Manchester by the Sea (film)

{{short description|2016 film by Kenneth Lonergan}} {{for|the Massachusetts town of the same name| Manchester-by-the-Sea, Massachusetts{{!}}Manchester-by-the-Sea}} {{good article}} {{Use mdy dates|date=April 2020}} {{Infobox film | name = Manchester by the Sea | image = Manchester by the Sea.jpg | alt = | caption = Theatrical release poster | director = Kenneth Lonergan | writer = Kenneth Lonergan | producer = {{Plainlist| * Matt Damon * Kimberly Steward * Chris Moore * Lauren Beck * Kevin J. Walsh }} | starring = {{Plainlist| * Casey Affleck * Michelle Williams * Kyle Chandler * Gretchen Mol * Lucas Hedges }} | music = Lesley Barber | cinematography = Jody Lee Lipes | editing = Jennifer Lame | production_companies = {{Plainlist| * Pearl Street Films * K Period Media * The Media Farm * The A/Middleton Project * B Story }} | distributor = {{Plainlist| * Amazon Studios * Roadside Attractions }} | released = {{Film date|2016|01|23|Sundance|2016|12|16|United States}} | runtime = 137 minutes<ref name=20161102bbfc>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/manchester-sea-film | title=''Manchester by the Sea'' (15) | website=British Board of Film Classification | date=November 2, 2016 | access-date=November 2, 2016 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161104005605/http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/manchester-sea-film | archive-date=November 4, 2016 | df=mdy-all }}</ref> | country = United States | language = English | budget = $8.5–9{{nbsp}}million<ref name="NUM">{{cite web|url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Manchester-by-the-Sea#tab=summary|title=''Manchester by the Sea'' (2016)|website=The Numbers|access-date=19 April 2025}}</ref><ref name=BOM/> | gross = $79{{nbsp}}million<ref name=BOM/> }}

'''''Manchester by the Sea''''' is a 2016 American drama film written and directed by Kenneth Lonergan that stars Casey Affleck, Michelle Williams, Kyle Chandler, and Lucas Hedges. Revolving around the themes of depression, guilt, grief, responsibility, dysfunctional families, and post-traumatic stress disorder, the plot follows a depressed and grief-stricken man who becomes the legal guardian of his teenage nephew after the death of his brother.

The film premiered at the Sundance Film Festival on January 23, 2016, and was picked up by Amazon Studios for distribution. ''Manchester by the Sea'' was filmed during March and April 2015 in the eponymous Massachusetts town and other towns in the state, such as Beverly, Essex, Gloucester, Swampscott, Lynn, Middleton, Tewksbury, and Salem. It began a limited release on November 18, 2016, before a wide release on December 16, 2016. It grossed $79{{nbsp}}million worldwide against a budget of $8.5–9{{nbsp}}million.

The film received critical acclaim and was widely counted among the best films of 2016; the National Board of Review listed it as the top film of 2016. Critics complimented the performances of Affleck, Hedges, and Williams, as well as Lonergan's screenplay and direction. At the 89th Academy Awards, ''Manchester by the Sea'' won Academy Awards for Best Actor for Affleck and Best Original Screenplay, and additional nominations for Best Picture, Best Director, Best Supporting Actor (Hedges), and Best Supporting Actress (Williams). Affleck also won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama; the film was also nominated in four other categories. The British Academy Film Awards nominated the picture for six awards, of which it won Best Actor in a Leading Role for Affleck and Best Original Screenplay. Since then, it has been considered to be among the best films of the 21st century.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2023-04-06 |title=Hollywood Reporter Critics Pick the 50 Best Films of the 21st Century (So Far) |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/best-movies-21st-century/ |access-date=2023-08-04 |website=The Hollywood Reporter |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-02-06 |title=The 100 best films of the 21st century (so far) |url=https://www.timeout.com/film/the-100-best-movies-of-the-21st-century-so-far |access-date=2023-08-04 |website=Time Out Worldwide |language=en-GB}}</ref>

==Plot==  Lee Chandler is a depressed and asocial janitor who lives alone in a basement apartment in Quincy, Massachusetts. He goes to a bar, brushes off a female patron who expresses interest in him, and gets into a fistfight with two men. One day, he receives a phone call informing him that his brother Joe, a fisherman who lives in Manchester-by-the-Sea, has suffered cardiac arrest; Joe dies before Lee can reach the hospital. Lee insists on being the one to tell Joe's teenage son Patrick about his death. While making funeral arrangements, they are reminded Joe's body cannot be buried until spring as the ground is frozen. Lee makes plans to remain in Manchester, living in Joe's house until the delayed burial.

