Line 1 (Madrid Metro)

{{short description|Rapid transit line of the Madrid Metro}} {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}} {{Infobox rail line | box_width = | name = {{rint|madrid|1}} Line 1 | other_name = | native_name = Línea 1 | native_name_lang = es | color = {{rail color|Madrid Metro|1}} | logo = File:MetroMadridLogo.svg | logo_width = 100px | logo_alt = | image = Madrid - Metro - Estación de Pinar de Chamartín (7190952974).jpg | image_width = | image_alt = Terminal at Pinar de Chamartín | caption = Terminal at [[Pinar de Chamartín (Madrid Metro)|Pinar de Chamartín]] | type = [[Rapid transit]] | system = [[Madrid Metro]] | status = | locale = [[Madrid]] | start = [[Pinar de Chamartín (Madrid Metro)|Pinar de Chamartín]] | end = [[Valdecarros (Madrid Metro)|Valdecarros]] | stations = 33 | routes = | daily_ridership = | ridership2 = 7.5 million monthly trips | planopen =  | open = {{Start date and age|1919|10|31|df=y}} | lastextension = 2007 | yearcommenced =  | yearcompleted =  | close =  | event1label = | event1 = | event2label = | event2 = | event3label = | event3 = | owner = [[Consorcio Regional de Transportes de Madrid|CRTM]] | operator = [[Consorcio Regional de Transportes de Madrid|CRTM]] | character = Underground | depot = | stock = [[Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles|CAF]] 2000-A | linelength_km = 23.876 | tracklength_km = | tracks = | gauge = {{RailGauge|1445mm|lk=on}} | old_gauge = | load_gauge = | minradius = | racksystem = | routenumber = | linenumber = | electrification = | speed_km/h = | signalling = | elevation_m = | website = {{URL|www.metromadrid.es/en/linea/linea-1}} | map = {{Line 1 (Madrid Metro)}} | map_state = collapsed | embedded = }} [[Image:Madrid Metro Line 1.svg|right|thumb|upright=1.1|Map of the line 1.]]

'''Line 1''' of the [[Madrid Metro]] is an underground metro line running from [[Pinar de Chamartín (Madrid Metro)|Pinar de Chamartín]] in the north to [[Valdecarros (Madrid Metro)|Valdecarros]] in the southeast, via [[Sol (Madrid Metro)|Sol]]. Today it has 33 stations (more than any other line on the Madrid Metro) and spans {{convert|24|km|mi|1|abbr=on}} from end to end.

The line was the first metro line of the Madrid Metro, and the first metro line built in all of Spain. It originally contained only 8 stops connecting [[Cuatro Caminos (Madrid Metro)|Cuatro Caminos]] in the north to the city center at [[Sol (Madrid Metro)|Puerta del Sol]]. Line 1 marks the start of the Madrid Metro with its inauguration on 17 October 1919 and public service beginning 14 days later on 31 October.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.metromadrid.es/en/conocenos/quienes_somos/Historia/1919.html |title=History 1919 |access-date=5 July 2015 |website=Metro Madrid |archive-date=16 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180616130513/https://www.metromadrid.es/en/conocenos/quienes_somos/Historia/1919.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> There have been various extensions to the line since it opened including the most recent northern extension to Pinar de Chamartin on 11 April 2007 and a southern extension on 16 May 2007 to Valdecarros.

Line 1 is the second busiest line on the Madrid Metro, behind [[Line 6 (Madrid Metro)|Line 6]], with more than 7.5 million monthly trips.

