link=no|c=崖里坪村}}) * Goumen Village ({{Lang-zh|link=no|c=沟门村}}) * Yangshan Village ({{Lang-zh|link=no|c=阳山村}}) * Zhangzhuang Village ({{Lang-zh|link=no|c=张庄村}}) * Zhongzhuang Village ({{Lang-zh|link=no|c=中庄村}}) * Lijiagou Village ({{Lang-zh|link=no|c=李家沟村}}) * Wangzhuang Village ({{Lang-zh|link=no|c=王庄村}}) * Caojiagou Village ({{Lang-zh|link=no|c=曹家沟村}}) * Hujiapo Village ({{Lang-zh|link=no|c=呼家坡村}}) * Lijiagou Village ({{Lang-zh|link=no|c=刘家沟村}}) * Shagelao Village ({{Lang-zh|link=no|c=沙圪崂村}}) * Nianzhuang Village ({{Lang-zh|link=no|c=碾庄村}}) * Yangxingzhuang Village ({{Lang-zh|link=no|c=杨兴庄村}}) * Liuzhuang Village ({{Lang-zh|link=no|c=刘庄村}}) * Wangjiabian Village ({{Lang-zh|link=no|c=王家砭村}}) * Shuangtian Village ({{Lang-zh|link=no|c=双田村}}) * Zhangxingzhuang Village ({{Lang-zh|link=no|c=张兴庄村}})

== Demographics == According to the 2010 Chinese census, Liqu has a population of 21,167.<ref name=":2" />

A 2008 survey put the town's population at about 28,000 residents living in 5,360 households.<ref name=":1" /> Of this, 16,863 people lived in 4,110 agricultural households, 6,158 people lived in 1,328 non-agricultural households, and 4,979 or so people were found to be temporary residents.<ref name=":1" />

The 2000 Chinese census recorded a population of 17,343 in the town.<ref name=":2" />

A 1996 estimate put Liqu's population at approximately 16,000.<ref name=":1" /> Nianzhuang Township ({{Lang-zh|link=no|c=碾庄乡}}), which would be merged into Liqu in 2001, had a population of about 5,000 in 1996, giving the combined area a total population of about 21,000.<ref name=":1" />

== Economy == Through the 1990s into the 21st century, as China's economy grew rapidly, an increasing amount of Liqu's residents migrated elsewhere for work, particularly younger working-age people.<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |last1=Cao |first1=Zhi |last2=Liu |first2=Yansui |last3=Li |first3=Yurui |date=2022-07-01 |title=Rural transition in the loess hilly and gully region: From the perspective of "flowing" cropland |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S074301671830175X |journal=Journal of Rural Studies |volume=93 |pages=326–335 |doi=10.1016/j.jrurstud.2019.04.003 |s2cid=191842058 |issn=0743-0167|url-access=subscription |doi-access=free }}</ref>{{Rp|pages=5–6}} Income for those who work in Liqu is generally lower than for those who migrate elsewhere.<ref name=":5" />{{Rp|pages=|page=6}}

Beginning in the late 20th century, local agriculture began to shift from primarily Vegetables, and towards increased maize growing.<ref name=":5" />{{Rp|pages=5–6}}

== Transportation == The Shenmu–Yan'an railway passes through Liqu.<ref name=":1" /> {{Interlanguage link|Yan'an North railway station|zh|延安北站}} is located in the town.<ref name=":1" />

National Highway 210 also passes through Liqu.<ref name=":1" />

The town was located {{Convert|1.5|km|mi}} away from the now-defunct Yan'an Ershilipu Airport.<ref name=":1" /> The region is now served by Yan'an Nanniwan Airport.<ref name=":1" />

==References== {{reflist}}

Category:Baota District Category:Township-level divisions of Shaanxi Category:Towns in China