Leilani Estates, Hawaii

{{short description|Census-designated place in the United States}} {{Use American English|date=July 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=January 2025}} {{Infobox settlement  |official_name = Leilani Estates |other_name = |native_name =  |nickname = |settlement_type = Census-designated place |motto =  |image_skyline = |imagesize = |image_caption = |image_flag = |flag_size = |image_seal = |seal_size = |image_shield = |shield_size = |image_blank_emblem = |blank_emblem_type = |blank_emblem_size = |image_map = Hawaii_County_Hawaii_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Leilani_Estates_Highlighted.svg |mapsize = |map_caption = Location in Hawaiʻi County and the state of Hawaii {{clear}} {{OSM Location map | coord = {{coord|19.468|-154.917}} | zoom = 13 | float = right | width = 280 | height = 200 | caption = | title = | scalemark = 10 |mark-sizeD=7|shapeD=circle|shape-colorD=red |mark-coord1={{coord|19.4690|-154.8965}} |mark-coord2={{coord|19.4635|-154.9073}} |mark-coord3={{coord|19.4656|-154.9010}} |mark-coord4={{coord|19.4669|-154.8995}} |mark-coord5={{coord|19.4690|-154.8933}} |mark-coord6={{coord|19.4701|-154.8916}} |mark-coord7={{coord|19.4636|-154.9050}} |arc-textA=Eruption Fissures |arc-latA=19.4609|arc-lonA=-154.9074| arc-text-sizeA = 10|arc-text-colorA = red | arc-angleA = 160 |arc-gapA = -0.9| arc-radiusA = 0.8 }} |image_map1 = |mapsize1 = |map_caption1 = |pushpin_map =  |pushpin_label_position =  |pushpin_map_caption = |pushpin_mapsize =  |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = United States |subdivision_type1 = State |subdivision_name1 = Hawaii |subdivision_type2 = County |subdivision_name2 = Hawaiʻi |subdivision_type3 = |subdivision_name3 = |subdivision_type4 = |subdivision_name4 =  |government_footnotes = |government_type = |leader_title = |leader_name = |leader_title1 = |leader_name1 = |leader_title2 = |leader_name2 = |leader_title3 = |leader_name3 = |leader_title4 = |leader_name4 = |established_title = |established_date = |established_title2 =  |established_date2 = |established_title3 =  |established_date3 =  |area_magnitude = |unit_pref = Imperial |area_footnotes = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2020">{{cite web|title=2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_gaz_place_15.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=December 18, 2021}}</ref> |area_total_km2 = 10.45 |area_land_km2 = 10.45 |area_water_km2 = 0.00 |area_total_sq_mi = 4.04 |area_land_sq_mi = 4.04 |area_water_sq_mi = 0.00 |area_water_percent = |area_urban_km2 = |area_urban_sq_mi = |area_metro_km2 = |area_metro_sq_mi = |area_blank1_title = |area_blank1_km2 = |area_blank1_sq_mi =  |population_as_of = 2020 |population_footnotes = |population_note = |population_total = 1139 |population_density_km2 = 109.00 |population_density_sq_mi = 282.28 |population_metro = |population_density_metro_km2 = |population_density_metro_sq_mi = |population_urban = |population_density_urban_km2 = |population_density_urban_sq_mi = |population_blank1_title = |population_blank1 = |population_density_blank1_km2 = |population_density_blank1_sq_mi =  |timezone = Hawaii-Aleutian Standard Time Zone |utc_offset = -10 |timezone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |coordinates = {{coord|19|28|25|N|154|55|13|W|region:US_type:city|display=inline,title}} |elevation_footnotes = |elevation_m = 235 |elevation_ft = 771  | postal_code_type = ZIP code | postal_code = 96778<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.zipdatamaps.com/96778|title=Leilani Estates HI ZIP Code|publisher=zipdatamaps.com|year=2024|access-date=February 5, 2024}}</ref> |area_code = 808 |blank_name = FIPS code |blank_info = 15-44562 |blank1_name = GNIS feature ID |blank1_info = 1852580 |website = |footnotes = |pop_est_as_of = |pop_est_footnotes = |population_est = }}

thumb|right|Eruption in the Leilani Estates subdivision (May 3, 2018) thumb|right|Lava from a fissure slowly advanced to the northeast on Hoʻokupu Street in Leilani Estates subdivision (May 5, 2018) '''Leilani Estates''' is a census-designated place (CDP) in Hawaiʻi County, Hawaii, United States located in the District of Puna. The subdivision was formed in 1964.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://leilaniestates.org/|title=Chapter "Leilani Estates History" at leilaniestates.org|access-date=May 31, 2018}}</ref> The population was 1,139 at the 2020 census,<ref name="DecennialCensus"/> down from 1,560 at the 2010 census,<ref name="Census 2010">{{cite web| url=http://factfinder2.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_DP/G001/1600000US1544562| title=Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (G001): Leilani Estates CDP, Hawaii| publisher=U.S. Census Bureau| work=American Factfinder| access-date=June 1, 2017}}{{dead link|bot=medic|date=April 2020}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> and up from 1,046 at the 2000 census.

