{{Short description|Argentine cardinal (born 1943)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}} {{Infobox Christian leader | type = Cardinal | honorific-prefix = [[His Eminence]] | name = Leonardo Sandri | honorific-suffix = | title = [[Vice Dean of the College of Cardinals]] | image = Argentine Cardinal Leonardo Sandri in 2014 (cropped).jpg | coat_of_arms = Coat of arms of Leonardo Sandri.svg | caption = Sandri in 2014 | province = | diocese = | see = | appointed = 18 January 2020 | ended = | predecessor = [[Giovanni Battista Re]] | successor = | ordination = 2 December 1967 | ordained_by = [[Juan Carlos Aramburu]] | consecration = 11 October 1997 | consecrated_by = [[Angelo Sodano]] | cardinal = 24 November 2007 | created_cardinal_by = [[Pope Benedict XVI]] | rank = {{unbulleted list|[[Cardinal deacon]] (2007–2018)|[[Cardinal priest]] (2018)|[[Cardinal bishop]] (2018–)}} | other_post = {{unbulleted list|[[San Carlo ai Catinari|Cardinal-Bishop of Santi Biagio e Carlo ai Catinari]]}} | previous_post = {{unbulleted list|Titular Archbishop of Aemona (1997–2007)|[[Apostolic Nuncio to Venezuela]] (1997–2000)|[[Apostolic Nuncio to Mexico]] (2000)|[[Secretariat of State (Holy See)|Substitute of the Secretariat of State]] (2000–2007)|[[Dicastery for the Eastern Churches|Prefect of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches]] (2007–2022)}} | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1943|11|18}} | birth_place = [[Buenos Aires]], [[Argentina]] | death_date = | death_place = | buried = | religion = Roman Catholic | motto = {{lang|la|Ille fidelis}}<br>(He remains faithful; {{Bibleverse|2 Timothy|2:13}}) | residence = | parents = | alma_mater = | signature = }} '''Leonardo Sandri''' (born 18 November 1943) is an Argentine prelate of the Catholic Church who has been a [[Cardinal (Catholic Church)|cardinal]] since November 2007 and vice dean of the [[College of Cardinals]] since January 2020. He was prefect of the [[Congregation for the Eastern Churches]] from 2007 to 2022. He served in the diplomatic service of the [[Holy See]] from 1974 to 1991 in several overseas assignments, including as a permanent observer of the Holy See before the Organization of American States from 1989 to 1991, and in Rome as Substitute for General Affairs in the [[Secretariat of State (Holy See)|Secretariat of State]] from 1999 to 2007.
==Biography==
===Early life and career=== Sandri was born in [[Buenos Aires]] to Antonio Enrico Sandri and Nella Righi, who had emigrated to [[Argentina]] from [[Ala, Trentino|Ala]], a village in [[Trentino]] in Italy.<ref name=vatican>{{cite web|publisher =[[Holy See Press Office]]|title=Sandri Card. Leonardo| date= 16 December 2011 | language = it | access-date = 1 August 2021 | url=https://www.vatican.va/news_services/press/documentazione/documents/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_sandri_l_it.html}}</ref> He studied [[humanities]], philosophy and [[theology]] at the [[Seminary|Metropolitan Seminary]] of Buenos Aires, and earned a [[Licentiate in Theology]] from the [[Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina]]. On 2 December 1967 he was [[Holy Orders|ordained]] to the priesthood by Archbishop [[Juan Carlos Aramburu]] and became his secretary.<ref name=fidele>{{cite news | work = La Croix | language = fr |date= 10 March 2013| access-date = 13 August 2019| url = https://www.la-croix.com/Religion/Actualite/Leonardo-Sandri-fidele-de-Jean-Paul-II-2013-03-10-919576 | title = Leonardo Sandri, fidèle de Jean-Paul II }}</ref>
He also served as curate of Nuestra Señora del Carmen in [[Villa Urquiza]] until 1970. He then studied at the [[Pontifical Gregorian University]], where he obtained a [[Doctor of Canon Law|doctorate in canon law]], and the [[South American College in Rome|Pontifical Latin American College]]. In 1971, he entered the [[Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy]], which trains [[Nuncio|papal diplomats]].<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy]]|language =it|access-date = 13 August 2019 | title = Pontificia Accademia Ecclesiastica, Ex-alunni 1950 – 1999 |url = https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/pontifical_academies/acdeccles/documents/1950-1999.htm }}</ref>
