Lexipol

{{Short description|American law enforcement training company}} {{Infobox company | name = Lexipol LLC | logo = Lexipol logo.png | type = Private | industry = {{Unbulleted list|Law enforcement|Fire department|Public safety}} | founded = {{Start date and age|2003}} in California<ref name="texas" /><!-- if known: {{Start date and age|YYYY|MM|DD}} in city, country --> | founders = {{Unbulleted list|Bruce Praet|Gordon Graham|Dan Merkle}}<ref name="texas" /> | hq_location_city = {{Unbulleted list|Aliso Viejo, California<ref name="bloom" />|Frisco, Texas<ref name="lexabout" />}} | hq_location_country = | area_served = <!-- or: | areas_served = --> | key_people = Jack Blaha (CEO)<ref name=blaha /> | products = policy manuals, daily training bulletins, consulting and implementation services<ref name="bloom" /> | owner = GTCR <!-- or: | owners = --> | num_employees = 200+<ref name="appeal" /> | num_employees_year = <!-- Year of num_employees data (if known) --> | parent = | website = {{url|lexipol.com}}, {{url|PoliceOne.com}}, {{url|EMS1.com}}, {{url|Corrections1.com}}<!-- {{URL|example.com}} --> }} '''Lexipol LLC''' is a private company based in Frisco, Texas,<ref name="anderson"/> that provides policy manuals, training bulletins, and consulting services to law enforcement agencies, fire departments, and other public safety departments.<ref name="texas" /> In 2019, 3,500 agencies in 35 U.S. states used Lexipol manuals or subscribed to their services.<ref name="newsy" /> Lexipol states that it services 8,100 agencies as of March 2020.<ref name="powerdms" /> Lexipol retains copyright over all manuals they create, even those modified by local agencies, but does not take on the status of policymaker. Critics note that a decision made by Lexipol becomes policy in thousands of agencies and that there is little transparency into how the policy decisions are made.<ref name="texas" />

==Founding==

Bruce Praet, a California attorney and former law enforcement officer, began Lexipol in 2003 with Gordon Graham, a former law enforcement officer and law school graduate, and Dan Merkle, a corporate executive who became Lexipol's first Chairman and CEO. As a partner in the law firm of Ferguson, Praet and Sherman, Praet had worked with the Fullerton, California, police department to create a California law enforcement manual, which he then used as a model to create a policy manual for the Escalon, California, police department. As the number of manuals being supported grew, Praet set up Lexipol and transferred the policy development work to his new company.<ref name="texas" /> In November 2023, a Lexipol spokesperson said that Praet "no longer works with Lexipol".<ref>{{cite web | last=Howey | first=Brian | title=California bill would give families more information after police killings | website=Los Angeles Times| via=Yahoo News | date=March 12, 2024 | url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/california-bill-families-more-information-100040644.html | access-date=March 12, 2024}}</ref>

==Expansion==

Lexipol is based in Frisco, Texas.<ref name="anderson" /> Marketing its products and services to law enforcement agencies and to municipal liability insurers, Lexipol's focus is on reducing liability risks and avoiding litigation.<ref name="texas" /><ref name="shaping" /> From 40 California agencies in 2003, Lexipol's business has expanded to 3,500 agencies in 35 states in 2019, including police, sheriff, fire department, and other public safety agencies, making it the dominant private provider in the market.<ref name="newsy" /><ref name="bergman" /> More than 90 percent of law enforcement agencies in California are Lexipol clients.<ref name="appeal" /> Graham said the Lexipol concept became successful when police liability insurers became interested.<ref name="harvard" /> Initially creating law enforcement manuals, Lexipol added policy manuals and subscriptions for fire departments; the Minnesota State Fire Chiefs Association endorsed a Minnesota Fire Policy Manual from Lexipol in 2014.<ref name="mund" /> In 2020, the Marine Corps Fire and Emergency Services at Marine Corps Logistics Base Barstow became the first USMC agency to subscribe to Lexipol.<ref name="usmc" />

