'''Lesion network mapping''' is a neuroimaging technique that analyzes the connectivity pattern of brain lesions to identify neuroanatomic correlates of symptoms.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=Boes |first1=Aaron D. |last2=Prasad |first2=Sashank |last3=Liu |first3=Hesheng |last4=Liu |first4=Qi |last5=Pascual-Leone |first5=Alvaro |last6=Caviness |first6=Verne S. |last7=Fox |first7=Michael D. |date=October 2015 |title=Network localization of neurological symptoms from focal brain lesions |journal=Brain: A Journal of Neurology |volume=138 |issue=Pt 10 |pages=3061–3075 |doi=10.1093/brain/awv228 |issn=1460-2156 |pmc=4671478 |pmid=26264514}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Fox |first=Michael D. |date=2018-12-06 |title=Mapping Symptoms to Brain Networks with the Human Connectome |url=http://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMra1706158 |journal=New England Journal of Medicine |language=en |volume=379 |issue=23 |pages=2237–2245 |doi=10.1056/NEJMra1706158 |pmid=30575457 |s2cid=58666837 |issn=0028-4793|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name="NEJM">{{Cite web |last=NEJM |title=Illustrated Glossary - NEJM |url=https://illustrated-glossary.nejm.org/term/lesion_network_map |access-date=2023-08-18 |website=New England Journal of Medicine |language=English}}</ref> The scientific validity of these methods has been widely disputed.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=van den Heuvel |first=Martijn P. |last2=Libedinsky |first2=Ilan |last3=Quiroz Monnens |first3=Sebastian |last4=Repple |first4=Jonathan |last5=Sommer |first5=Iris |last6=Cocchi |first6=Luca |date=2026-01-15 |title=Investigating the methodological foundation of lesion network mapping |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-025-02196-7 |journal=Nature Neuroscience |language=en |doi=10.1038/s41593-025-02196-7 |issn=1097-6256|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Salvalaggio |first=Alessandro |last2=De Filippo De Grazia |first2=Michele |last3=Zorzi |first3=Marco |last4=Thiebaut de Schotten |first4=Michel |last5=Corbetta |first5=Maurizio |date=2020-07-01 |title=Post-stroke deficit prediction from lesion and indirect structural and functional disconnection |url=https://academic.oup.com/brain/article/143/7/2173/5861020 |journal=Brain |language=en |volume=143 |issue=7 |pages=2173–2188 |doi=10.1093/brain/awaa156 |issn=0006-8950 |pmc=7363494 |pmid=32572442}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sperber |first=Christoph |last2=Dadashi |first2=Amin |date=2020-05-01 |title=The influence of sample size and arbitrary statistical thresholds in lesion-network mapping |url=https://academic.oup.com/brain/article/143/5/e40/5829675 |journal=Brain |language=en |volume=143 |issue=5 |pages=e40–e40 |doi=10.1093/brain/awaa094 |issn=0006-8950}}</ref> The technique was developed by Aaron Boes to understand the network anatomy of lesion induced neurologic and psychiatric symptoms that can not be explained by focal anatomic localization.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Joutsa |first1=Juho |last2=Corp |first2=Daniel T. |last3=Fox |first3=Michael D. |date=2022-08-01 |title=Lesion network mapping for symptom localization: recent developments and future directions |journal=Current Opinion in Neurology |volume=35 |issue=4 |pages=453–459 |doi=10.1097/WCO.0000000000001085 |issn=1473-6551 |pmc=9724189 |pmid=35788098}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Nabizadeh |first1=Fardin |last2=Aarabi |first2=Mohammad Hadi |date=2023-06-30 |title=Functional and structural lesion network mapping in neurological and psychiatric disorders: a systematic review |journal=Frontiers in Neurology |volume=14 |article-number=1100067 |doi=10.3389/fneur.2023.1100067 |issn=1664-2295 |pmc=10349201 |pmid=37456650 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Lesion network mapping applies a network-based approach to identify connected brain networks, rather than focal brain regions, that correlate with a specific symptom.