When Lee meets with Joe's attorney, he is shocked to discover Joe has named him Patrick's legal guardian. Flashbacks reveal that Lee once lived in Manchester with his then-wife Randi and their three children. One night after hosting a raucous party, an intoxicated Lee forgot to put the screen in front of the fireplace, leading to a house fire that killed his children. No criminal charges were filed against him, as the police ruled it a tragic accident. However, at the station, a guilt-ridden Lee stole an officer's gun and attempted suicide, before being subdued. Lee and Randi subsequently divorced, and he left town. He is reluctant to commit to the guardianship, as it would require him to move back to Manchester. Plans are begun for Patrick to move to Boston with Lee, but Patrick has strong ties to the Manchester community and stubbornly objects. Lee commits to staying until the end of the school year. Patrick wants to live with his estranged mother Elise, who still lives in the area. Lee is opposed to this as her history with alcoholism led her to abandon her family, but Patrick decides to reconnect with her over lunch. Elise has committed to Christianity and sobriety with her fiancé Jeffrey, but during an awkward meal with them, Patrick finds he is unable to connect with her. He is further unsettled when Jeffrey emails him and insists on being an intermediary in any future communication between them. Lee's positive comments about Elise's sobriety lead Patrick to believe his uncle is trying to get rid of him, assertions Lee denies.

In response to this strain in their relationship, Lee takes steps to possibly extend his stay in Manchester and seeks to spend more time with Patrick. Over time, they re-establish their bond, despite conflicts over Joe's boat, Patrick's girlfriends, and their future living arrangements. However, staying in Manchester is still painful for Lee, as he is surrounded by reminders of his past. Multiple scenes suggest that some residents of Manchester believe that the fire was not accidental. One day, Lee runs into Randi with her newborn child. A sobbing Randi expresses remorse for her treatment of him during their divorce and asks him to have lunch. He deflects her apology, feeling that he does not deserve it. When Randi insists that they reconnect and pleads with him not to "just die", Lee is overwhelmed with emotion and has to leave before he breaks down. Distraught, Lee gets drunk at a bar, picks a fight with strangers, and is knocked out. He wakes up in the living room of Joe's friend George and breaks down in tears. At home, Patrick shows his uncle understanding after seeing his battered state and pictures of his deceased children. Lee arranges for George and his wife to adopt Patrick so that he can remain in Manchester while Lee takes a job in Boston. When Patrick asks Lee why he cannot remain in Manchester, Lee says that he "can't beat it".

During a walk after Joe's burial service, Lee tells Patrick he is searching for a residence in Boston with an extra room so he can visit whenever he wants. In the final scene, Lee and Patrick go fishing on Joe's refurbished boat, which Patrick has inherited.

==Cast== * Casey Affleck as Lee Chandler, a grief-stricken loner * Lucas Hedges as Patrick Chandler, Lee's 16-year-old nephew and charge ** Ivy O'Brien as young Patrick Chandler * Michelle Williams as Randi Ellington, Lee's former wife * Kyle Chandler as Joseph "Joe" P. Chandler, Lee's brother and Patrick's father * C. J. Wilson as George Ellington, the Chandlers' family friend * Tate Donovan as Patrick's hockey coach * Kara Hayward as Silvie McGann, one of Patrick's girlfriends * Anna Baryshnikov as Sandy, one of Patrick's girlfriends * Heather Burns as Jill, Sandy's mother * Gretchen Mol as Elise Henderson, Joe's former wife and Patrick's mother * Matthew Broderick as Jeffrey Garner, Elise's fiancé * Josh Hamilton as Wes, Joe's lawyer * Kenneth Lonergan in a cameo as a Manchester pedestrian * Stephen Henderson as Mr. Emery, Lee's boss * Erica McDermott as Sue, the boat yard boss * Mary Mallen as Sharon * Jackson Damon as Otto