''Orange County Business Journal'' ranked Lexipol the 24th fastest-growing private company in Orange County in 2010,<ref name="lyster" /> and Deloitte ranked it 387 on its list of Technology Fast 500 in 2012.<ref name="deloitte" />

The Riverside Company, a private equity firm, purchased Lexipol in 2014.<ref name="riverside" /><ref name="nobile" /> In 2019, Lexipol merged with Praetorian Digital, which brought with it multiple news media sites and online learning academies.<ref name="praetorian" /> Police1, which produces original articles and news tailored to a police audience, is among the websites in Lexipol Media Group.<ref name="praetorian" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gordon |first=Daanika |last2=Nadel |first2=Peter |date=June 15, 2023 |title=Co-opting “Danger” in Specialized Media for the Police |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/23780231231180379 |url-status=live |journal=Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World |language=en |volume=9 |doi=10.1177/23780231231180379 |issn=2378-0231 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260120034604/https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/23780231231180379?__cf_chl_rt_tk=OLfFJkfA52WA8.aI2X2.PC1Wx0fFyFWOEnO29eqGvvQ-1768880764-1.0.1.1-.6nJAsDzds1tltiRLg8Ld8ZMW2CuAJ.DN1xkPZLfxBk |archive-date=January 20, 2026|doi-access=free }}</ref> The company saw an increase in interest in 2020, prompted by orders like that of New York Governor Andrew Cuomo in response to George Floyd protests that began in Minneapolis.<ref name="speri" /> In 2021, Lexipol was acquired by the private equity firm GTCR.<ref>{{cite web | title=Lexipol Is Acquired by GTCR | website=Baird | url=https://www.rwbaird.com/transactions/investment-banking/dealcard/5889/ | access-date=October 15, 2025}}</ref>

In December 2020, Lexipol acquired Cordico, a wellness technology firm,<ref name="yahoo" /><ref name="christian" /><ref name="hardaway" /> and in February, 2023, it acquired National Emergency Responder & Public Safety Center, which offers clinician courses and certification.<ref name=nerpsc />

==Services==

Lexipol offers policy manuals with an updating service, daily training bulletins, and implementation services,<ref name="texas" /> as well as online learning,<ref name="nobile" /> wellness resources,<ref name="anderson" /> and grant services.<ref name="campbell" /> Lexipol offers their services to police departments, fire/EMS departments,<ref name="akron" /> county jails,<ref name="cleveland" /> and city governments.<ref name="nobile" /> Safety personnel training familiarizes officers with new policies and their real-world applications, tracking their understanding and completion with questions at the end of exercises.<ref name="castaneda" />

Although officer participation in the training component is verifiable<ref name="harvard" /> and satisfies some states’ Peace Officer Standards and Training requirements, the daily training bulletins were not certified by California's Commission on Peace Officer Standards and Training "as sufficient to satisfy their minimum standards for state law enforcement training".<ref name="texas" /> Lexipol's services are widely used by small- and medium-sized departments that lack the resources to create or update their own policy manuals.<ref name="texas" /><ref name="huff" /> Departments see Lexipol as a mean of mitigating risk<ref name="damien" /><ref name="herald" /> and reducing staff hours spent updating policy.<ref name="castaneda" />

The policy manuals provided by Lexipol can be customized by the contracting agency. Updates to the policy manual are presented to agencies in a mark-up form, allowing them to accept, reject or customize as needed.<ref name="usmc" />

Lexipol holds the copyright to all policies, even those modified or amended by the contracting agency, and Lexipol requires contracting agencies to sign an indemnification clause, stating "We only suggest content". Lexipol's contracts state that Lexipol is not the policymaker; the agency representative who adopts the policy manual certifies themselves as the policymaker. The City and County of San Francisco Sheriff's Department retained Lexipol to consult on a new use of force policy, but ended the deal on advice from San Francisco City Attorney's Office which told Lexipol, "Lexipol's ownership of copyrighted material and related derivative works language was unacceptable."<ref name="texas" />

Through its PoliceOne Academy, Lexipol offers online training courses, certified by the International Association of Directors of Law Enforcement.<ref name="yu" />

