Lev Chugaev

{{Short description|Russian chemist (1873–1922)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2026}} {{Infobox scientist |name = Lev Aleksandrovich Chugaev |image = Lev Chugaev 1910s.jpg |image_size = |caption = |birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1873|10|16}} |birth_place = Moscow, Russian Empire |death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1922|9|26|1873|10|16}} |death_place = Gryazovets, Russian SFSR |residence = |nationality = |alma_mater = University of Moscow |doctoral_advisor = |doctoral_students = Vyacheslav Lebedinsky |known_for = Chugaev reaction |footnotes = |field = |work_institution = University of Moscow<br/>University of Saint Petersburg |prizes = |religion = }}

'''Lev Aleksandrovich Chugaev''' ({{langx|ru|Лев Алекса́ндрович Чуга́ев}}; 16 October 1873 – 26 September 1922) was a Russian chemist. At the height of his career, he was professor of chemistry at the University of Petersburg, being the successor to Dmitri Mendeleev. He was active in the fields of inorganic chemistry, especially platinum group complexes, as well as organic chemistry.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Kauffman, G. B. |title=Terpenes to Platinum: The Chemical Career of Lev Aleksandrovich Chugaev|doi=10.1021/ed040p656|journal= J. Chem. Educ.|year= 1963| volume =40|issue=12|pages=656–665|bibcode=1963JChEd..40..656K}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author=Kauffman, G. B.|title=A Russian Pioneer in Platinum Metals Research The Life and Work of Lev Aleksandrovich Chugaev|url=http://www.technology.matthey.com/pdf/pmr-v17-i4-144-148.pdf|journal=Platinum Metals Rev.|year=1973|volume=17|pages=144–148|doi=10.1595/003214073X174144148 |access-date=30 June 2015|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304062620/http://www.technology.matthey.com/pdf/pmr-v17-i4-144-148.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | title = Obituary notices: Frederick James Lloyd, 1852–1922; Georg Lunge, 1839–1923; Alexander Smith, 1865–1922; Jokichi Takamine, 1855–1922; Leo Alexandrovitsch Tschugaev, 1873–1922; Frank Edwin Weston, 1867–1923 |author1=J. A. Voelcker |author2=A. Harden |author3=T. M. Lowry |author4=Percival J. Fryer | journal = J. Chem. Soc., Trans. | volume = 123 | pages = 946–959 | year = 1923 | doi = 10.1039/CT9232300946}} [https://books.google.com/books?id=pCZLAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA956 online text for pages 956–958]</ref> He is also known as Leo Aleksandrovich Tschugaeff or Tschugaev.

==Contributions to coordination chemistry== Chugaev discovered that dimethylglyoxime forms a scarlet solid upon reaction with nickel(II) ions. This reaction was one of the first "spot tests" for a metal ion. An adherent to the theories of Alfred Werner, Chugaev made several contributions to the chemistry of platinum. The salt [Pt(NH₃)₅Cl]Cl₃ containing the chloropentammineplatinum(IV) ion, is called "Chugaev's salt".<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Yusenko, K.V. |author2=Zadesenets, A.V. |author3=Baidina, I.A. |author4=Shubin, Yu.V. |author5=Vasil'chenko, D.B. |author6=Korenev, S. V. |title=Re-determination of the crystal structure and investigation of thermal decomposition of Chugaev's salt, (Pt(NH₃)₅Cl)Cl₃·(H₂O)|doi=10.1007/s10947-006-0362-0|journal= Zhurnal Strukturnoi Khimii |year=2006| volume =47|pages=749–753|s2cid=95853330 }}</ref> Other complexes prepared in his laboratory include [Pt(SEt₂)₄][PtCl₄], [Pt(NH₃)₅OH]Cl₃, [Os(SC(NH₂)₂)₆]Cl₃^.H₂O.

Chugaev also studied complexes of hydrazine. One of his complexes, since also called Chugaev's salt, was the product of the reaction of platinum(II) salts with methyl isocyanide and hydrazine.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Chugaev, L. |author2=Skanavy Grigorieva, M. |author3=Posniak, A. |title=Über Die Hydrazin-Carbylamin-Komplexe des Platins|journal= Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem.|year= 1925|volume=148|pages=37–42| doi=10.1002/zaac.19251480105}}</ref> After many decades, this compound was shown to be a carbene complex, probably the first metal carbene complex ever reported.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Rouschias, G. |author2=Shaw, B. L. |title=A revised structure for Chugaev's salt [PtC₈H₁₅N₆]_xCl_x|journal= J. Chem. Soc. D|year= 1970|issue=3 |pages= 183|doi=10.1039/C29700000183}}</ref>

==Contributions to organic chemistry== He discovered the Chugaev reaction during his work on thujene and terpene.

==References== {{Commons category}} {{Reflist}}

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Chugaev, Lev Aleksandrovich}} Category:1873 births Category:1922 deaths Category:19th-century scientists from the Russian Empire Category:20th-century Russian chemists Category:Scientists from Moscow Category:Deaths from typhoid fever Category:Chemists from the Russian Empire Category:Inventors from the Russian Empire Category:Recipients of the Lenin Prize Category:Biochemists from the Russian Empire Category:Academic staff of Saint Petersburg State University Category:Graduates of the 4th Moscow Gymnasium