==Themes== ''Manchester by the Sea'' is a treatment of profound grief from which it is difficult or impossible to recover. In an essay in ''Cinéaste'', Colin Fleming writes that "the question Lonergan invites us to ask ourselves is how on earth would we be able to carry on after an event so tragically full of loss and guilt."<ref>Fleming, Colin (Spring 2017), "Manchester by the Sea." ''Cineaste''. '''42''' (2):51–53</ref> Speaking to the persistence of grief, ''Film Comment'' magazine says that "Lonergan is telling us that Lee's grief cannot be contained or subdued because his past lives on wherever he goes."<ref name=KORESKY>Koresky, Michael (November/December 2016), "The World is Full of Weeping." ''Film Comment''. '''52''' (6):48–52</ref> Remarking on the way flash-backs appear suddenly during the movie, critic Anthony Lane says that Lonergan "proceeds on the assumption that things are hard, some irreparably so, and that it's the job of a film not to smooth them over."<ref name=demons/> He also noted the tragedy is juxtaposed with "the harsh comedy that colors much of the dialogue, and the near-farcical frequency with which things go wrong."<ref name=lane/> Along those same lines, critic Steven Mears called the film "a study of grief and reticence that finds droll humor in those very sources,"<ref name=Mears>Mears, Steven (January/February 2017), "Manchester by the Sea." ''Film Comment''. '''53''' (1):47–49</ref> and Richard Alleva says the loving but tense relationship between Lee and Patrick "keeps the story nicely balanced between rough hewn comedy and delicate pathos."<ref name=Alleva>Alleva, Richard (February 10, 2017), "[https://www.commonwealmagazine.org/manchester-sea-fences Character Studies] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803204912/https://www.commonwealmagazine.org/manchester-sea-fences |date=August 3, 2020 }}". ''Commonweal''. '''144''' (3):21–22</ref> Explaining his objective, Lonergan said: <blockquote>I don't like the fact that, nowadays, it feels like it's not permissible to leave something unresolved{{nbsp}}... Some people live with their trauma for years. I'm not interested in rubbing people's faces in suffering{{nbsp}}... But I don't like this lie that everybody gets over things that easily. Some people can't get over something major that's happened to them at all; why can't they have a movie too?<ref name=fear/></blockquote>

The film's events take place through the cultural filter of a blue-collar, New England community. John Krasinski and Matt Damon initially approached Lonergan about developing the story in New England.<ref name=SMART>Smart, Jack (November 24, 2016), "Kenneth Lonergan, 'Manchester by the Sea'." ''Back Stage''. '''57''' (47):16</ref> As Lonergan researched the areas surrounding Manchester-by-the-Sea, he sought to include details specific to the area, such as its distance from Quincy, the delayed burial because of the frozen ground in a historical cemetery, and the realities of fishing life.<ref name=SMART/> Critic Sam Lansky said the lead character's New England roots make him "disinclined to emote",<ref name=Lansky/> and Tom Shone said Lonergan's dialogue forces "the story's heartbreak to peep from behind these tough, flinty New England exteriors."<ref name=SHONE>Shone, Tom (December 16, 2016), "Drowning, Not Waving." ''Newsweek Global''. '''167''' (22):63</ref>