In focal neuroanatomic localization, developed by Paul Broca and others, specific symptoms that occur due to brain lesions can be understood by identifying a specific brain region that is injured by lesions to establish brain-symptom relationships.<ref name=":1" /> However, a number of neurologic symptoms, such as peduncular hallucinosis, are not amenable to this approach since the lesions associated with the symptom do not map to one focal brain location.<ref name=":0" /> Lesion network mapping helps to explain these lesion-induced syndromes by showing that lesion locations associated with a given symptom all map to a shared brain network even if they do not all map to a focal brain region.<ref name=":1" /> The technique maps the location of lesions associated with a specific symptom and analyzes the connectivity pattern of the lesions compared to large, standardized human brain atlases. While initially developed using resting-state fMRIs such as the Human Connectome Project,<ref name=":0" /> the technique has been expanded to include large structural network atlases <ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Bowren |first1=Mark |last2=Bruss |first2=Joel |last3=Manzel |first3=Kenneth |last4=Edwards |first4=Dylan |last5=Liu |first5=Charles |last6=Corbetta |first6=Maurizio |last7=Tranel |first7=Daniel |last8=Boes |first8=Aaron D. |date=2022-05-24 |title=Post-stroke outcomes predicted from multivariate lesion-behaviour and lesion network mapping |journal=Brain: A Journal of Neurology |volume=145 |issue=4 |pages=1338–1353 |doi=10.1093/brain/awac010 |issn=1460-2156 |pmc=9630711 |pmid=35025994}}</ref> and multimodal-connectome datasets.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Jimenez-Marin |first1=A. |last2=De Bruyn |first2=N. |last3=Gooijers |first3=J. |last4=Llera |first4=A. |last5=Meyer |first5=S. |last6=Alaerts |first6=K. |last7=Verheyden |first7=G. |last8=Swinnen |first8=S. P. |last9=Cortes |first9=J. M. |title=Multimodal and multidomain lesion network mapping enhances prediction of sensorimotor behavior in stroke patients |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=12 |issue=1 |page=22400 |date=2022-12-27 |doi=10.1038/s41598-022-26945-x |issn=2045-2322 |pmid=36575263 |pmc=9794717 |bibcode=2022NatSR..1222400J }}</ref> Software tools for that facilitate lesion network mapping exist within the Lead-DBS framework,<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Bowren |first1=Mark |last2=Bruss |first2=Joel |last3=Manzel |first3=Kenneth |last4=Edwards |first4=Dylan |last5=Liu |first5=Charles |last6=Corbetta |first6=Maurizio |last7=Tranel |first7=Daniel |last8=Boes |first8=Aaron D |date=2022-05-24 |title=Post-stroke outcomes predicted from multivariate lesion-behaviour and lesion network mapping |url=https://academic.oup.com/brain/article/145/4/1338/6506442 |journal=Brain |language=en |volume=145 |issue=4 |pages=1338–1353 |doi=10.1093/brain/awac010 |issn=0006-8950 |pmc=9630711 |pmid=35025994}}</ref> which is also used for a related technique, DBS network mapping.