In 2021, Lexipol announced its new platform for local government policies at the municipality and county levels.<ref name="platform" />

==Public reactions==

UCLA law professors Ingrid Eagly and Joanna Schwartz, in a study published in ''Texas Law Review'', noted that scholars and experts "have viewed police policies as a tool to constrain officer discretion and to improve officer decision making. Lexipol, in contrast, promotes its policies as a risk-management tool that can reduce legal liability."<ref name="huff" /> Eagly and Schwartz identified the lack of transparency in the decision-making process and development of policies as a major concern as local jurisdictions get little information on why decisions were made, what evidence was considered in drafting them, or what plausible alternatives might be. They also stated that "Lexipol offers a valuable service, particularly for smaller law enforcement agencies that are without the resources to draft and update policies on their own."<ref name="texas" />

A journalist for ''The Desert Sun'' stated "While Lexipol can boost small departments' confidence that their policies are effective, working with a private company poses challenges to transparency in policymaking."<ref name="damien" />

The study by Eagly and Schwartz also called out the danger of "mass standardization of police policies across jurisdictions and less opportunity to assess the efficacy of different approaches". Because of the wide adoption of Lexipol manuals, "policy decisions [by Lexipol] have an oversized influence on American policing".<ref name="texas" /> Policy and data analyst Samuel Sinyangwe observed that any decision made by Lexipol then becomes policy in thousands of agencies.<ref name="newsy" /> Scott Morris writes in ''The Appeal'', "a large portion of American police policy is now being drafted by a little-known private company with no public oversight" and quotes Andrea Pritchard, a police review commissioner and the founder of Berkeley Copwatch, saying the Lexipol policies are "designed for maximum protection against civil liability. It’s not maximum protection of civil rights." Morris also notes that Lexipol responded to the model policy on use of force produced by eleven law enforcement organizations, ''National Consensus Policy on Use of Force'', by recommending that its clients make no changes to Lexipol's policies.<ref name="appeal" /> In a report on fatal shootings by police in Citrus Heights, California, which uses Lexipol policies, reporters stated that federally recognized use-of-force expert Ed Obayashi said "off-the-shelf" policies may be legally sound but not reflect community values or expectations.<ref name="chabria" />

In 2017, the ACLU of California sent a letter to Lexipol demanding changes in some of its policies that the ACLU stated "can lead to racial profiling and harassment of immigrants", identifying several examples of unclear or misleading language.<ref name="aclu" /> ''The Los Angeles Times'' reported that even sanctuary cities are using Lexipol policy manuals that contain guidance on immigration enforcement, including language to consider lack of English proficiency as a possible criterion, although some departments removed that language.<ref name="queally" /> Madison Pauly, writing in ''Mother Jones'', states that Lexipol founder Praet alluded to working with members of the California legislature on the California Act to Save Lives that was enacted in 2019, and quotes Praet as saying "We—law enforcement—got 95 percent of what we needed out of [the bill]."<ref name="pauly" />

In 2018, Spokane settled a lawsuit for unlawful detention. According to the letter sent to Washington agencies by the ACLU of Washington and the Northwest Immigrant Rights Project, "Spokane’s Lexipol policy incorrectly authorized officers to seize individuals and extend detentions for purposes of investigating and aiding in potential civil immigration enforcement, unnecessarily exposing the City to liability".<ref name="lawsuits" />

After a white South Bend, Indiana, police officer shot and killed Eric Logan, an African-American man, in June 2019, then-mayor Pete Buttigieg was drawn from his presidential campaign to focus on the emerging public reaction. Body cameras were not turned on during Logan's death, based on South Bend's Lexipol policy manual.<ref name="huff" /> In an interview, Samuel Sinyangwe, a policy and data analyst focused on police reform, said "There were some shortcuts taken by the city of South Bend to write their policy that many cities across the country are taking but that, frankly, are not consistent with a commitment to ending police violence. What they did was they decided to contract with a private corporation called Lexipol to write the policy for them. Lexipol is a company that makes money selling policies to police departments." Bill McAuliffe, speaking for Lexipol, said "The whole philosophy of Lexipol policy content is we give them a solid foundation of well-written, legally researched and vetted policy. And then the agency needs to take it the next step and customize it to make sure that it's applicable, practical and functional for their organization's purposes."<ref name="newsy" />