==Production== ===Development=== Matt Damon and John Krasinski brainstormed a film about an "emotionally crippled" handyman, and took the idea to Lonergan for his input, thinking Krasinski would star and Damon would direct.<ref name=fear/> Damon had worked with Lonergan on the 2011 film ''Margaret''.<ref name=Variety>{{cite news|last1=Kit|first1=Borys|last2=Siegel|first2=Tatiana|title=Toronto: Matt Damon and Kenneth Lonergan Reteaming for 'Manchester-by-the-Sea' (Exclusive) |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/toronto-matt-damon-kenneth-lonergan-730704 |access-date=March 25, 2015|website=Hollywood Reporter|date=September 6, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150408172719/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/toronto-matt-damon-kenneth-lonergan-730704|archive-date=April 8, 2015|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Both actors became occupied with other projects while Lonergan worked on the screenplay for three years.<ref name=fear/> After Damon read a rough draft of the script, he insisted Lonergan should direct the project and that Damon would star in it.<ref name=fear/><ref name=Tapley>Tapley, Kristopher (January 21, 2016), [https://variety.com/2016/film/features/kenneth-lonergan-manchester-by-the-sea-margaret-1201684542/ "With ‘Margaret’ Trauma Behind Him, Kenneth Lonergan Returns to Sundance With ‘Manchester by the Sea’] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170517023339/http://variety.com/2016/film/features/kenneth-lonergan-manchester-by-the-sea-margaret-1201684542/ |date=May 17, 2017 }}." ''Variety''. Retrieved April 14, 2017.</ref> They announced they would collaborate on the project on September 6, 2014, and pre-production began two days later.<ref name=Variety/> However, Damon would not have a break in his schedule for another year.<ref name=fear/> In early December 2014, while filming ''The Finest Hours'', Casey Affleck told ''The Boston Globe'' he would replace Damon in the lead role.<ref name=20141212bostonglobe-finest>{{cite news|title='Finest Hours' is the finest shoot for Casey Affleck|url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/lifestyle/names/2014/12/12/finest-hours-finest-shoot-for-casey-affleck/qYoKHiYcEZ0YaToc06U3UI/story.html|access-date=March 25, 2015|newspaper=The Boston Globe|date=December 12, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150115231836/http://www.bostonglobe.com/lifestyle/names/2014/12/12/finest-hours-finest-shoot-for-casey-affleck/qYoKHiYcEZ0YaToc06U3UI/story.html |archive-date=January 15, 2015|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Damon said he "wouldn't give this role up to anybody but Casey Affleck."<ref name=fear>{{Cite magazine |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/news/manchester-by-the-sea-the-story-behind-sundance-2016s-best-movie-20160201 |title=How 'Manchester by the Sea' Became a Sundance 2016 Hit|last=Fear|first=David|date=February 1, 2016|magazine=Rolling Stone|access-date=November 12, 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161113055441/http://www.rollingstone.com/movies/news/manchester-by-the-sea-the-story-behind-sundance-2016s-best-movie-20160201|archive-date=November 13, 2016|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

Affleck officially replaced Damon on January 5, 2015.<ref name=20150105thewrap>{{cite news|last1=Ge|first1=Linda|title=Casey Affleck Replacing Matt Damon in Kenneth Lonergan's 'Manchester-by-the-Sea'|url=https://www.thewrap.com/casey-affleck-replacing-matt-damon-in-kenneth-lonergans-manchester-by-the-sea/|access-date=March 25, 2015|website=TheWrap|date=January 5, 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150324040119/http://www.thewrap.com/casey-affleck-replacing-matt-damon-in-kenneth-lonergans-manchester-by-the-sea/|archive-date=March 24, 2015|df=mdy-all}}</ref> On January 9, Michelle Williams was selected to play the lead character's former wife<ref name=WilliamsCast>{{cite news|last1=Kit|first1=Borys|title=Michelle Williams Joining Casey Affleck in 'Manchester-by-the-Sea' (Exclusive)|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/michelle-williams-joining-casey-affleck-762261|access-date=March 25, 2015|work=The Hollywood Reporter|date=January 9, 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150312163148/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/michelle-williams-joining-casey-affleck-762261|archive-date=March 12, 2015|df=mdy-all}}</ref> and Kyle Chandler was cast as Affleck's character's older brother on February 24.<ref name=ChandlerCast>{{cite news|last1=Rose|first1=Lacey|last2=Kit|first2=Borys|title=Kyle Chandler Joins Casey Affleck in 'Manchester-by-the-Sea' (Exclusive)|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/kyle-chandler-joins-casey-affleck-777288|access-date=March 25, 2015|work=The Hollywood Reporter|date=February 24, 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150408121944/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/kyle-chandler-joins-casey-affleck-777288|archive-date=April 8, 2015|df=mdy-all}}</ref> In April 2015, Lucas Hedges joined the cast of the film.<ref name=20150409hollywoodreporter>{{cite news|last1=Kilday|first1=Gregg|title=Lucas Hedges Joins Casey Affleck Starrer 'Manchester-by-the-Sea'|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/lucas-hedges-joins-casey-affleck-787592|access-date=January 23, 2016|work=The Hollywood Reporter|date=April 9, 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160201094144/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/lucas-hedges-joins-casey-affleck-787592|archive-date=February 1, 2016|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Lonergan has said Hedges' audition was "special" but that he was unsure how the young actor would perform "because his background is so different [from that of the character]. Ultimately he did a beautiful job."<ref name=SMART/> It was later revealed Erica McDermott had also been cast.<ref name=20150610bostonglobe-erica>{{cite news |last=Jackson-Glidden |first=Brooke |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/lifestyle/names/2015/06/10/erica-mcdermott-talks-career-story-behind-her-success-event/DboNpIxar4kgVteApwtWfL/story.html |title=Erica McDermott talks about her roles |website=The Boston Globe |date=2015-06-11 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304080415/https://www.bostonglobe.com/lifestyle/names/2015/06/10/erica-mcdermott-talks-career-story-behind-her-success-event/DboNpIxar4kgVteApwtWfL/story.html |archive-date=March 4, 2016 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> Coming from a theater background, Lonergan had the actors rehearse table read-style for two weeks before filming.<ref name=McGrath>McGrath, Charles (September 16, 2016), [https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/18/movies/manchester-by-the-sea-kenneth-lonergan.html?_r=0 "This Time, Kenneth Lonergan Has the Last Say"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171230193007/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/18/movies/manchester-by-the-sea-kenneth-lonergan.html?_r=0 |date=December 30, 2017 }}. ''The New York Times''. Retrieved April 14, 2017.</ref>