===Diplomat and curial official=== In 1974, Sandri became an official of the [[Apostolic Nunciature]] in Madagascar and [[Mauritius]], which also serves as the [[Nuncio|Apostolic Delegation]] in the islands of [[Comoros]] and [[Réunion]] in the Indian Ocean.<ref name=vatican/><ref name=fidele/> He then served in the [[Secretariat of State (Holy See)|Vatican Secretariat of State]], as secretary of the [[Secretariat of State (Holy See)|Substitute for General Affairs]], including future cardinals [[Eduardo Martinez Somalo]] and [[Edward Cassidy]] from 1977 to 1989; and in the [[Nunciature of the Holy See in Washington, D.C.|Apostolic Nunciature in the United States]] as [[Observer status|permanent observer]] of the [[Holy See]] before the [[Organization of American States]], from 1989 to 1991.<ref name=fidele/>
He became regent of the [[Prefecture of the Pontifical Household]] on 22 August 1991<ref name=prefect/> and assessor of the Section for General Affairs in the Secretariat of State on 2 April 1992.<ref>{{cite book | url = http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-84-1992-ocr.pdf | date= 1992 | volume = LXXXIV | page = 471| title= Acta Apostolicae Sedis | access-date = 6 May 2020}}</ref>
On 22 July 1997, Sandri was appointed [[Apostolic Nuncio to Venezuela]] and [[Titular bishop|Titular Archbishop]] of [[Aemona (Titular See)|Aemona]] by [[Pope John Paul II]].<ref>{{cite book | url = http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-89-1997-ocr.pdf | date= 1997 | volume = LXXXIX | page = 598 | title= Acta Apostolicae Sedis | access-date = 6 May 2020}}</ref> He received his [[Bishop (Catholicism)|episcopal consecration]] on the following 11 October from Cardinal [[Angelo Sodano]], with Cardinal Aramburu and Archbishop [[Giovanni Battista Re]] serving as [[Consecrator|co-consecrators]], at [[St. Peter's Basilica]]. He selected as his episcopal [[motto]]: ''"Ille Fidelis"'', meaning, "He (Christ) remains faithful" ({{bibleverse|2|Timothy|2:13}}). He was the first Argentinian to hold the title of Apostolic Nuncio.<ref>{{cite news | access-date = 13 August 2019 |date= 23 July 1997 | url = https://www.lanacion.com.ar/sociedad/mons-sandri-es-el-primer-nuncio-papal-argentino-nid73362 | language = es | work = La Nación | title = Mons. Sandri es el primer nuncio papal argentino}}</ref> After two years in [[Venezuela]], he was named [[Apostolic Nuncio to Mexico]] on 1 March 2000.<ref>{{cite press release |language=it|url= http://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2000/03/01/0134/00510.html |title=Rinunce e nomine, 03.01.2000 |publisher=Holy See Press Office |date=1 March 2000| access-date=12 August 2019}}</ref> During his brief tenure there he was tasked with restraining the Mexican bishops from intervening in political affairs.<ref name=fidele/>
[[File:Coat of arms of Leonardo Sandri.svg|thumb|left|180px|Coat of arms of Cardinal Sandri]] On 16 September 2000, he was named Substitute for General Affairs,<ref>{{cite press release |url= http://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2000/09/16/0538/01872.html |title=Rinunce e nomine, 16.09.2000 |publisher=Holy See Press Office|language=it |date=16 September 2000| access-date=12 August 2019}}</ref> a key position within the [[Roman Curia]], serving essentially as the [[chief of staff]] of the Secretariat of State.<ref name=uca>{{cite news|date=11 June 2007|work=UCA News|title=Key Vatican appointment signals that Benedict's chosen team fully in place|url=http://www.catholic.org/international/international_story.php?id=24348|last=O'Connell|first=Gerard|access-date=12 July 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100919000844/http://www.catholic.org/international/international_story.php?id=24348|archive-date=19 September 2010|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
As Pope John Paul's health declined, Sandri would read aloud the texts that the Pope could not deliver himself. On the evening of 2 April 2005, he announced the Pope's death from [[Saint Peter's Square]], saying "We all feel like orphans this evening."<ref name=bbc>{{cite news|date=3 April 2005|work=[[BBC]]|title=Pope John Paul II dies in Vatican|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4399715.stm}}</ref><ref name=fox>{{cite news|date=3 April 2005|work=[[Fox News Channel|Fox News]]|title=World Mourns Passing of Pope John Paul II| url=https://www.foxnews.com/story/world-mourns-passing-of-pope-john-paul-ii}}</ref>
