{{Short description|Open space in Leyton, London}} {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2015}} {{Use British English|date=June 2015}} [[File:LammasLand-485.JPG|thumb|right|Horse grazing in open land near Marsh Lane]] '''Leyton Marsh''' is an open space in the [[Lower Lea Valley]], located in [[Leyton]] in the [[London Borough of Waltham Forest]].
== Geography == [[File:LammasLand-482.JPG|thumb|right|Playgrounds near the Seymour Road entrance]] The [[marsh]] is bordered by the [[Walthamstow Marshes]] to the north, and by [[Coppermill Fields]], the [[Lee Navigation]] and the [[River Lee Flood Relief Channel]]. Much of the original area has been taken over for other uses. The remaining open land is split into two distinct areas: * Leyton Marsh, to the north of [[Lea Bridge Road]], adjoining the Walthamstow Marsh Nature Reserve. The part of the marsh north east of the Lea Bridge Road contains a large field (Porter's Field Meadow), which is used for a variety of events, including an annual schools countryside teaching event.<ref>{{cite web|title=Countryside Live - Lea Valley|url=http://www.countrysidelive.org.uk/LeeValley/leevalleymain.htm|access-date=24 July 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110802040040/http://countrysidelive.org.uk/LeeValley/leevalleymain.htm|archive-date=2 August 2011|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The area is also used by local people for sporting events, and is part of various cycling and running routes that take in Leyton Marsh as well as other local parks and open spaces. * The Marsh Lane area of Seymour Road Playing Field and Marsh Lane Playing Field, north and south of Marsh Lane respectively. Since August 2012 its official name has been Leyton Jubilee Park.<ref>[http://www.walthamforest.gov.uk/Documents/Leyton%20Jubilee%20Park%20map.pdf Waltham Forest pamphlet on Leyton Jubilee Park]</ref> This area is now cut off from the rest of the marsh, connected only by a long pedestrian bridge over the railway. Access from Lea Bridge Road is at the end of Seymour Road. The [[Dagenham Brook]] forms the eastern extent of the historical Leyton Marshes. Other areas which were historically part of Leyton Marshes are now put to other uses: * [[Lee Valley Ice Centre]]. There are proposals to redevelop the Ice Centre, improving facilities but at the expense of public open space.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Campaigners warn of environmental impact as new Lea Valley Ice Centre approved – Hackney Citizen |url=https://www.hackneycitizen.co.uk/2020/10/09/campaigners-warn-environmental-impact-new-lea-valley-ice-centre-approved/ |access-date=2026-03-20 |language=en-GB}}</ref> * [[Lea Valley Riding Centre]] * [[WaterWorks Nature Reserve]] Lammas Lane, despite historic associations, is buried in an industrial estate alongside the railway.<ref>[http://maps.google.co.uk/maps?f=q&hl=en&geocode=&q=lammas+road&sll=51.564853,-0.034933&sspn=0.013099,0.032358&ie=UTF8&t=h&ll=51.572162,-0.032015&spn=0.025606,0.054932&z=14&iwloc=addr&source=embed Google map]</ref>
== History == [[File:Leyton Urban District Council Act 1904 map.jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|Plan of Lammas lands, Leyton Urban District Council Act 1904<ref name="leamarsh.com">[http://www.leamarsh.com/hotel/1904act.html section of Leyton Urban District Council Act 1904]</ref>]] Leyton Marsh was originally more extensive open marsh, historically drained by means of open drainage ditches. The marsh is former [[Lammas]] Land: the land was divided into strips, which were cultivated to grow hay for winter feed. Parishioners had ancient rights to graze cattle and horses between 1 August (after the hay harvest) and 25 March.<ref name="lammas">{{Cite web |title=Leyton: Economic history, marshes and forests {{!}} British History Online |url=https://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/essex/vol6/pp197-205 |access-date=2026-03-20 |website=www.british-history.ac.uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hansen |first=Chris |title=New Lammas Lands Defence Committee |url=http://lammaslands.org.uk/ |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20220812025944/http://lammaslands.org.uk/ |archive-date=2022-08-12 |access-date=2026-03-20 |website=www.lammaslands.org.uk |language=en}}</ref>
In the 19th century the marsh was [[pollution|polluted]] by sewage from the extensive new residential developments in [[Walthamstow]] and [[Leyton]].