The 2018 lower Puna eruption of Kīlauea Volcano, which occurred within and around the subdivision, claimed many homes and displaced an unknown number of Leilani Estates residents.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dayton |first=Kevin |date=November 30, 2022 |title=Why are homes allowed to be built in lava zones? Mauna Loa eruption has Hawaii residents wondering |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/2022/11/30/mauna-loa-eruption-homes-lava-zones/10804623002/ |access-date=2022-12-03 |website=USA TODAY |language=en-US}}</ref> Accessing the entire resulting solid lava rock flow field has been prohibited, as per the Mayor's 12/6/18 Emergency Proclamation,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hawaiicounty.gov/active-alerts/sixth-supplementary-emergency-proclamation.html|title=County of Hawaii - Civil Defense Alerts and Information - Sixth Supplementary Emergency Proclamation|website=www.hawaiicounty.gov|language=en|access-date=2019-01-10|archive-date=January 11, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190111055026/http://www.hawaiicounty.gov/active-alerts/sixth-supplementary-emergency-proclamation.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> with fines up to $5,000 for violations. As of January 2019, in further effort to prevent the private subdivision from becoming a public attraction, the Leilani Community Association began enforcing regulations regarding no parking on private roads, no trespassing on private property, and no tours being conducted in the subdivision.

==Geography== Leilani Estates is located near the eastern tip of the island of Hawaiʻi.<ref name="GR1">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=2011-04-23|date=2011-02-12|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}}</ref> It is {{convert|3|mi|0}} south of Pāhoa and {{convert|23|mi}} south of Hilo. It is bordered to the southeast by the Malama Kī Forest Reserve.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of {{convert|10.45|km2|order=flip}}, all of it land.<ref name="Census 2010"/>

Leilani Estates is located directly on a stretch of the lower East Rift Zone of Kīlauea volcano, in lava flow hazard zone 1.<ref>{{cite web|author1=Wright, T.L.|author2=Chun, J.Y.F.|author3=Exposo, Jean|author4=Heliker, Christina|author5=Hodge, Jon|author6=Lockwood, J.P.|author7=Vogt, S.M.|title=Map Showing Lava-Flow Hazard Zones, Island of Hawaii|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1992/2193/|website=USGS Pubs Warehouse|publisher=U.S. Geological Survey|access-date=2017-12-30|date=1992}}</ref> Zone 1 includes the summit and rift zones of active volcanoes—new eruptive vents can spawn anywhere inside this zone. Approximately 10% or {{convert|50|sqmi|km2|sigfig=1}} out of the {{convert|500|sqmi|km2|sigfig=1}} of Puna have been covered by lava flows since 1790.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://hvo.wr.usgs.gov//kilauea/summary/main.html|title=USGS: Volcano Hazards Program HVO Kilauea|first=Volcano Hazards|last=Program|website=hvo.wr.usgs.gov|access-date=8 May 2018|archive-date=January 31, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170131035507/https://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/kilauea/summary/main.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===2018 eruption=== {{Main|2018 lower Puna eruption}}

Of the 24 total volcanic fissure vents that formed during the event, 14 erupted lava to varying degrees within Leilani Estates.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://hawaiicountygis.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=3428cd9282ff431c865eb32761793078|title=ArcGIS Web Application|website=hawaiicountygis.maps.arcgis.com|access-date=2019-01-10}}</ref> ʻAhuʻailāʻau (initially designated Fissure 8) on Luana St. was the dominant vent that produced the most output of lava, with fountaining as high as 330 feet <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/vsc/movies/movie_172806.html|title=USGS Volcano Hazards Program Movie|website=volcanoes.usgs.gov|access-date=2019-01-10}}</ref> and flow front advancement as fast as 76 m/h <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/vsc/movies/movie_173976.html|title=USGS Volcano Hazards Program Movie|website=volcanoes.usgs.gov|access-date=2019-01-10}}</ref> as it reached the ocean miles below Leilani Estates. By the time the eruption ceased on August 9 of 2018,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/vsc/file_mngr/file-192/PrelimSum_LERZ-Summit_2018.pdf|title=Preliminary summary of Kīlauea Volcano's 2018 lower East Rift Zone eruption and summit collapse|publisher=USGS|website=volcanoes.usgs.gov|access-date=2019-01-10}}</ref> around 200 homes had been destroyed within the subdivision.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?mid=1ZWnrwPSqtoOpdjj5QKaBZPQACQOzv5YD&ll=19.466726918668876%2C-154.90597985068666&z=15|title=Addresses of Homes Lost in 2018 Puna Eruption|last=duPont|first=Dane}}</ref>