Lesion network mapping has helped map the network anatomy of numerous rare neurologic syndromes (peduncular hallucinosis,<ref name=":0" /> delusional misidentification,<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Darby |first1=R. Ryan |last2=Laganiere |first2=Simon |last3=Pascual-Leone |first3=Alvaro |last4=Prasad |first4=Sashank |last5=Fox |first5=Michael D. |date=February 2017 |title=Finding the imposter: brain connectivity of lesions causing delusional misidentifications |journal=Brain: A Journal of Neurology |volume=140 |issue=2 |pages=497–507 |doi=10.1093/brain/aww288 |issn=1460-2156 |pmc=5278302 |pmid=28082298}}</ref> reduplicative paramensia,<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Diamantaras |first1=A. A. |last2=Blondiaux |first2=E. |last3=Schumacher |first3=R. |last4=Müri |first4=R. M. |last5=Blanke |first5=O. |last6=Heydrich |first6=L. |date=2023-07-10 |title=The neuropsychology and neuroanatomy of reduplicative paramnesia |journal=Cortex; A Journal Devoted to the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior |volume=167 |pages=12–24 |doi=10.1016/j.cortex.2023.06.006 |issn=1973-8102 |pmid=37515831|doi-access=free }}</ref> akinetic mutism,<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal |last1=Darby |first1=R. Ryan |last2=Joutsa |first2=Juho |last3=Burke |first3=Matthew J. |last4=Fox |first4=Michael D. |date=2018-10-16 |title=Lesion network localization of free will |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=115 |issue=42 |pages=10792–10797 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1814117115 |issn=1091-6490 |pmc=6196503 |pmid=30275309 |bibcode=2018PNAS..11510792D |doi-access=free }}</ref> blindsight,<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Kletenik |first1=Isaiah |last2=Ferguson |first2=Michael A. |last3=Bateman |first3=James R. |last4=Cohen |first4=Alexander L. |last5=Lin |first5=Christopher |last6=Tetreault |first6=Aaron |last7=Pelak |first7=Victoria S. |last8=Anderson |first8=Clark Alan |last9=Prasad |first9=Sashank |last10=Darby |first10=Richard Ryan |last11=Fox |first11=Michael D. |date=February 2022 |title=Network Localization of Unconscious Visual Perception in Blindsight |journal=Annals of Neurology |volume=91 |issue=2 |pages=217–224 |doi=10.1002/ana.26292 |issn=1531-8249 |pmc=10013845 |pmid=34961965}}</ref> visual anosognosia<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Kletenik |first1=Isaiah |last2=Gaudet |first2=Kyla |last3=Prasad |first3=Sashank |last4=Cohen |first4=Alexander L. |last5=Fox |first5=Michael D. |date=2023-06-08 |title=Network Localization of Awareness in Visual and Motor Anosognosia |journal=Annals of Neurology |volume=94 |issue=3 |pages=434–441 |doi=10.1002/ana.26709 |issn=1531-8249 |pmid=37289520|s2cid=259119253 |doi-access=free |pmc=10524951 }}</ref>), common neurologic syndromes (seizures,<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Schaper |first1=Frederic L. W. V. J. |last2=Nordberg |first2=Janne |last3=Cohen |first3=Alexander L. |last4=Lin |first4=Christopher |last5=Hsu |first5=Joey |last6=Horn |first6=Andreas |last7=Ferguson |first7=Michael A. |last8=Siddiqi |first8=Shan H. |last9=Drew |first9=William |last10=Soussand |first10=Louis |last11=Winkler |first11=Anderson M. |last12=Simó |first12=Marta |last13=Bruna |first13=Jordi |last14=Rheims |first14=Sylvain |last15=Guenot |first15=Marc |date=2023-07-03 |title=Mapping Lesion-Related Epilepsy to a Human Brain Network |journal=JAMA Neurology |volume=80 |issue=9 |pages=891–902 |language=en |doi=10.1001/jamaneurol.2023.1988 |issn=2168-6149 |pmc=10318550 |pmid=37399040}}</ref> aphasia,<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Wawrzyniak |first1=Max |last2=Schneider |first2=Hans R. |last3=Klingbeil |first3=Julian |last4=Stockert |first4=Anika |last5=Hartwigsen |first5=Gesa |last6=Weiller |first6=Cornelius |last7=Saur |first7=Dorothee |date=2022-05-01 |title=Resolution of diaschisis contributes to early recovery from post-stroke