Leptaena

{{Short description|Genus of paleozoic brachiopods}} {{Automatic taxobox | fossil_range = {{fossil range|Darriwilian|Emsian|latest=Tournaisian}} | image = Leptaena romboidalis 4.jpg | image_caption = ''Leptaena rhomboidalis'' | taxon = Leptaena | authority = Dalman, 1828 | type_species = ''Leptaena rugosa'' | type_species_authority = Dalman, 1828 | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = {{center|See Species}} | synonyms = *''Kurnamena'' Roomusoks, 1989 *''Leptaenopoma'' Marek and Havlíček, 1967 *''Orhoria'' Havlicek and Storch, 1990 *''Similoleptaena'' Roomusoks, 1989 *''Turgenostrophia'' }}

'''''Leptaena''''' is an extinct genus of mid-sized brachiopod that existed from the Dariwilian epoch to the Emsian epoch,<ref name='Smithsonian'>{{cite web |last1=Plaza-Torres |first1=Stephanie |last2=Darroch |first2=Simon |last3=Wagner |first3=Peter |title=Family tree of a mass extinction survivor: Phylogenetic analysis of the brachiopod genus Leptaena |url=https://naturalhistory.si.edu/sites/default/files/media/file/2015-plaza-torres-poster.pdf |publisher=Smithsonian |accessdate=31 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hoel |first1=Ole |title=Palaeobiology of Silurian Leptaeninae (Brachiopoda) from Gotland, Sweden |journal= Paleontology Journal|date=21 January 2014 |volume=2014 |pages=1–14 |doi=10.1155/2014/716053 |doi-access=free }}</ref> though some specimens have been found in strata as late in age as the Tournasian epoch.<ref name='Smithsonian'/><ref name='PBD'>[https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=319542 Paleobiology Database]</ref> Like some other Strophomenids, ''Lepteana'' were epifaunal, meaning they lived on top of the seafloor, not buried within it, and were suspension feeders.<ref name='Atlas'>{{cite web |last1=Stigall |first1=Alycia |title=Leptaena |url=http://www.ordovicianatlas.org/atlas/brachiopoda/strophomenata/strophomenida/rafinesquinidae/leptaena/ |website=Atlas of Ordovician Life |date=3 December 2013 |publisher=National Science Foundation |accessdate=26 March 2020}}</ref>

==Physical description== ''Leptaena'' usually have concentric wrinkling and concentric lines on the shell. ''Leptaena'' have a concavo-convex profile, and are sometimes Semiquadrate to semielliptical. The Cardinal Process is split in two and the hinge line is straight.<ref name='Atlas'/> Their width is usually greater than their length, like most Strophomenids.