====Theodore McCarrick controversy==== On 11 October 2006, while still serving in his sensitive position in the Vatican Secretariat of State, Sandri sent a letter to Father [[Boniface Ramsey]], a New York City pastor who was a seminary professor from 1986 to 1996. Sandri did not mention McCarrick, but referred to "the serious matters involving some of the students of the [[Immaculate Conception Seminary School of Theology|Immaculate Conception Seminary]], which in November 2000 you were good enough to bring confidentially to the attention of the then Apostolic Nuncio in the United States, the late Archbishop [[Gabriel Montalvo Higuera|Gabriel Montalvo]]."<ref name=sep7>{{cite news| url=https://www.catholicnews.com/services/englishnews/2018/letter-confirms-vatican-officials-knew-of-mccarrick-allegations-in-2000.cfm| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180907225621/http://www.catholicnews.com/services/englishnews/2018/letter-confirms-vatican-officials-knew-of-mccarrick-allegations-in-2000.cfm| url-status=dead| archive-date=7 September 2018|title=Letter confirms Vatican officials knew of McCarrick allegations in 2000|first1=Robert|last1=Duncan|first2=Junno Arocho|last2=Esteves|publisher=Catholic News Service|date=7 September 2018|access-date=19 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | work = Crux | access-date = 6 May 2020 | url = https://cruxnow.com/global-church/2018/10/argentinian-prelate-allegedly-acknowledged-mccarricks-misconduct/ | first= Elise | last = Harris | title= Argentinian prelate allegedly acknowledged McCarrick's misconduct | date= 4 October 2018 }}</ref> Ramsey's 2000 letter was about complaints of sexual abuse of seminarians on the part of Cardinal [[Theodore McCarrick]] when he was Archbishop of Newark (1986–2000). Ramsey made Sandri's letter public on 7 September 2018 to document that his letter to Montalvo had reached Rome and that the highest levels of the Vatican had long been aware of his charges against McCarrick.<ref name=sep7 /> By then McCarrick had resigned from the College of Cardinals, but he still faced a Church trial. In February 2019, the same month McCarrick was [[Loss of clerical state (Catholic Church)|laicized]] by the Vatican, an image of Sandri's 2006 letter was published by the media; it accompanied a ''[[Commonweal (magazine)|Commonweal]]'' article that Ramsey wrote.<ref name=imageofletter>{{cite news | work = Commonweal | access-date = 6 May 2020 | url = https://www.commonwealmagazine.org/case-theodore-mccarrick | date= 16 February 2019 | title= The Case of Theodore McCarrick: A Failure of Fraternal Correction| first = Boniface | last= Ramsey}}</ref> On 5 February 2020, journalist [[Thomas J. Reese]] cited the Sandri-Ramsey correspondence in calling for a full review of the Secretariat's files as part of the Vatican investigation into McCarrick and in order to determine who in the Vatican's highest levels knew what about the charges against McCarrick.<ref name=mccarrickassist>{{cite news|url=https://www.americamagazine.org/faith/2020/02/05/who-knew-what-about-former-cardinal-theodore-mccarrick|title=Who knew what about former Cardinal Theodore McCarrick?|first=Thomas J.|last=Reese|work=[[America (magazine)|America]] |date=5 February 2020 |access-date=19 April 2020}}</ref>
===Congregation for the Oriental Churches=== On 9 June 2007, Sandri was appointed [[prefect]] of the [[Congregation for the Oriental Churches]] by [[Pope Benedict XVI]].<ref name=prefect>{{cite press release |url= http://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2007/06/09/0312/00837.html |title=Rinunce e nomine, 09.06.2007|publisher=Holy See Press Office |date=9 June 2007| access-date=12 August 2019}}</ref> Succeeding [[Ignatius I Daoud]], he headed the [[Congregation (Roman Curia)|curial congregation]] that handles matters regarding the [[Eastern Catholic Churches]] and became the ''ex officio'' [[Chancellor (education)|Grand Chancellor]] of the [[Pontifical Oriental Institute]]. Pope Francis confirmed that appointment on 19 February 2014.<ref>{{cite news |work= Zenit | access-date = 13 August 2019 | url = https://zenit.org/articles/pope-confirms-cardinal-sandri-as-prefect-of-the-congregation-for-oriental-churches/ | title = Pope Confirms Cardinal Sandri as Prefect of the Congregation for Oriental Churches }}</ref>