==Demographics== {{US Census population |2020= 1139 |footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|accessdate=June 4, 2016}}</ref> | align = right | align-fn = center }}

===2020 census=== As of the 2020 census, Leilani Estates had a population of 1,139. The median age was 55.0 years. 16.0% of residents were under the age of 18 and 31.5% of residents were 65 years of age or older. For every 100 females there were 114.9 males, and for every 100 females age 18 and over there were 116.0 males age 18 and over.<ref name="Census2020DP">{{cite web|title=2020 Decennial Census Demographic Profile (DP1)|url=https://api.census.gov/data/2020/dec/dp?get=NAME,DP1_0021P,DP1_0024P,DP1_0025C,DP1_0049C,DP1_0045C,DP1_0069C,DP1_0073C,DP1_0125P,DP1_0126P,DP1_0129P,DP1_0133P,DP1_0137P,DP1_0138P,DP1_0139P,DP1_0141P,DP1_0142P,DP1_0143P,DP1_0145P,DP1_0146P,DP1_0147C,DP1_0148C,DP1_0149C,DP1_0156C,DP1_0157C,DP1_0158C,DP1_0159P,DP1_0160P&for=place%3A44562&in=state%3A15|website=United States Census Bureau|year=2021|access-date=May 1, 2026|df=mdy}}</ref><ref name="Census2020PL">{{cite web|title=2020 Decennial Census Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171)|url=https://api.census.gov/data/2020/dec/pl?get=NAME,P1_001N,P1_003N,P1_004N,P1_005N,P1_006N,P1_007N,P1_008N,P1_009N,P2_001N,P2_002N,H1_001N,H1_002N&for=place%3A44562&in=state%3A15|website=United States Census Bureau|year=2021|access-date=May 1, 2026|df=mdy}}</ref>

0.0% of residents lived in urban areas, while 100.0% lived in rural areas.<ref name="Census2020DHC">{{cite web|title=2020 Decennial Census Demographic and Housing Characteristics (DHC)|url=https://api.census.gov/data/2020/dec/dhc?get=NAME,P2_002N,P2_003N&for=place%3A44562&in=state%3A15|website=United States Census Bureau|year=2023|access-date=May 1, 2026|df=mdy}}</ref>

There were 514 households in Leilani Estates, of which 18.3% had children under the age of 18 living in them. Of all households, 35.0% were married-couple households, 30.7% were households with a male householder and no spouse or partner present, and 23.7% were households with a female householder and no spouse or partner present. About 33.2% of all households were made up of individuals and 18.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.<ref name="Census2020DP"/>

There were 657 housing units, of which 21.8% were vacant. The homeowner vacancy rate was 4.8% and the rental vacancy rate was 15.5%.<ref name="Census2020DP"/>

{| class="wikitable" |+ Racial composition as of the 2020 census<ref name="Census2020PL"/> ! Race !! Number !! Percent |- | White || 702 || 61.6% |- | Black or African American || 20 || 1.8% |- | American Indian and Alaska Native || 9 || 0.8% |- | Asian || 40 || 3.5% |- | Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander || 89 || 7.8% |- | Some other race || 25 || 2.2% |- | Two or more races || 254 || 22.3% |- | ''Hispanic or Latino (of any race)'' || 110 || 9.7% |}

===2010 census=== As of the census of 2010, there were 1,560 people in 696 households residing in the CDP. The population density was {{convert|371.4|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 807 housing units at an average density of {{convert|192.1|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of the CDP was 63.4% White, 1.4% African American, 1.8% American Indian & Alaska Native, 6.1% Asian, 6.2% Native Hawaiian & Pacific Islander, 1.2% from other races, and 20.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 9.8% of the population.<ref name="census.gov">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/popfinder|title=2010 Demographic Profile - U.S. Census Bureau|first=Website Services & Coordination Staff|last=ASD|website=www.census.gov|access-date=8 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140116034919/http://www.census.gov/popfinder/|archive-date=16 January 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>

There were 696 households, out of which 18.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them. The average household size was 2.24.<ref name="census.gov"/>

In the Leilani Estates CDP the population was spread out, with 17.4% under the age of 18, 6.9% from 18 to 24, 11.7% from 25 to 34, 17.6% from 35 to 49, 32.9% from 50 to 64, and 13.4% who were 65 years of age or older. For every 100 females, there were 113.1 males. For every 100 males there were 88.4 females.<ref name="census.gov"/>

===2000 census=== The median income for a household in the CDP at the 2000 census was $31,540, and the median income for a family in 2000 was $32,692. Males had a median income of $30,500 versus $22,875 for females in 2000. The per capita income for the CDP in 2000 was $15,522. About 13.7% of families and 21.9% of the population were below the poverty line in 2000, including 16.4% of those under age 18 and 25.5% of those age 65 or over. ==References== <references />

Category:Census-designated places in Hawaii County, Hawaii Category:Populated places on Hawaii (island) Category:Kīlauea