By the 19th century the character of the marsh changed. Many acres were bought and built on by railway, water and gas companies. In the early 1890s the [[East London Waterworks Company]] erected fences, which angered local people. On Lammas Day in 1892, a large demonstration took place on the marsh and the fences were taken down. The locals set up the Leyton Lammas Lands Defence Committee and successfully challenged the water company in court. This led to the Leyton Urban District Council Act 1904, which provided that the marsh would be kept as an open space, in return for local people giving up Lammas rights.<ref name="leamarsh.com"/><ref name = lammas /> The fields at Marsh Lane did not come under this agreement and remain as Lammas land.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Of Lammas Land and Olympic Dreams |url=http://www.metamute.org:80/en/Of-Lammas-Land-and-Olympic-Dreams |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20120102054400/http://www.metamute.org:80/en/Of-Lammas-Land-and-Olympic-Dreams |archive-date=2012-01-02 |access-date=2026-03-20 |website=www.metamute.org}}</ref>
During [[World War II]], a [[V-2]] rocket landed and exploded on the marsh; the crater is still visible seven decades later<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://londonist.com/2009/01/london_v2_rocket_sitesmapped.php|title=London V2 Rocket Sites...Mapped|date=12 January 2009}}</ref> (Despite the account given in the reference, the V2 concerned fell a little to the north on the adjacent Walthamstow Marsh: see [[Bomb Crater Pond (Walthamstow)]]). After the war, the marsh was used to dump rubble from [[The Blitz]].
In 1971, the [[Lee Valley Regional Park Authority]] acquired much of the land by compulsory purchase. It acquired the Essex Filter Beds in 1986 (now the [[WaterWorks Nature Reserve]]) and the Middlesex Filter Beds in 1988 (now the [[Middlesex Filter Beds Nature Reserve]]). Both of these are on the south side of Lea Bridge Road and were formerly part of the marsh.
== Recent history and current use== [[File:Leyton Marsh.jpg|thumb|Part of Leyton Marsh, restored after use for the 2012 Olympics]] The New Lammas Lands Defence Committee, a revival of the earlier organisation, is currently active in promoting, and on occasion defending, the public use of the marsh. Events include organised walks, with an annual highlight on 13 March: [[beating the bounds]], an ancient ritual defining the boundaries of the land where grazing rights were enjoyed.
Parts of Leyton Marshes were used for the [[London Olympics 2012|2012 London Olympic]] and [[2012 Summer Paralympics|Paralympic]] Games, despite some local opposition. A temporary basketball training venue was built on Porter's Field Meadow for the games, which was opposed by members of Save Lea Marshes.<ref>{{cite news|title=London 2012: Occupy protesters halt Leyton Marsh work|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-17542417|access-date=30 April 2013|newspaper=BBC News|date=28 March 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Parkinson|first=Jason N|title=Save Leyton Marsh protester threatened with £335,000 eviction costs - video|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/video/2012/dec/21/save-leyton-marsh-protester-eviction-costs-video|access-date=30 April 2013|newspaper=The Guardian|date=21 December 2012|author2=Jess Hurd}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=1leytonmarshlover |date=2020-06-23 |title=Save Lea Marshes’ Objection to Gasworks Proposal |url=https://saveleytonmarsh.wordpress.com/2020/06/23/save-lea-marshes-objection-to-gasworks-proposal/ |access-date=2026-03-20 |website=Save Lea Marshes (SLM) |language=en}}</ref> The venue was dismantled after the Paralympic Games, the [[Olympic Delivery Authority]] being required to return the open space to its original state. In addition, on the request of the local user group, the [[Lee Valley Regional Park Authority]] committed to spending £65,000 on improving Leyton Marsh, including pathways and seating, as well as introducing habitats to attract existing and new species of wildlife into the area.
== References== <references/>
==External links== {{commons category|Leyton Marshes}} * [http://www.lammaslands.org.uk/ New Lammas Lands Defence Committee] * [http://www.leamarsh.com/maps/index.html Maps of the Marshes] * [http://mapco.net/cross1861/cross09.htm 1861 map] * [https://www.leevalleypark.org.uk/ Lea Valley Park] {{Parks and open spaces in London}}
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[[Category:Parks and open spaces in the London Borough of Waltham Forest]] [[Category:Marshland in London]] [[Category:Lee Valley Park]]