==History== ===Original line and pre-war extensions=== [[File:Historia del Metro de Madrid-Cartografico 1919.svg|thumb|left|The original Madrid Metro in 1919]] The Line 1 was the first line of the Madrid Metro, and was inaugurated on 17 October 1919. It was opened to the public on 31 October 1919. It originally ran from {{MdM|Cuatro Caminos}} and {{MdM|Sol}}, containing 6 intermediate stops: [[Gran Vía (Madrid Metro)|Red de San Luis]] (now Gran Vía), [[Tribunal (Madrid Metro)|Hospicio]] (now Tribunal), [[Bilbao (Madrid Metro)|Bilbao]], [[Chamberí (Madrid Metro)|Chamberí]], [[Iglesia (Madrid Metro)|Martinez Campos]] (now Iglesia), and [[Ríos Rosas (Madrid Metro)|Ríos Rosas]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.metromadrid.es/en/conocenos/quienes_somos/Historia/1919.html |title=History |website=madridmetro.es |publisher=Metro de Madrid |access-date=16 November 2017 |archive-date=16 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180616130513/https://www.metromadrid.es/en/conocenos/quienes_somos/Historia/1919.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The original line was extended from Sol to [[Estación del Arte (Madrid Metro)|Atocha]] in 1921, then further to {{MdM|Puente de Vallecas}} in 1923.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.metromadrid.es/en/conocenos/quienes_somos/Historia/album.html?action=detail&image=1 |title=Map of the network 1925 |website=Metro Madrid |access-date=5 July 2015 |archive-date=16 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180716171145/https://www.metromadrid.es/en/conocenos/quienes_somos/Historia/album.html?action=detail&image=1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> It was extended from Cuatro Caminos to {{MdM|Tetuán}} in 1929.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.metromadrid.es/en/conocenos/quienes_somos/Historia/album.html?action=detail&image=2 |title=Map of the network 1932 |website=Metro Madrid |access-date=5 July 2015 |archive-date=16 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180716140643/https://www.metromadrid.es/en/conocenos/quienes_somos/Historia/album.html?action=detail&image=2 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===During Franquismo=== The line was expanded from Tetuán to {{MdM|Plaza de Castilla}} in 1961, and from Puente de Vallecas to {{MdM|Portazgo}} in 1962.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.metromadrid.es/en/conocenos/quienes_somos/Historia/album.html?action=detail&image=5 |title=Map of the network 1964 |website=Metro Madrid |access-date=5 July 2015 |archive-date=16 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180716140640/https://www.metromadrid.es/en/conocenos/quienes_somos/Historia/album.html?action=detail&image=5 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

From 1964 to 1966, station platforms were extended from {{Convert|60|m|ftin}} to {{Convert|90|m|ftin}} in order to allow 6-car trains, due to heavy increasing passenger flow. This resulted in the closing of Chamberí station, whose platforms could not be lengthened due to it being located on a sharp curve near Iglesia station. The old Chamberí station, however, was reopened to the public in 2008 as part of the Madrid Metro's {{MdM|Platform 0}} project, now functioning primarily as a historic exhibition.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.metromadrid.es/es/quienes-somos/anden-cero|title=Andén Cero|website=Metro de Madrid|language=es|access-date=2019-09-03}}</ref>

===Recent improvements=== In recent years, the line has been extended both north and south. Firstly, in 1988 {{MdM|Atocha Renfe}} was added between the stations of Atocha and Menéndez Pelayo to serve the new long-distance rail station of Atocha. On 1 April 1994, it was extended from Portazgo to Miguel Hernández and on 4 March 1999 from Miguel Hernández to Congosto.

In 2007, the line was extended to Pinar de Chamartín in two stages. First, on 30 March 2007, the line was extended from Plaza de Castilla to Chamartín, which provides interchange with Line 10 and Renfe services. The new metro complex has line 1 and in the future, line 11 on the lower level and line 10 on the upper level. On 11 April 2007 the extension to Pinar de Chamartín was completed. Here, there is interchange available to Line 4. There are two side platforms for arrivals and an island platform for departures. In May 2007, interchange to Metro Ligero 1 was available, which terminates one level higher.

On 16 May 2007, the line was extended south from Congosto to Valdecarros with two intermediate stations.