aphasia |journal=NeuroImage |volume=251 |article-number=119001 |doi=10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119001 |issn=1095-9572 |pmid=35172200|doi-access=free }}</ref> amnesia,<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Ferguson |first1=Michael A. |last2=Lim |first2=Chun |last3=Cooke |first3=Danielle |last4=Darby |first4=R. Ryan |last5=Wu |first5=Ona |last6=Rost |first6=Natalia S. |last7=Corbetta |first7=Maurizio |last8=Grafman |first8=Jordan |last9=Fox |first9=Michael D. |date=2019-08-02 |title=A human memory circuit derived from brain lesions causing amnesia |journal=Nature Communications |language=en |volume=10 |issue=1 |page=3497 |doi=10.1038/s41467-019-11353-z |issn=2041-1723 |pmc=6677746 |pmid=31375668|bibcode=2019NatCo..10.3497F }}</ref> parkinsonism,<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Joutsa |first1=Juho |last2=Horn |first2=Andreas |last3=Hsu |first3=Joey |last4=Fox |first4=Michael D. |date=2018-08-01 |title=Localizing parkinsonism based on focal brain lesions |journal=Brain: A Journal of Neurology |volume=141 |issue=8 |pages=2445–2456 |doi=10.1093/brain/awy161 |issn=1460-2156 |pmc=6061866 |pmid=29982424}}</ref> topographical disorientation<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Roseman |first1=Moshe |last2=Elias |first2=Uri |last3=Kletenik |first3=Isaiah |last4=Ferguson |first4=Michael A. |last5=Fox |first5=Michael D. |last6=Horowitz |first6=Zalman |last7=Marshall |first7=Gad A. |last8=Spiers |first8=Hugo J. |last9=Arzy |first9=Shahar |date=2023-12-13 |title=A neural circuit for spatial orientation derived from brain lesions |journal=Cerebral Cortex |volume=34 |issue=1 |article-number=bhad486 |doi=10.1093/cercor/bhad486 |issn=1460-2199 |pmid=38100330|pmc=10793567 }}</ref>), psychiatric syndromes<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Taylor |first1=Joseph J. |last2=Lin |first2=Christopher |last3=Talmasov |first3=Daniel |last4=Ferguson |first4=Michael A. |last5=Schaper |first5=Frederic L. W. V. J. |last6=Jiang |first6=Jing |last7=Goodkind |first7=Madeleine |last8=Grafman |first8=Jordan |last9=Etkin |first9=Amit |last10=Siddiqi |first10=Shan H. |last11=Fox |first11=Michael D. |date=March 2023 |title=A transdiagnostic network for psychiatric illness derived from atrophy and lesions |journal=Nature Human Behaviour |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=420–429 |doi=10.1038/s41562-022-01501-9 |issn=2397-3374 |pmc=10236501 |pmid=36635585 }}</ref> (depression,<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Padmanabhan |first1=Jaya L. |last2=Cooke |first2=Danielle |last3=Joutsa |first3=Juho |last4=Siddiqi |first4=Shan H. |last5=Ferguson |first5=Michael |last6=Darby |first6=R. Ryan |last7=Soussand |first7=Louis |last8=Horn |first8=Andreas |last9=Kim |first9=Na Young |last10=Voss |first10=Joel L. |last11=Naidech |first11=Andrew M. |last12=Brodtmann |first12=Amy |last13=Egorova |first13=Natalia |last14=Gozzi |first14=Sophia |last15=Phan |first15=Thanh G. |date=2019-11-15 |title=A Human Depression Circuit Derived From Focal Brain Lesions |journal=Biological Psychiatry |volume=86 |issue=10 |pages=749–758 |doi=10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.07.023 |issn=1873-2402 |pmc=7531583 |pmid=31561861}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last1=Siddiqi |first1=Shan H. |last2=Schaper |first2=Frederic L. W. V. J. |last3=Horn |first3=Andreas |last4=Hsu |first4=Joey |last5=Padmanabhan |first5=Jaya L. |last6=Brodtmann |first6=Amy |last7=Cash |first7=Robin F. H. |last8=Corbetta |first8=Maurizio |last9=Choi |first9=Ki Sueng |last10=Dougherty |first10=Darin D. |last11=Egorova |first11=Natalia |last12=Fitzgerald |first12=Paul