===Filming=== Principal photography began on March 23, 2015, with scenes filmed in the town Manchester-by-the-Sea, Massachusetts,<ref name=20150324gloucestertimes>{{cite news|last1=Rapalyea|first1=Taylor|title=Damon's 'Manchester-by-the-Sea' begins production in namesake town|url=http://www.gloucestertimes.com/news/local_news/damon-s-manchester-by-the-sea-begins-production-in-namesake/article_b99a812a-321c-56c3-9371-e8d2830ef6ae.html|access-date=March 25, 2015|newspaper=Gloucester Daily Times|date=March 24, 2015|archive-date=October 2, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181002061921/http://www.gloucestertimes.com/news/local_news/damon-s-manchester-by-the-sea-begins-production-in-namesake/article_b99a812a-321c-56c3-9371-e8d2830ef6ae.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and the North Shore at locations in Beverly, Essex, Gloucester, Swampscott, Lynn, Middleton, Tewksbury, and Salem.<ref name=20150324salemnews>{{cite news|last1=Luca|first1=Dustin|title=Freeze frame: Independent film 'Manchester-by-the-Sea' shooting in Beverly, North Shore|url=http://www.salemnews.com/news/local_news/freeze-frame-independent-film-manchester-by-the-sea-shooting-in/article_782873dd-0ee2-5353-8aad-5139b4fdd9d1.html|access-date=March 25, 2015|newspaper=The Salem News|date=March 24, 2015|archive-date=November 7, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107114523/http://www.salemnews.com/news/local_news/freeze-frame-independent-film-manchester-by-the-sea-shooting-in/article_782873dd-0ee2-5353-8aad-5139b4fdd9d1.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=20161202bostonglobe-real>{{cite news|last1=Sullivan|first1=James|title=Real-to-reel:Viewers feel at home in heralded 'Manchester by the Sea'|url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/regionals/north/2016/12/02/real-reel-viewers-feel-home-heralded-film/f16JmP5V0mdTXCGyF22pJO/story.html|access-date=March 4, 2018|website=Boston Globe|date=December 2, 2016|archive-date=March 4, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180304172620/https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/regionals/north/2016/12/02/real-reel-viewers-feel-home-heralded-film/f16JmP5V0mdTXCGyF22pJO/story.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Filming wrapped on April 30, 2015.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.filmla.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/2016_film_study_WEB.pdf|title=2016 Feature Film Study|last=FilmL.A.|date=June 2017|access-date=June 14, 2018|archive-date=July 31, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731191957/https://www.filmla.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/2016_film_study_WEB.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> In October 2018, Damon said in an interview with ''The Bill Simmons Podcast'' Lonergan had originally planned to film a different ending to the film that would have been a retreating drone shot of a flashback of Affleck's and Williams' characters, their children and extended family, on his brother's boat. The scene was determined to be too expensive to film, although Damon said the film's unexpected financial success meant it could have been filmed after all.<ref name="chitwood">{{cite web |last1=Chitwood |first1=Adam |title=Matt Damon Reveals the Original 'Manchester by the Sea' Ending That Was Too Expensive to Shoot |url=https://collider.com/manchester-by-the-sea-alternate-ending/ |website=Collider |access-date=9 October 2018 |date=8 October 2018 |archive-date=June 15, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200615190138/https://collider.com/manchester-by-the-sea-alternate-ending/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Initially, Gigi Pritzker was due to produce and finance the film through her company Odd Lot Entertainment.<ref name=Variety/> In March 2015, however, it was reported Kimberly Steward, through her company K Period Media, would produce and finance the film with Damon (through his company Pearl Street Films), Chris Moore (through CMP), Kevin J. Walsh (through his company B Story), and Lauren Beck, along with additional financing from Sierra/Affinity. The executive producers were Josh Godfrey, John Krasinski, Declan Baldwin, and Bill Migliore.<ref name=20150129variety>{{cite news|last1=McNary|first1=Dave|title=Berlin: Casey Affleck's 'Manchester-By-The-Sea' Locks Financing|url=https://variety.com/2015/film/news/berlin-casey-afflecks-manchester-by-the-sea-locks-financing-1201418932/|access-date=March 25, 2015|journal=Variety|date=January 29, 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403015352/http://variety.com/2015/film/news/berlin-casey-afflecks-manchester-by-the-sea-locks-financing-1201418932/|archive-date=April 3, 2015|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