In 2020, the governor of New York required the state's police agencies to modernize their strategies and programs by April 2021. The mayor of Saranac Lake said the village's police chief had identified Lexipol as a solution. The mayor said, "given all the executive orders and new directives, we have got to step back, get some professional help, engage the public, and reformulate our policies and procedures.”{{r|speri}}

Several departments in Ohio are rewriting their Lexipol policies to meet the certification standards of the Ohio Collaborative.<ref name="griffin" /> In Peekskill, New York, when the police chief requested hiring Lexipol, a city council member opposed the request on the basis that Lexipol's policies prioritize avoiding discipline for violent police officers rather than increasing accountability, and said "We don’t need policies that decrease our settlement payout amounts, we need policies that will put the financial burden on the individuals causing the harm and stop holding taxpayers hostage to defending their abuse of power."<ref name="pezzullo" />

On February 11, 2025, a group of hackers calling themself Puppygirl Hacker Polycule breached Lexipol in a hacktivist effort against police. The group published 8,500 of Lexipol's documents, including drafts and privatized policy, procedural, and training documents. Additionally, the group released customer information, including names, usernames, agency names, hashed passwords, physical addresses, email addresses, and phone numbers. The breach was published through Distributed Denial of Secrets.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Thalen |first=Mikael |date=2025-02-11 |title=EXCLUSIVE: Hackers leak cop manuals for departments nationwide after breaching major provider |url=https://www.dailydot.com/debug/lexipol-data-leak-puppygirl-hacker-polycule/ |access-date=2025-03-16 |website=The Daily Dot |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Riedel |first=Samantha |date=2025-02-13 |title=“Puppygirl Hacker Polycule” Leaks Over 8,500 Privatized Police Files and Training Manuals |url=https://www.them.us/story/puppygirl-hacker-polycule-leak |access-date=2025-03-16 |website=Them |language=en-US}}</ref>