Line 1 was closed for reforms from 3 July 2016 to October 2016. 25 of the 33 stations were closed for a €70 million refurbishment project meant to modernize the line, the oldest in the system, and repair tunnel linings and replacing power cables. Replacement buses were offered to patrons during the closure.<ref name="Pais-Jul2016">{{cite news |last=Pérez-Lanzac |first=Carmen |date=4 July 2016 |title=The long journey of the Vallecanos |url=http://elpais.com/elpais/2016/07/04/inenglish/1467644839_879652.html |newspaper=[[El País]] |language=English |accessdate=4 July 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Serrato |first1=Fran |last2=García Gallo |first2=Bruno |date=1 March 2016 |title=Upcoming Madrid subway line closures set to spark travel chaos |url=http://elpais.com/elpais/2016/02/29/inenglish/1456754143_292943.html |newspaper=El País |language=English |accessdate=4 July 2016}}</ref>

==Rolling stock== Since the summer of 2007, the line uses [[Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles|CAF]] class 2000A rolling stock trains. The trains are to be replaced by 40 new trains in the Late 2020s

==Stations== {| class=wikitable ![[Districts of Madrid|District]] !Station !Opened !Zone !Connections |- |[[Ciudad Lineal]] |{{MdM|Pinar de Chamartín}} {{access icon}} || 2007 || A || [[Madrid Metro]]: {{rint|madrid|4}} [[Metro Ligero]]: {{rint|Madrid|ML-1}} |- |rowspan=2|[[Chamartín (Madrid)|Chamartín]] |{{MdM|Bambú}} {{access icon}} || 2007 || A || |- |{{MdM|Chamartín}} {{access icon}} || 1961 || A || [[Madrid Metro]]: {{rint|madrid|10}} [[Cercanías Madrid]]: {{rint|Madrid|c-1}} {{rint|Madrid|c-2}} {{rint|Madrid|c-3}} {{rint|Madrid|c-4}} {{rint|Madrid|c-7}} {{rint|Madrid|c-8}} {{rint|Madrid|c-10}} [[Renfe Operadora]]: [[AVE]], [[Alvia]], [[Altaria (Renfe Operadora service)|Altaria]], [[Talgo]], [[Trenhotel]] |- |Chamartín / [[Tetuán, Madrid|Tetuán]] |{{MdM|Plaza de Castilla}} {{access icon}} || 1961 || A || [[Madrid Metro]]: {{rint|madrid|9}} {{rint|madrid|10}} |- |rowspan=4|Tetuán |{{MdM|Valdeacederas}} || 1961 || A || |- |{{MdM|Tetuán}} || 1929 || A || |- |{{MdM|Estrecho}} || 1929 || A || |- |{{MdM|Alvarado}} || 1929 || A || |- |Tetuán / [[Chamberí]] |{{MdM|Cuatro Caminos}} {{access icon}} || 1919 || A || [[Madrid Metro]]: {{rint|madrid|2}} {{rint|madrid|6}} |- |rowspan=2|Chamberí |{{MdM|Ríos Rosas}} || 1919 || A || [[Madrid Metro]]: {{rint|madrid|7}} ({{MdM|Alonso Cano}})<ref group="*">Both stations are displayed on station maps as being distant from one another, and they are not announced as transfer points for one another.