==Distribution== ''Leptaena'' fossils have been found on every continent except Antarctica.<ref name=PBD/><ref>[https://www.gbif.org/species/8338992 Global Biodiversity Information Facility]</ref><ref name='Fossilworks'>{{Cite web |url=https://www.fossilworks.org/ |title=Fossilworks |access-date=2024-11-18 |archive-date=2022-08-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819182839/https://www.fossilworks.org/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Species== ''Leptaena'' was a diverse genus, with over 70 recognized species and subgenera. Species in the genus ''Leptaena'' include the following.<ref name='PBD'/><ref name='Fossilworks'/><ref>[http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2019/browse/tree/id/a46215ccac957d327beae93d4a649dea Catalog of Life]</ref> Any synonymous genera to which a given species may belong to are labelled with the synonymous genus in parentheses. {{div col|colwidth=22em}} *''L. acuta (Kurnamena)'' (Roomusoks, 2004) *''L. acuticuspidata'' Amsden, 1958 *''L. aequalis'' Amsden, 1974 *''L. alliku'' (Oraspold, 1956) *''L. altera'' Rybnikova, 1966 *''L. amelia'' (Havlicek, 1967) *''L. analogaeformis'' Biernat, 1966 *''L. arberae'' Kelly, 1967 *''L. argentina'' (Thomas, 1905) *''L. bergstroemi'' Cocks, 2005 *''L. borghiana'' Mergl & Massa, 1992 *''L. boyaca'' Caster, 1939 *''L. contermina'' Cocks, 1968 *''L. convexa'' Weller, 1914 *''L. cooperi'' Easton et al., 1958 *''L. crassorugata (Similoleptaena)'' (Rõõmusoks, 2004) *''L. croma'' (Havlicek & Storch, 1990) *''L.crypta'' Opik, 1930 *''L. cryptoides'' (Oraspold, 1956) *''L. dejecta'' (Baarli, 1995) *''L. delicata'' Amsden, 1949 *''L. depressa'' (Sowerby, 1825) *''L. diademata'' (Williams, 1962) *''L. electra'' (Havlicek, 1967) *''L. ennessbe'' Spjeldnaes, 1957 *''L. enucleata'' Klenina, 1984 *''L. eska'' Gallager & Harper, 2024<ref>Gallagher, E. E.; Harper, D. A. T. (2024). "Silurian brachiopods from the Pentland Hills, Scotland". Monographs of the Palaeontographical Society. 177 (666): 1–69. doi:10.1080/02693445.2023.2307703.</ref> *''L. friedrichi (Similoleptaena)'' (Rõõmusoks, 2004) *''L. gibbosa'' (James, 1874) *''L. haverfordensis'' Bancroft, 1949 *''L. holcrofti'' Bassett, 1974 *''L. indigena'' Spjeldnaes, 1957 *''L. infrunita'' (Williams, 1962) *''L. ingrica (Similoleptaena)'' (Rõõmusoks, 2004) *''L. juvenilis'' (Öpik, 1930) *''L. kentuckiana'' Pope, 1982 *''L. lappa'' (Havlicek & Storch, 1990) *''L. lappina'' (Havlicek & Storch, 1990) *''L. laterorugata (Kurnamena)'' (Roomusoks, 1989) *''L. lemniscata'' (Havlicek, 1967) *''L. limbifera'' (Havlicek, 1967) *''L. martinensis'' Cocks, 1968 *''L. moniquensis'' Foerste, 1924 *''L. nanaformis'' Zhang et al., 1983 *''L. nassichuki'' Smith, 1980 *''L. odeon'' Havlicek, 1967 *''L. oklahomensis'' Amsden, 1951 *''L. ordovicica'' (Cooper, 1956) *''L. orhor'' (Havlicek & Storch, 1990) *''L. palmrei (Kurnamena)'' (Roomusoks, 2004) *''L. parvirugata'' Hoel, 2005 *''L. parvissima'' Ivanovskii & Kulkov, 1974 *''L. paucirugata'' (Roomusoks 1989) *''L. pertenuis (Similoleptaena)'' (Rõõmusoks, 2004) *''L. planitia (Similoleptaena)'' (Rõõmusoks, 2004) *''L. poulseni'' Kelly, 1967 *''L. praequalis'' Rozman, 1977 *''L. provellerosa'' (Havlicek & Storch, 1990) *''L. purpurea'' Cocks, 1968 *''L. quadrata'' Bancroft, 1949 *''L. quadrilatera'' (Logan, 1863) *''L. rara'' (Alekseeva and Erlanger, 1983) *''L. reedi'' Cocks, 1968 *''L. rhomboidalis'' (Wahlanberg, 1818) *''L. richmondensis'' Foerste, 1909 *''L. roomusoki'' Cocks, 2005 *''L. rugata'' (Lindström, 1861) *''L. rugaurita'' (Havlicek, 1967) *''L. rugosa'' (Dalman, 1828) *''L. rugosides'' Oraspold, 1956 *''L. salopiensis'' (Williams, 1963) *''L. semiradiata'' Sowerby, 1842 *''L. senecta'' Roomusoks, 2004 *''L. sperion'' Bassett, 1977 *''L. spumiferra (Kurnamea)'' (Opik, 1930) *''L. strandi'' (Spjeldnaes, 1957) *''L. tarwanpensis (Similoleptaena)'' (Rõõmusoks, 2004) *''L. taxilla (Kurnamena)'' (Oraspold, 1965) *''L. tenuissimestriata'' McCoy, 1852 *''L. tenuistrata'' Sowerby, 1839 *''L. tenuistriata'' (de Sowerby and Murchison, 1839) *''L. trifidium (Leptaenopoma)'' (Marek and Havlíček, 1967) *''L. trifidum'' (Marek and Havlíček, 1967) *''L. undosa (Similoleptaena)'' (Rõõmusoks, 2004) *''L. valentia'' (Cocks, 1968) *''L. valida'' Bancroft, 1949 *''L. veldrensis'' Spjeldnaes, 1957 *''L. vellerosa'' Havlicek, 1967 *''L. ventricosa'' Williams, 1963 *''L. zeta'' Lamont, 1947 *''L. ziegleri'' Cocks, 1968 {{div col end}}

==References== {{Portal|Paleontology}} {{Reflist}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q2127212}}

Category:Prehistoric brachiopods Category:Strophomenida Category:Prehistoric brachiopod genera Category:Ordovician brachiopods Category:Silurian brachiopods Category:Devonian brachiopods Category:Paleozoic animals of Africa Category:Paleozoic brachiopods of Asia Category:Paleozoic animals of Australia Category:Paleozoic animals of Europe Category:Paleozoic brachiopods of North America Category:Paleozoic animals of Oceania Category:Paleozoic brachiopods of South America Category:Paleozoic brachiopods of Africa Category:Paleozoic brachiopods of Europe Category:Paleozoic brachiopods of Oceania Category:Fossils of Afghanistan Category:Fossils of Argentina Category:Fossils of Australia Category:Fossils of Belarus Category:Fossils of Bolivia Category:Fossils of Canada Category:Paleozoic life of Manitoba Category:Paleozoic life of New Brunswick Category:Paleozoic life of Newfoundland and Labrador Category:Paleozoic life of Nova Scotia Category:Paleozoic life of the Northwest Territories Category:Paleozoic life of Nunavut Category:Paleozoic life of Ontario Category:Paleozoic life of Quebec Category:Paleozoic life of Yukon Category:Fossils of China Category:Fossils of Colombia Category:Fossils of the Czech Republic Category:Fossils of Estonia Category:Fossils of France Category:Fossils of Germany Category:Fossils of Greenland Category:Fossils of Iran Category:Fossils of Ireland Category:Fossils of Italy Category:Fossils of Kazakhstan Category:Fossils of Latvia Category:Fossils of Lithuania Category:Fossils of Libya Category:Fossils of Mexico Category:Fossils of Mongolia Category:Fossils of Morocco Category:Fossils of Myanmar Category:Fossils of New Zealand Category:Fossils of Norway Category:Fossils of Poland Category:Fossils of Portugal Category:Fossils of Russia Category:Fossils of Spain Category:Fossils of Sweden Category:Fossils of Turkey Category:Fossils of Ukraine Category:Fossils of Great Britain Category:Fossils of the United States Category:Fossils of Georgia (U.S. state) Category:Fossils of Venezuela Category:Fossil taxa described in 1828