B. |last13=George |first13=Mark S. |last14=Gozzi |first14=Sophia A. |last15=Irmen |first15=Frederike |date=2021-07-08 |title=Brain stimulation and brain lesions converge on common causal circuits in neuropsychiatric disease |journal=Nature Human Behaviour |language=en |volume=5 |issue=12 |pages=1707–1716 |doi=10.1038/s41562-021-01161-1 |issn=2397-3374 |pmc=8688172 |pmid=34239076|hdl=11577/3398294 }}</ref> mania<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Cotovio |first1=Gonçalo |last2=Talmasov |first2=Daniel |last3=Barahona-Corrêa |first3=J. Bernardo |last4=Hsu |first4=Joey |last5=Senova |first5=Suhan |last6=Ribeiro |first6=Ricardo |last7=Soussand |first7=Louis |last8=Velosa |first8=Ana |last9=Silva |first9=Vera Cruz E. |last10=Rost |first10=Natalia |last11=Wu |first11=Ona |last12=Cohen |first12=Alexander L. |last13=Oliveira-Maia |first13=Albino J. |last14=Fox |first14=Michael D. |date=2020-10-01 |title=Mapping mania symptoms based on focal brain damage |journal=The Journal of Clinical Investigation |volume=130 |issue=10 |pages=5209–5222 |doi=10.1172/JCI136096 |issn=1558-8238 |pmc=7524493 |pmid=32831292}}</ref>), as well as complex human behaviors (spirituality,<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last1=Ferguson |first1=Michael A. |last2=Schaper |first2=Frederic L. W. V. J. |last3=Cohen |first3=Alexander |last4=Siddiqi |first4=Shan |last5=Merrill |first5=Sarah M. |last6=Nielsen |first6=Jared A. |last7=Grafman |first7=Jordan |last8=Urgesi |first8=Cosimo |last9=Fabbro |first9=Franco |last10=Fox |first10=Michael D. |date=2022-02-15 |title=A Neural Circuit for Spirituality and Religiosity Derived From Patients With Brain Lesions |journal=Biological Psychiatry |volume=91 |issue=4 |pages=380–388 |doi=10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.06.016 |issn=1873-2402 |pmc=8714871 |pmid=34454698}}</ref> religious fundamentalism,<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Ferguson |first1=Michael A. |last2=Asp |first2=Erik W. |last3=Kletenik |first3=Isaiah |last4=Tranel |first4=Daniel |last5=Boes |first5=Aaron D. |last6=Nelson |first6=Jenae M. |last7=Schaper |first7=Frederic L. W. V. J. |last8=Siddiqi |first8=Shan |last9=Turner |first9=Joseph I. |last10=Anderson |first10=J. Seth |last11=Nielsen |first11=Jared A. |last12=Bateman |first12=James R. |last13=Grafman |first13=Jordan |last14=Fox |first14=Michael D. |date=2024-09-03 |title=A neural network for religious fundamentalism derived from patients with brain lesions |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |language=en |volume=121 |issue=36 |article-number=e2322399121 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2322399121 |pmid=39190343 |pmc=11388357 |bibcode=2024PNAS..12122399F |issn=0027-8424}}</ref> consciousness,<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Fischer |first1=David B. |last2=Boes |first2=Aaron D. |last3=Demertzi |first3=Athena |last4=Evrard |first4=Henry C. |last5=Laureys |first5=Steven |last6=Edlow |first6=Brian L. |last7=Liu |first7=Hesheng |last8=Saper |first8=Clifford B. |last9=Pascual-Leone |first9=Alvaro |last10=Fox |first10=Michael D. |last11=Geerling |first11=Joel C. |date=2016-12-06 |title=A human brain network derived from coma-causing brainstem lesions |journal=Neurology |volume=87 |issue=23 |pages=2427–2434 |doi=10.1212/WNL.0000000000003404 |issn=1526-632X |pmc=5177681 |pmid=27815400}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Snider |first1=Samuel B. |last2=Hsu |first2=Joey |last3=Darby |first3=R. Ryan |last4=Cooke |first4=Danielle |last5=Fischer |first5=David |last6=Cohen |first6=Alexander L. |last7=Grafman |first7=Jordan H. |last8=Fox |first8=Michael D. |date=2020-04-15 |title=Cortical lesions causing loss of consciousness are anticorrelated with the dorsal brainstem |journal=Human Brain Mapping |volume=41 |issue=6 |pages=1520–1531 |doi=10.1002/hbm.24892 |issn=1097-0193 |pmc=7268053 |pmid=31904898}}</ref> free will,<ref name=":4" /> criminality,<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Darby |first1=R. Ryan |last2=Horn |first2=Andreas |last3=Cushman |first3=Fiery |last4=Fox |first4=Michael D. |date=2018-01-16 |title=Lesion network localization of criminal behavior |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |language=en |volume=115 |issue=3 |pages=601–606 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1706587115 |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=5776958 |pmid=29255017 |bibcode=2018PNAS..115..601D |doi-access=free }}</ref> addiction<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Joutsa |first1=Juho |last2=Moussawi |first2=Khaled |last3=Siddiqi |first3=Shan H. |last4=Abdolahi |first4=Amir |last5=Drew |first5=William |last6=Cohen |first6=Alexander L. |last7=Ross |first7=Thomas J. |last8=Deshpande |first8=Harshawardhan U. |last9=Wang |first9=Henry Z. |last10=Bruss |first10=Joel |last11=Stein |first11=Elliot A. |last12=Volkow |first12=Nora D. |last13=Grafman |first13=Jordan H. |last14=van Wijngaarden |first14=Edwin |last15=Boes |first15=Aaron D. |date=June 2022 |title=Brain lesions disrupting addiction map to a common human brain circuit |journal=Nature Medicine |language=en |volume=28 |issue=6 |pages=1249–1255 |doi=10.1038/s41591-022-01834-y |issn=1078-8956 |pmc=9205767 |pmid=35697842}}</ref>). The technique has been successfully applied to a broad range of diseases and lesion types including lesions due to stroke,<ref name=":0" /> traumatic brain injury,<ref name=":2" /> tuberous sclerosis<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Cohen |first1=Alexander L. |last2=Mulder |first2=Brechtje P. F. |last3=Prohl |first3=Anna K. |last4=Soussand |first4=Louis |last5=Davis |first5=Peter |last6=Kroeck |first6=Mallory R. |last7=McManus |first7=Peter |last8=Gholipour |first8=Ali |last9=Scherrer |first9=Benoit |last10=Bebin |first10=E. Martina |last11=Wu |first11=Joyce Y. |last12=Northrup |first12=Hope |last13=Krueger |first13=Darcy A. |last14=Sahin |first14=Mustafa |last15=Warfield |first15=Simon K. |date=April 2021 |title=Tuber Locations Associated with Infantile Spasms Map to a Common Brain Network |journal=Annals of Neurology |language=en |volume=89 |issue=4 |pages=726–739 |doi=10.1002/ana.26015 |issn=0364-5134 |pmc=7969435 |pmid=33410532}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Cohen |first1=Alexander L. |last2=Kroeck |first2=Mallory R. |last3=Wall |first3=Juliana |last4=McManus |first4=Peter |last5=Ovchinnikova |first5=Arina |last6=Sahin |first6=Mustafa |last7=Krueger |first7=Darcy A. |last8=Bebin |first8=E. Martina |last9=Northrup |first9=Hope |last10=Wu |first10=Joyce Y. |last11=Warfield |first11=Simon K. |last12=Peters |first12=Jurriaan M. |last13=Fox |first13=Michael D. |last14=the Tuberous Sclerosis Complex Autism Center of Excellence Network Study Group |date=March 2023 |title=Tubers Affecting the Fusiform Face Area Are Associated with Autism Diagnosis |journal=Annals of Neurology |language=en |volume=93 |issue=3 |pages=577–590 |doi=10.1002/ana.26551 |issn=0364-5134 |pmc=9974824 |pmid=36394118 }}</ref> and multiple sclerosis.