Sandri visited the [[Holy Land]] in February 2008.<ref name=visit>{{cite news|date=27 February 2008|work=[[Catholic World News]]|title=Vatican Prelate Visiting Eastern Catholics in Holy Land|access-date = 13 August 2019| url=http://www.catholicculture.org/news/features/index.cfm?recnum=56889}}</ref> In April 2009, he lamented the emigration of Christians from that region: "This [[Israeli–Palestinian conflict|lack of peace]] makes Christians emigrate and leave their land behind. So we're left with a purely geological, physical presence of Jesus, and not with the presence of those that grew with him and lived his faith, and that continue to follow him today like disciples of his very homeland."<ref name=exodus>{{cite news|date=8 April 2009|work=Rome Reports|title=Vatican asks for help in stopping exodus of Christians from Holy Land|url=http://www.romereports.com/palio/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=480&newlang=english|access-date=12 July 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715202811/http://www.romereports.com/palio/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=480&newlang=english|archive-date=15 July 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2014 he called for an end to the forced removal of Christians from Iraq and Syria, saying that more than 100,000 Christians had left their homes in Iraq and "now wander to the city of Erbil in impossible conditions".<ref>{{cite news | access-date = 13 August 2019 | date= 8 August 2014 | url = https://zenit.org/articles/cardinal-sandri-these-are-acts-against-god-against-all-humanity/| work = Zenit | title = Cardinal Sandri: These Are Acts Against God, Against All Humanity}}</ref>
One analysis of the delay in the [[Beatification and Canonisation of Pope John Paul II|canonization process]] for John Paul II pointed to, among other things, Sandri's apparent reluctance to testify in the effort.<ref name=ncr>{{cite news|date=3 June 2009|access-date = 26 February 2020 | work=[[National Catholic Reporter]]|title=What's behind delay in JPII canonization?|url=http://ncronline.org/blogs/ncr-today/whats-behind-delay-jpii-canonization |last=Roberts|first=Tom}}</ref>
In November 2014 the Vatican lifted its 1929 ban on the ordination of married men to the priesthood by Eastern Catholic churches outside their traditional territories, including in the United States, Canada and Australia. Sandri signed the decree on 14 June 2014.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://ncronline.org/news/vatican/vatican-lifts-ban-married-priests-eastern-catholics-diaspora |access-date=25 August 2017 | work= National Catholic Reporter | date= 17 November 2014 | title= Vatican lifts ban on married priests for Eastern Catholics in diaspora |first=Laura |last=Ieraci |agency= Catholic News Service}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | access-date = 13 August 2019 | url = http://m.ncregister.com/daily-news/eastern-catholic-married-priesthood-authorized-in-north-america | work = National Catholic Register | date= 7 January 2015 | title = Eastern-Catholic Married Priesthood Authorized in North America | first = Peter Jesserer | last = Smith}}</ref>
===Cardinal=== {{Infobox cardinal styles| cardinal name=Leonardo Sandri| dipstyle=His Eminence| offstyle=Your Eminence| image=Coat of arms of Leonardo Sandri.svg| See=|}} Benedict XVI created him [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|Cardinal-Deacon]] of [[San Carlo ai Catinari]] in the [[papal consistory|consistory]] of 24 November 2007.