== Music == Lesley Barber was selected to score the film, as she had previously worked on Lonergan's film ''You Can Count on Me'' (2000).<ref name="Newman">Newman, Nick (November 15, 2016), [https://thefilmstage.com/features/lesley-barber-discusses-scoring-manchester-by-the-sea-and-kenneth-lonergans-precision/ "Lesley Barber Discusses Scoring ‘Manchester by the Sea’ and Kenneth Lonergan’s Precision"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170315174355/https://thefilmstage.com/features/lesley-barber-discusses-scoring-manchester-by-the-sea-and-kenneth-lonergans-precision/|date=March 15, 2017}}. ''The Film Stage''. Retrieved April 14, 2017.</ref> She developed the first musical themes after reading the script.<ref name="Schweiger">Schweiger, Daniel (November 17, 2016), [http://www.filmmusicmag.com/?p=16828 "Interview with Lesley Barber"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170415012531/http://www.filmmusicmag.com/?p=16828|date=April 15, 2017}}. ''Film Music''. Retrieved April 14, 2017.</ref> Once she established the themes, Barber worked with the orchestra to create a sound that emoted the sound of the ocean with "underlying tension" with lightness, for exterior scenes.<ref name="Newman" /> Early in the scoring process, Barber took inspiration from New England church music from the 1700s, including Calvinist hymns and other music of the Pilgrims and Colonial era, with its emphasis on a cappella vocals.<ref name="variety411">[http://variety411.com/article/manchester-by-the-sea-composer-lesley-barber-4150174/ "Composer Lesley Barber Discusses Her Score For 'Manchester By The Sea'"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170415103634/http://variety411.com/article/manchester-by-the-sea-composer-lesley-barber-4150174/|date=April 15, 2017}}. ''Variety 411''. Retrieved April 14, 2017.</ref> Barber developed the music to complement her understanding of the essence of the film's scenes based on emails and conversations with Lonergan.<ref name="Newman" />

To score scenes that reflect Lee's "interior landscape", she sent the music to her daughter Jacoba Barber-Rozema, an opera major,<ref name="Schweiger" /> then recorded her singing in her dorm room via Skype.<ref name="Schweiger" /><ref name="variety411" /> Barber said the confined space made for a "perfect sound".<ref name="variety411" /> Orchestration was later added to the track.<ref name="Schweiger" /> For the opening flashback of Lee in happier times, Barber recorded her daughter's vocals in a large, spacious auditorium.<ref name="Newman" /> Instead of giving Lonergan demos, Barber provided him with more-finished pieces earlier in the editing process to allow the director to have a better sense of the music while editing.<ref name="Newman" /> The film was cut down after the Sundance screening, requiring Barber to rework and simplify some of the music.<ref name="Newman" />