==See also== *Privatization in criminal justice

==References== <references> <ref name="aclu">{{Cite web|title=ACLU Demands Change to Unlawful Pre-Packaged Police Policies |url=https://www.aclunc.org/news/aclu-demands-change-unlawful-pre-packaged-police-policies|access-date=2020-06-02|website=www.aclunc.org|language=en}}</ref> <ref name="akron">{{cite news |title=Copley Fire to participate in virtual training program |last1=Lisik |first1=Brian |url=https://www.akron.com/articles/copley-fire-to-participate-in-virtual-training-program/ |work=Akron |date=August 13, 2020 |accessdate=February 8, 2021}}</ref> <ref name="anderson">{{cite news |title=Texas company buys Gold River's Cordico to expand its offerings |last1=Anderson |first1=Mark |url=https://www.bizjournals.com/sacramento/news/2020/12/02/first-responder-support-company-cordico-acquired.html |work=Sacramento Business Journal |date=December 2, 2020 |accessdate=December 21, 2020}}</ref> <ref name="appeal">{{Cite web|last=Morris|first=Scott|date=February 13, 2019|title=Police Policy for Sale|url=https://theappeal.org/lexipol-police-policy-company/|access-date=2020-06-02|website=The Appeal|language=en}}</ref> <ref name="bergman">{{Cite book|last=Bergman|first=Paul|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bGx8DwAAQBAJ&q=lexipol&pg=PT304|title=Criminal Law: A Desk Reference|date=2018-12-01|publisher=Nolo|isbn=978-1-4133-2577-5|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=blaha>{{cite web | title=Lexipol Appoints Jack Blaha as Chief Executive Officer | website=Yahoo Finance | date=February 3, 2026 | url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/lexipol-appoints-jack-blaha-chief-150000750.html | access-date=February 3, 2026}}</ref> <ref name="bloom">{{cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/profile/company/1014732D:US|website=Bloomberg|title=Lexipol LLC}}</ref> <ref name="campbell">{{cite news |title=County hires grant writing company for fire department|last1=Campbell |first1=Sarah Fay |url=https://times-herald.com/news/2021/01/county-hires-grant-writing-company-for-fire-department |work=Newnan Times-Herald |date=January 26, 2021 |accessdate=February 8, 2021}}</ref> <ref name="castaneda">{{cite news |title=Garden Grove approves contract with company that designs policy, training materials for police |last1=Castaneda |first1=Vera |url=https://www.latimes.com/socal/daily-pilot/entertainment/story/2020-08-27/garden-grove-approves-contract-with-company-that-designs-policy-training-materials-for-police |newspaper=LA Times |date=August 27, 2020 |accessdate=December 14, 2020}}</ref> <ref name="chabria">{{cite news|title= Citrus Heights has top rate of fatal shootings by police|first1=Anita |last1=Chabria|first2=Cynthia |last2=Hubert|first3=Phillip|last3= Reese|newspaper=Sacramento Bee|date=March 13, 2017|url=https://www.sacbee.com/news/local/crime/article137804533.html}}</ref> <ref name="christian">{{cite web |last1=Christian |first1=Sena |title=App Helps Law Enforcement Deal With Mental Health|date=June 10, 2020 |url=https://www.comstocksmag.com/article/app-helps-law-enforcement-deal-mental-health |website=Comstock's magazine|access-date=9 March 2021}}</ref> <ref name="cleveland">{{cite news |title=Cuyahoga County Board of Control hires consultant to fix policies at troubled county jail |last1=Astolfi |first1=Courtney |url=https://www.cleveland.com/news/2019/02/cuyahoga-county-board-of-control-hires-consultant-to-fix-policies-at-troubled-county-jail.html |work=Cleveland |date=February 11, 2019 |accessdate=February 8, 2021}}</ref> <ref name="damien">{{cite news|last=Damien|first=Christopher|date=June 23, 2019|title=Police warned phones can be evidence|url=http://www.newspapers.com/image/592267235/|access-date=2020-06-02|newspaper=The Desert Sun|pages=1, 10–11|language=en}}</ref> <ref name="deloitte">{{cite press release|title=Lexipol Is Proud to be Selected as a Deloitte Technology Fast 500 Award Winner for 2012|date=November 14, 2012|url=https://globenewswire.com/news-release/2012/11/14/505171/10012576/en/Lexipol-is-Proud-to-Be-Selected-as-a-Deloitte-Technology-Fast-500-TM-Award-Winner-for-2012.html}}</ref> <ref name="griffin">{{Cite web|last=Griffin|first=Dan|date=2020-06-10|title=Local law enforcement agencies 'non-certified' by Ohio Collaborative in state report|url=https://www.wlwt.com/article/local-law-enforcement-agencies-non-certified-by-ohio-collaborative-in-state-report/32818141|access-date=2020-06-10|website=WLWT|language=en}}</ref> <ref