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vatican.va/news_services/liturgy/2007/documents/ns_lit_doc_20071124_titoli_en.html|title=Titular Churches of the new Cardinals of the Roman Catholic Church|date=24 November 2007|publisher=[[Office for the Liturgical Celebrations of the Supreme Pontiff|Office of Papal Liturgical Celebrations]]|access-date=16 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160728233733/https://www.vatican.va/news_services/liturgy/2007/documents/ns_lit_doc_20071124_titoli_en.html|archive-date=28 July 2016|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Pope Names 23 New Cardinals|url=https://zenit.org/articles/pope-names-23-new-cardinals/|access-date=13 August 2019|work=Zenit|date=17 October 2007|archive-date=23 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170823022042/https://zenit.org/articles/pope-names-23-new-cardinals/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url = https://www.ncronline.org/news/complete-list-new-cardinals | access-date = 13 August 2019 | first = John L. | last = Allen Jr. | date= 17 October 2007 | title =Complete List of New Cardinals | work = National Catholic Reporter}}</ref> He delivered the message of thanksgiving to the pope on behalf of the new cardinals on that occasion.<ref name=address>{{cite news|date=24 November 2007| language = it| work=[[Holy See Press Office]]|title=Indirizzo di Omaggio del Card. Leonardo Sandri | access-date = 1 August 2021 | url= https://www.vatican.va/news_services/liturgy/2007/documents/ns_lit_doc_20071124_saluto-sandri.html}}</ref>
In April 2008, Sandri said that although the regime of [[Saddam Hussein]] was dictatorial, it is undeniable that Iraqi clergy and laity felt more secure under his regime and that their liturgical life went on undisturbed.<ref>{{cite interview| first= Leonardo | last = Sandri | interviewer= Gianni Cardinale| work=30 Days | access-date=28 June 2018| date= 1 April 2008| url=http://www.30giorni.it/articoli_id_17900_l3.htm | title= Christians are in danger of disappearing from Iraq}}</ref> [[File:Leonardo Sandri.jpg|thumb|200px|Cardinal Leonardo Sandri, 2008]] He was mentioned in the press as ''[[papabile]]'', a possible candidate for election to the papacy at the time of the [[resignation of Pope Benedict XVI]] in 2013.<ref>{{cite news|date= 8 March 2013 | url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-21657407|title=Pope: Runners and riders|work=BBC News|access-date = 13 August 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | access-date = 13 August 2019 | url = https://m.tandildiario.com/noticias/Nacionales/55799:4/El-argentino-que-puede-ser-Papa:-la-incre%C3%ADble-historia-de-Leonardo-Sandri.html | work = Tandil Diario | title = El argentino que puede ser Papa: la increíble historia de Leonardo Sandri | language = es | date = 28 February 2012 | archive-date = 13 August 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190813160012/https://m.tandildiario.com/noticias/Nacionales/55799:4/El-argentino-que-puede-ser-Papa:-la-incre%25C3%25ADble-historia-de-Leonardo-Sandri.html | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url = https://www.ncronline.org/blogs/ncr-today/papabile-day-men-who-could-be-pope-2 | access-date = 13 August 2019 | work = National Catholic Reporter | first = John L. | last = Allen Jr. | title = Papabile of the Day: The Men Who Could Be Pope | date= 20 February 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | work= Catholic Herald | access-date = 13 August 2019 | url = https://catholicherald.co.uk/the-men-who-could-be-pope-cardinal-leonardo-sandri/ | date= 9 March 2013 | title = The men who could be pope: Cardinal Leonardo Sandri | first = Mary | last = O'Regan }}</ref>
Sandri is also a member of the [[Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith]], [[Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples]], [[Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity]], [[Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue]], [[Pontifical Council for Legislative Texts]], [[Pontifical Commission for Latin America]] and [[Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State]].<ref name=vatican/> On 2 March 2010 he was appointed a member of the [[Congregation for Bishops]].<ref>{{cite press release |url= http://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2010/03/02/0122/00278.html |title=Rinunce e nomine, 02.03.2010|publisher=Holy See Press Office |date=2 March 2010| access-date=13 August 2019}}</ref> On 31 May 2011 he was appointed a member of the [[Apostolic Signatura]].<ref>{{cite press release |url= http://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2011/05/31/0335/00834.html |title=Rinunce e nomine, 31.05.2011|publisher=Holy See Press Office |date=31 May 2011| access-date=12 August 2019}}</ref> On 12 June 2012 Cardinal Sandri was appointed a member of the [[Congregation for Catholic Education]].<ref>{{cite press release |url= http://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2012/06/12/0348/00817.html |title=Rinunce e nomine, 12.06.2012|publisher=Holy See Press Office |date=12 June 2012| access-date=12 August 2019}}</ref>