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Kletenik |first1=Isaiah |last2=Cohen |first2=Alexander L. |last3=Glanz |first3=Bonnie I. |last4=Ferguson |first4=Michael A. |last5=Tauhid |first5=Shahamat |last6=Li |first6=Jing |last7=Drew |first7=William |last8=Polgar-Turcsanyi |first8=Mariann |last9=Palotai |first9=Miklos |last10=Siddiqi |first10=Shan H. |last11=Marshall |first11=Gad A. |last12=Chitnis |first12=Tanuja |last13=Guttmann |first13=Charles R. G. |last14=Bakshi |first14=Rohit |last15=Fox |first15=Michael D. |date=2023-08-02 |title=Multiple sclerosis lesions that impair memory map to a connected memory circuit |journal=Journal of Neurology |volume=270 |issue=11 |pages=5211–5222 |doi=10.1007/s00415-023-11907-8 |issn=1432-1459 |pmid=37532802|pmc=10592111 |s2cid=260433348 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Siddiqi |first1=Shan H. |last2=Kletenik |first2=Isaiah |last3=Anderson |first3=Mark C. |last4=Cavallari |first4=Michele |last5=Chitnis |first5=Tanuja |last6=Glanz |first6=Bonnie I. |last7=Khalil |first7=Samar |last8=Palotai |first8=Miklos |last9=Bakshi |first9=Rohit |last10=Guttmann |first10=Charles R. G. |last11=Fox |first11=Michael D. |date=2023-01-19 |title=Lesion network localization of depression in multiple sclerosis |journal=Nature Mental Health |language=en |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=36–44 |doi=10.1038/s44220-022-00002-y |issn=2731-6076|doi-access=free }}</ref> The technique has been broadened to map the connectivity of locations from transcranial magnetic stimulation<ref name=":3" /> and deep brain stimulation<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Horn |first1=Andreas |last2=Reich |first2=Martin M. |last3=Ewert |first3=Siobhan |last4=Li |first4=Ningfei |last5=Al-Fatly |first5=Bassam |last6=Lange |first6=Florian |last7=Roothans |first7=Jonas |last8=Oxenford |first8=Simon |last9=Horn |first9=Isabel |last10=Paschen |first10=Steffen |last11=Runge |first11=Joachim |last12=Wodarg |first12=Fritz |last13=Witt |first13=Karsten |last14=Nickl |first14=Robert C. |last15=Wittstock |first15=Matthias |date=2022-04-05 |title=Optimal deep brain stimulation sites and networks for cervical vs. generalized dystonia |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |language=en |volume=119 |issue=14 |article-number=e2114985119 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2114985119 |doi-access=free |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=9168456 |pmid=35357970|bibcode=2022PNAS..11914985H }}</ref> sites to understand treatment responsiveness.
Research findings based on lesion network mapping have been reported in the New York Times,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mueller |first=Benjamin |date=2022-06-13 |title=They Were Cigarette Smokers. Then a Stroke Vanquished Their Addiction. |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/13/health/cigarette-smokers-stroke-addiction.html |access-date=2023-08-18 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Scientific American<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gholipour |first=Bahar |title=How Brain Injuries Deprive People of a Sense of Free Will |url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-brain-injuries-deprive-people-of-a-sense-of-free-will/ |access-date=2023-08-18 |website=Scientific American |date=January 2019 |language=en}}</ref> and USA Today<ref>{{Cite web |title=Spirituality and sense of awe seem to be hard-wired into our brains, researchers find |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/health/2021/07/07/brain-circuit-spirituality-identified-harvard-study-shows/7843716002/ |access-date=2023-08-18 |website=USA TODAY |language=en-US}}</ref> and the term has been included in the New England Journal of Medicine's general medical glossary.<ref name="NEJM"/>
== References == {{Reflist}}
Category:Neuroimaging Category:Neurology Category:Neural networks Category:Cognitive neuroscience Category:Brain disorders Category:Data analysis