name="hardaway">{{cite web |last1=Hardaway |first1=Liz |title=100 Club SA brings mental well-being options to first responders in San Antonio area |url=https://www.expressnews.com/news/local/article/100-Club-SA-brings-mental-well-being-options-to-15850774.php |website=San Antonio Express News |date=5 January 2021 |publisher=San Antonio Express News |access-date=9 March 2021}}</ref> <ref name="harvard">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gpOjDgAAQBAJ&q=lexipol&pg=PT49|title=Harvard Law Review: Volume 130, Number 6 - April 2017|date=2017-04-10|publisher=Quid Pro Books|isbn=978-1-61027-784-6|language=en}}</ref> <ref name="herald">{{Cite web|last=Herald|first=MARK SHENEFELT Special to the Daily|title=State unveils new prison and jail inspection standards, but the old sheriffs' rules also live on|url=https://www.heraldextra.com/news/local/state-unveils-new-prison-and-jail-inspection-standards-but-the-old-sheriffs-rules-also-live/article_e51a2357-1361-5031-abc2-b486a4d1d1fe.html|access-date=2020-06-03|website=Daily Herald|language=en}}</ref> <ref name="huff">{{Cite web|last=Golshan|first=Tara|date=2020-02-21|title=The For-Profit Contractor Behind Troubled Policing In Pete Buttigieg's South Bend|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/south-bend-police-pete-buttigieg-lexipol_n_5e504139c5b6b82aa653167f|access-date=2020-06-02|website=HuffPost|language=en}}</ref> <ref name="lawsuits">{{cite web|url=https://www.aclu.org/press-releases/faulty-lexipol-policies-expose-police-departments-costly-lawsuits-aclu-wa-and-nwirp|title=Faulty Lexipol Policies Expose Police Departments to Costly Lawsuits, ACLU-WA and NWIRP Warn in Letter to Law Enforcement Agencies Statewide|date=January 23, 2018|website=ACLU}}</ref> <ref name="lexabout">{{cite web|url=https://www.lexipol.com/about/|website=Lexipol|title=Learn About Us|date=9 April 2018 }}</ref> <ref name="lyster">{{Cite journal|last=Lyster|first=Michael|date=2010-10-25|title=Fast-Growing Privates: $12B in Sales, Growth of 23%|url=https://www.ocbj.com/news/2010/oct/24/fast-growing-privates-12b-sales-growth-23/|journal=Orange County Business Journal|volume=33|issue=43|pages=2}}</ref> <ref name="mund">{{Cite journal|last=Mund|first=Bill|date=2014-09-02|title=Welcome to St. Cloud for the 2014 Minnesota State Fire Chiefs Association Annual Conference|journal=Minnesota Fire Chief|pages=4|quote=At this year’s conference we will also be officially launching a new partner program with Lexipol. Lexipol has created a Minnesota Fire Service Policy Manual that will be available to our membership at a greatly reduced price. The MSFCA has endorsed this product and there is already information available for you to check it out. The program includes customizable policies and online training documentation for your department. In short you will be able to create a department policy manual for your department and document that you have also trained your staff to the policy.}}</ref> <ref name=nerpsc>{{cite press release | date=February 6, 2003 | title=Lexipol Acquires National Emergency Responder & Public Safety Center, Expanding Wellness Support for Public Safety | website=Global Newswire | url=https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2023/02/06/2602233/14064/en/Lexipol-Acquires-National-Emergency-Responder-Public-Safety-Center-Expanding-Wellness-Support-for-Public-Safety.html}}</ref> <ref name="newsy">{{Cite web|last=Jamal Andress|title=A Growing Number Of Police Departments Are Outsourcing Their Policies|url=https://www.newsy.com/stories/why-outsourcing-u-s-police-policy-concerns-some-citizens/|access-date=2020-06-02|website=Newsy|language=en}}</ref> <ref name="nobile">{{cite news |title=Riverside acquires SaaS-based San Francisco training company Praetorian Digital |last1=Nobile |first1=Jeremy |url=https://www.crainscleveland.com/finance/riverside-acquires-saas-based-san-francisco-training-company-praetorian-digital|work=Crain’s Cleveland Business |date=February 7, 2019 |accessdate=December 15, 2020}}</ref> <ref name="pauly">{{Cite web|last=Pauly|first=Madison|title=Meet the company that writes the policies that protect cops|url=https://www.motherjones.com/crime-justice/2020/08/lexipol-police-policy-company/|access-date=2020-08-11|website=Mother Jones|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref name="pezzullo">{{cite news|newspaper=The Examiner|title=Councilwoman Opposes Hiring of Police Policy Advisory Firm|date=October 13, 