Sandri, as Prefect of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches, was named by [[Pope Benedict XVI]] as one of four co-presidents of the Special Synod of Bishops for the Middle East held at the Vatican in October 2010.<ref>{{cite web | access-date = 13 August 2019 | url = http://www.synod.va/content/synod/en/synodal_assemblies/2010-special-assembly-for-the-middle-east---the-catholic-church-.html | title = Special Assembly for the Middle East – The Catholic Church in the Middle East: Communion and Witness (10-24 October 2010) | publisher = General Secretariat of the Synod of Bishops | archive-date = 3 July 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190703151144/http://www.synod.va/content/synod/en/synodal_assemblies/2010-special-assembly-for-the-middle-east---the-catholic-church-.html | url-status = dead }}</ref> He speaks English, French, German, Italian and Spanish.<ref name=fidele/>
In June 2005 Archbishop Sandri was awarded Knight Grand Cross of the [[Order of Merit of the Italian Republic]].<ref>{{cite web | language = it | website = Presidenza della Repubblica | url = http://www.quirinale.it/elementi/DettaglioOnorificenze.aspx?decorato=161542 |access-date = 13 August 2019 | title = Sandri S.E.R. Mons. Leonardo | date= 13 June 2005}}</ref>
He opted for the order of Cardinal Priests on 19 May 2018.<ref name=vatican/> Pope Francis raised him to the rank of Cardinal Bishop effective 28 June 2018.<ref>{{cite press release | publisher=Holy See Press Office | date= 26 June 2018 | access-date=28 June 2018 | url=http://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/bollettino/pubblico/2018/06/26/180626c.html |title= Rescriptum ex Audientia Ss.mi }}</ref> On 24 January 2020, Pope Francis approved his election as Vice Dean of the College of Cardinals by the nine Latin-rite cardinal-bishops.<ref>{{cite press release|title=Rinunce e Nomine, 25.01.2020| language= it |url= https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2020/01/25/0052/00120.html |access-date=25 January 2020|publisher=Holy See Press Office|date=25 January 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | access-date = 25 January 2020 | date= 25 January 2020 | url = https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/43388/cardinal-re-elected-new-dean-of-the-college-of-cardinals | publisher = Catholic News Agency | title = Cardinal Re elected new dean of the College of Cardinals |first= Courtney| last = Mares}}</ref> Pope Francis approved his election to a second five-year term as vice dean on 14 January 2025.<ref>{{cite press release |language=it |url=https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2025/02/06/0113/00233.html |title=Rinunce e nomine, 06.02.2025 |publisher=[[Holy See Press Office]] |access-date=6 February 2025 }}</ref>
Pope Francis named Archbishop [[Claudio Gugerotti]] to succeed him as prefect on 21 November 2022.<ref>{{cite press release | access-date = 22 November 2022 | date = 21 November 2022 | publisher = Holy See Press Office | language = it | url = https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2022/11/21/0867/01811.html | title = Rinunce e nomine (continuazione), 21.11.2022 }}</ref>
==References== {{Reflist}}
==Bibliography== * Leonardo Sandri, ''La problematica del "organo" en la teoria juridica civil y canonica'', Pontificia universitas gregoriana, Rome, 1978. {{OCLC|913279417}} (doctoral dissertation)
==External links== {{Commons category|Leonardo Sandri}} {{wikiquote}}
* {{cite web| access-date = 3 December 2017| title= Sandri Card. Leonardo |publisher= [[Holy See Press Office]] | url= https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_sandri_l.html | url-status=live | archive-date= 19 September 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160919102314/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_sandri_l.html }} * {{YouTube|DPQ9LnA4N3M|Salt+Light Media: Habemus Papabili – John Allen on Cardinal Leonardo Sandri}}