Critic Steven Mears says the film's score "gives form" to the feelings of blue-collar Americans.<ref name="Mears" /> Bobby Finger, writing for ''Jezebel'', called it "an elegant white noise{{nbsp}}... a hypnotic soundtrack to focused thought."<ref name="Finger">Finger, Bobby (February 25, 2017), [http://themuse.jezebel.com/a-chat-with-lesley-barber-the-composer-of-2016s-best-f-1792689037 "A Chat With Lesley Barber, the Composer of 2016's Best Film Score (and Why it Won't Win an Oscar)"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170415012227/http://themuse.jezebel.com/a-chat-with-lesley-barber-the-composer-of-2016s-best-f-1792689037|date=April 15, 2017}}. The Muse. ''Jezebel''. Retrieved April 14, 2017.</ref> Caitlin Warren of ''Spindle Magazine'' said the score adds perfectly "to the raw emotion of the film without ever overwhelming it to the point of feeling contrived or cheesy."<ref name=20170415archive>Warren, Caitlin (25 January 2017), [http://spindlemagazine.com/2017/01/interview-lesley-barber-composer-manchester-sea/ "Interview with Lesley Barber, Composer of ‘Manchester by the Sea’"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170415012959/http://spindlemagazine.com/2017/01/interview-lesley-barber-composer-manchester-sea/|date=April 15, 2017}}. ''Spindle Magazine''. Retrieved April 14, 2017.</ref> Film score critic Jonathan Broxton said the music "dwells in the bitterness of regret" and that it has "a captivating, dream-like quality that is{{nbsp}}... dramatically appropriate for the film it accompanies."<ref name="Broxton">Broxton, Jonathan (December 6, 2016) [https://moviemusicuk.us/2016/12/06/manchester-by-the-sea-lesley-barber/ "Manchester by the Sea—Lesley Barber"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170419101007/https://moviemusicuk.us/2016/12/06/manchester-by-the-sea-lesley-barber/|date=April 19, 2017}}. Movie Music UK. Retrieved April 18, 2017.</ref>

The use of "Adagio in G minor" to accompany the revelation of Lee's tragedy received mixed reviews. ''The New Yorker'' said, "Any piece of music that has been used for ''Rollerball'', ''Gallipoli'', and ''Flashdance'' has, by definition, been squeezed dry."<ref name="demons" /> Mark Kermode of the BBC said the piece "has been overused so much in popular entertainment that when it turns up, it's distracting."<ref name="Kermode">{{cite AV media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A5MXyUWMo3w&t=6m17s|title=Manchester By The Sea reviewed by Mark Kermode|date=January 13, 2017|people=Mark Kermode|publisher=YouTube|location=England|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170410200926/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A5MXyUWMo3w|archive-date=April 10, 2017|url-status=live|medium=Video|df=mdy-all}}</ref> According to Koresky, in the montage, "Lonergan thickly lays on the Handel, Bach, and Albinoni, making this sequence almost surreally operatic in its horror."<ref name="KORESKY" /> In an interview, Lonergan said he originally used the piece as a stand-in track while editing and decided to keep it in.<ref name="Kermode" /> The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ruled the film's score ineligible for Oscar consideration due to the volume of music from classical composers in the soundtrack. In a statement Barber released to ''Variety'', she said, "While I accept the Academy's decision, I also support my director's decision to use these pieces and I'm also very proud of the substantial contribution that the original score made to the film as well."<ref name="variety411" />