2020|last=Pezzullo|first=Rick|url=https://www.theexaminernews.com/councilwoman-opposes-hiring-of-police-policy-advisory-firm/}}</ref> <ref name="platform">{{cite press release | title=Lexipol Introduces Nationwide Local Government Policy Manual, Management Platform | website=GlobeNewswire News Room | date=January 13, 2021 | url=http://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2021/01/13/2158313/0/en/Lexipol-Introduces-Nationwide-Local-Government-Policy-Manual-Management-Platform.html | access-date=January 14, 2021}}</ref> <ref name="powerdms">{{Cite press release|last=Lexipol|date=2020-03-06|title=Lexipol and PowerDMS Announce Integration Partnership to Streamline Public Safety Risk Management and Compliance|url=http://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2020/03/06/1996516/0/en/Lexipol-and-PowerDMS-Announce-Integration-Partnership-to-Streamline-Public-Safety-Risk-Management-and-Compliance.html|access-date=2020-06-16|website=GlobeNewswire News Room}}</ref> <ref name="praetorian">{{Cite press release|last=Lexipol|date=2019-02-08|title=Lexipol and Praetorian Digital Merge, Creating Comprehensive Content, Training and Policy Platform for Public Safety|url=http://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2019/02/08/1714214/0/en/Lexipol-and-Praetorian-Digital-Merge-Creating-Comprehensive-Content-Training-and-Policy-Platform-for-Public-Safety.html|access-date=2020-06-03|website=GlobeNewswire News Room}}</ref> <ref name="queally">{{Cite web|last=Queally|first=James|date=April 13, 2017|title=Police manuals under scrutiny on immigration|url=http://www.newspapers.com/image/287797250/|access-date=2020-06-02|website=The Los Angeles Times|page=A1, A10|language=en}}</ref> <ref name="riverside">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversidecompany.com/currents/riverside-trains-its-eyes-on-lexipol/|title=Riverside Trains Its Eyes On Lexipol|date=August 22, 2014|website=Riverside}}</ref> <ref name="shaping">{{Cite news|last=Morris|first=Scott|title=The Private Company Shaping American Police Policy|url=https://www.citylab.com/equity/2019/02/private-company-lexipol-american-police-policylaw-enforcement/582676/|access-date=2020-06-07|newspaper=Bloomberg|date=13 February 2019 |language=en}}</ref> <ref name="speri">{{cite news |title=Private company moves to profit from New York's police reforms |last1=Speri |first1=Alice |url=https://theintercept.com/2020/08/09/new-york-police-reform-lexipol/ |work=The Intercept |date=August 9, 2020 |accessdate=December 14, 2020}}</ref> <ref name="texas">{{Cite journal|last1=Eagly|first1=Ingrid V.|last2=Schwartz|first2=Joanna C|date=2018-04-05|title=Lexipol|url=https://texaslawreview.org/lexipol/|access-date=2020-06-02|journal=Texas Law Review|volume=96|issue=5|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref name="usmc">{{Cite web|last=Hayes|first=Keith|date=September 1, 2020|title=Emergency responders adopt Lexipol|url=https://www.marines.mil/News/News-Display/Article/2331490/emergency-responders-adopt-lexipol|access-date=2020-09-01|website=United States Marine Corps|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref name="yahoo">{{cite web | title=Taking Care of the Front Lines: Lexipol Acquires Wellness Technology Company Cordico | website=Yahoo Finance | date=2020-12-03 | url=https://ca.finance.yahoo.com/news/taking-care-front-lines-lexipol-192000767.html | access-date=2020-12-04}}</ref> <ref name="yu">{{Cite web|last=Yu|first=Chris|title=McCracken County sheriff opts for online professional development in response to pandemic|url=https://www.wpsdlocal6.com/news/mccracken-county-sheriff-opts-for-online-professional-development-in-response-to-pandemic/article_29c4c210-c182-11ea-8ece-339b97f1608d.html|access-date=2020-07-09|website=WPSD Local 6|date=8 July 2020 |language=en}}</ref> </references>

== External links == *{{cite journal | journal=Indiana Law Journal | volume=97 | issue=1 | date=2022 | last1=Eagly | first1=Ingrid V. | last2=Schwartz | first2=Joanna C. | title=Lexipol's Fight Against Police Reform| ssrn=3869120 | url=https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3869120 }} *{{cite web | last=Gerety | first=Rowan Moore | title=Who Writes the Rules for Cops? | website=Esquire | date=February 2, 2022 | url=https://www.esquire.com/news-politics/a38941594/lexipol-bruce-praet-police-policy-guidelines-handbooks/ | access-date=February 3, 2022}}

Category:Law enforcement in the United States Category:Privatization in the United States