{{s-start}} {{s-dip}} {{s-bef|before=[[Crescenzio Sepe]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Secretariat of State (Holy See)|Assessor for General Affairs]]|years=2 April 1992 – 22 July 1997}} {{s-aft|after=[[James Michael Harvey]]}} {{s-break}} {{s-bef|before=[[Oriano Quilici]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Apostolic Nuncio to Venezuela]]|years=22 July 1997 – 1 March 2000}} {{s-aft|after=[[André Dupuy]]}} {{s-break}} {{s-bef|before=[[Justo Mullor García]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Apostolic Nuncio to Mexico]]|years=1 March 2000 – 16 September 2000}} {{s-aft|after=[[Giuseppe Bertello]]}} {{s-rel|ca}} {{s-bef|before=[[Dino Monduzzi]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Prefecture of the Papal Household|Regent of the Papal Household]]|years=22 August 1991 – 2 April 1992}} {{s-aft|after=Paolo De Nicolò}} {{s-break}} {{s-bef|before=Maximino Romero de Lema}} {{s-tul|title=[[Roman Catholic Diocese of Novigrad|Titular Archbishop of Novigrad]]|years=22 July 1997 – 24 November 2007}} {{s-aft|after=[[Beniamino Pizziol]]}} {{s-break}} {{s-bef|before=[[Giovanni Battista Re]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Secretariat of State (Vatican)|Substitute for General Affairs]]|years=16 September 2000 – 1 July 2007}} {{s-aft|after=[[Fernando Filoni]]}} {{s-break}} {{s-bef|before=[[Ignatius Moses I Daoud]]|rows=2}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Congregation for the Oriental Churches|Prefect of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches]]|years=1 July 2007 – 21 November 2022}} {{s-aft|after=[[Claudio Gugerotti]]|rows=2}} {{s-break}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Pontifical Oriental Institute|Grand Chancellor of the Pontifical Oriental Institute]]|years=1 July 2007 – 21 November 2022}} {{s-break}} {{s-bef|before=[[Angelo Felici]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Santi Biagio e Carlo ai Catinari|Cardinal Deacon of Santi Biagio e Carlo ai Catinari]]|years=24 November 2007 – 19 May 2018}} {{s-non|reason=Himself as Cardinal Priest}} {{s-break}} {{s-non|reason=Himself as Cardinal Deacon}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Santi Biagio e Carlo ai Catinari|Cardinal Priest 'pro hac vice' of Santi Biagio e Carlo ai Catinari]]|years=19 May 2018 – 28 June 2018}} {{s-non|reason=Himself as Cardinal Bishop}} {{s-break}} {{s-non|reason=Himself as Cardinal Priest}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Santi Biagio e Carlo ai Catinari|Cardinal Bishop of Santi Biagio e Carlo ai Catinari]]|years=28 June 2018 – present}} {{s-inc|rows=2}} {{s-break}} {{s-bef|before=[[Giovanni Battista Re]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[College of Cardinals|Vice-Dean of the College of Cardinals]]|years=18 January 2020 – present}} {{s-end}} {{Authority control}}
{{Cardinals created by Benedict XVI}} {{Cardinals of the Catholic Church|state=collapsed}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sandri, Leonardo}} [[Category:1943 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:21st-century Roman Catholic archbishops in Argentina]] [[Category:21st-century Roman Catholic titular archbishops]] [[Category:Apostolic nuncios to Mexico]] [[Category:Argentine cardinals]] [[Category:Clergy from Buenos Aires]] [[Category:Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy alumni]] [[Category:Pontifical Gregorian University alumni]] [[Category:Members of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches]] [[Category:Members of the Dicastery for the Doctrine of the Faith]] [[Category:Members of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples]] [[Category:Members of the Congregation for Bishops]] [[Category:Members of the Apostolic Signatura]] [[Category:Cardinals created by Pope Benedict XVI]] [[Category:Grand Crosses with Star and Sash of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany]] [[Category:Argentine people of Italian descent]] [[Category:Members of the Congregation for Catholic Education]] [[Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic]] [[Category:Commanders of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland]] [[Category:Apostolic nuncios to Venezuela]] [[Category:Pontifical Oriental Institute alumni]] [[Category:Bishops appointed by Pope John Paul II]]