</ref> |- |{{MdM|Iglesia}} {{access icon}} || 1919 || A || |- |Chamberí / [[Centro (Madrid)|Centro]] |{{MdM|Bilbao}} {{access icon}} || 1919 || A || [[Madrid Metro]]: {{rint|madrid|4}} |- |rowspan=5|Centro |{{MdM|Tribunal}} {{access icon}} || 1919 || A || [[Madrid Metro]]: {{rint|madrid|10}} |- |{{MdM|Gran Vía}} {{access icon}} || 1919 || A || [[Madrid Metro]]: {{rint|madrid|5}} [[Cercanías Madrid]]: {{rint|madrid|c-3}} {{rint|madrid|c-4}} |- |{{MdM|Sol}} {{access icon}} || 1919 || A || [[Madrid Metro]]: {{rint|madrid|2}} {{rint|madrid|3}} [[Cercanías Madrid]]: {{rint|madrid|c-3}} {{rint|madrid|c-4}} |- |{{MdM|Tirso de Molina}} || 1921 || A || |- |{{MdM|Antón Martín}} || 1921 || A || |- |Centro / [[Retiro (Madrid)|Retiro]] |{{MdM|Estación del Arte}} || 1926 || A || |- |[[Arganzuela]] |{{MdM|Atocha}} {{access icon}} || 1988|| A || [[Cercanías Madrid]]: {{rint|Madrid|c-1}} {{rint|Madrid|c-2}} {{rint|Madrid|c-3}} {{rint|Madrid|c-4}} {{rint|Madrid|c-5}} {{rint|Madrid|c-7}} {{rint|Madrid|c-8}} {{rint|Madrid|c-10}} [[Renfe Operadora]]: [[AVE]], [[Alvia]], [[Alaris]], [[Altaria (Renfe Operadora service)|Altaria]], [[Talgo]] |- |rowspan=2|Retiro |{{MdM|Menéndez Pelayo}} || 1923 || A || |- |{{MdM|Pacífico}} {{access icon}} || 1923 || A || [[Madrid Metro]]: {{rint|madrid|6}} |- |Retiro / [[Puente de Vallecas]] |{{MdM|Puente de Vallecas}} || 1923 || A || |- |rowspan=6|Puente de Vallecas |{{MdM|Nueva Numancia}} || 1962 || A || |- |{{MdM|Portazgo}} {{access icon}} || 1962 || A || |- |{{MdM|Buenos Aires}} || 1994 || A || |- |{{MdM|Alto del Arenal}} {{access icon}} || 1994 || A || |- |{{MdM|Miguel Hernández}} {{access icon}} || 1994 || A || |- |{{MdM|Sierra de Guadalupe}} {{access icon}} || 1999 || A || [[Cercanías Madrid]]: {{rint|madrid|c-2}} {{rint|madrid|c-7}} {{rint|madrid|c-8}} |- |rowspan=5|[[Villa de Vallecas]] |{{MdM|Villa de Vallecas}} {{access icon}} || 1999 || A || |- |{{MdM|Congosto}} {{access icon}} || 1999 || A || |- |{{MdM|La Gavia}} {{access icon}} || 2007 || A || |- |{{MdM|Las Suertes}} {{access icon}} || 2007 || A || |- |{{MdM|Valdecarros}} {{access icon}} || 2007 || A || |} {{reflist|group="*"}}

==See also== * [[Madrid]] * [[Transport in Madrid]] * [[List of Madrid Metro stations]] * [[List of metro systems]] {{Clear}} {{Portal bar|Spain|Trains|Transport|Engineering}}

==References== {{Reflist}}

==External links== {{Commons|Madrid Metro}} {{Wikivoyage|Madrid}} * [https://www.metromadrid.es/en/index.html Madrid Metro] (official website) * [http://www.metromadrid.es/export/sites/metro/comun/documentos/planos/Planoesquematicoingles.pdf Schematic map of the Metro network – from the official site] {{in lang|en}} * [http://www.urbanrail.net/eu/es/mad/madrid.htm Madrid at ''UrbanRail.net''] * [http://www.madrid-guide-spain.com/madrid-metro.html ENGLISH User guide, ticket types, airport supplement and timings] * [http://www.cityrailtransit.com/maps/madrid_map.htm Network map (real-distance)] * [https://www.metrolinemap.com/metro/madrid/ Madrid Metro Map]

[[Category:Madrid Metro lines|01 (Madrid Metro)]] [[Category:Railway lines opened in 1919]] [[Category:1919 establishments in Spain]]