===Soundtrack=== All music was written by Lesley Barber unless otherwise noted. The orchestra was conducted by James Shearman. Jacoba Barber-Rozema, Barber's daughter, provided additional vocals. The album was recorded and mixed by XXX and edited by Mick Gormley. The album was produced by Barber and Stefan Karrer.<ref name="Broxton" /> {{Track listing | collapsed = | headline = | extra_column = Performer | total_length = 44:07 | title_width = | writing_width = | music_width = | lyrics_width = | extra_width = | title1 = Manchester by the Sea Chorale | note1 = | writer1 = | lyrics1 = | music1 = | extra1 = Jacoba Barber-Rozema | length1 = 2:20 | title2 = Manchester Minimalist Piano and Strings | note2 = | writer2 = | lyrics2 = | music2 = | extra2 = | length2 = 2:19 | title3 = Plymouth Chorale | note3 = | writer3 = | lyrics3 = | music3 = | extra3 = Barber-Rozema, Musica Sacra Chorus and Orchestra<ref name=20160426archive>[https://www.musicasacrany.com/concerts/past-performances/17-past-performances "Past Performances"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160426011645/http://musicasacrany.com/concerts/past-performances/17-past-performances |date=April 26, 2016}}. musicsacrany.com. Retrieved </ref> | length3 = 1:25 | title4 = Pifa (Pastoral Symphony) | note4 = from ''Messiah'' | writer4 = Georg Friedrich Händel | lyrics4 = | music4 = | extra4 = Musica Sacra Orchestra | length4 = 3:00 | title5 = Smoke | note5 = | writer5 = | lyrics5 = | music5 = | extra5 = | length5 = 1:53 | title6 = Floating 149 | note6 = A Cappella | writer6 = | lyrics6 = | music6 = | extra6 = Barber-Rozema | length6 = 1:53 | title7 = Floating 149 | note7 = Strings Reprise | writer7 = | lyrics7 = | music7 = | extra7 = | length7 = 2:20 | title8 = Sonata for Oboe & Piano, 1st Movement | note8 = | writer8 = Händel | lyrics8 = | music8 = | extra8 = Gerhard Kanzian and Ed Lewis | length8 = 2:25 | title9 = Manchester Minimalist Piano and Strings | note9 = Strings Reprise | writer9 = | lyrics9 = | music9 = | extra9 = | length9 = 1:04 | title10 = He Shall Feed His Flock Like a Shepherd; Come Unto Him | note10 = from ''Messiah'' | writer10 = Händel | lyrics10 = | music10 = | extra10 = Musica Sacra Chorus and Orchestra | length10 = 5:11 | title11 = Manchester Minimalist Piano and Strings | note11 = Variation | writer11 = | lyrics11 = | music11 = | extra11 = | length11 = 2:19 | title12 = Adagio per Archi E Organo in Sol Minore | note12 = | writer12 = Tomaso Albinoni and Remo Giazotto | lyrics12 = | music12 = | extra12 = The London Philharmonic Orchestra | length12 = 8:34 | title13 = Smoke Reprise with Bass and Strings | note13 = | writer13 = | lyrics13 = | music13 = | extra13 = | length13 = 1:37 | title14 = I'm Beginning to See the Light | note14 = | writer14 = Duke Ellington, Don George, Johnny Hodges, and Harry James | lyrics14 = | music14 = | extra14 = Ella Fitzgerald and The Ink Spots | length14 = 2:44 | title15 = Chérubin | note15 = | writer15 = Jules Massenet | lyrics15 = | music15 = | extra15 = Munich Radio Orchestra with the choir of the Bavarian State Opera | length15 = 3:01 | title16 = Manchester by the Sea Strings Reprise | note16 = | writer16 = | lyrics16 = | music16 = | extra16 = | length16 = 2:19 }}

==Release== ''Manchester by the Sea'' had its world premiere on January 23, 2016, at the Sundance Film Festival.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.sundance.org/projects/manchester-by-the-sea |title=Manchester by The Sea |publisher=Sundance Film Festival |access-date=September 3, 2016 |archive-date=January 27, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200127220320/https://www.sundance.org/projects/manchester-by-the-sea |url-status=dead }}</ref> Shortly afterward, Amazon Studios acquired U.S. distribution rights to the film for $10{{nbsp}}million, beating Sony Pictures Classics, Universal Pictures/Focus Features, Netflix, Lionsgate, and Fox Searchlight Pictures (Sony, under its Stage 6 Films banner, and Universal/Focus would acquire rights to some international territories from Sierra/Affinity).<ref name=20160124deadline>{{cite web |url=https://deadline.com/2016/01/manchester-by-the-sea-10-million-deal-amazon-casey-affleck-sundance-1201689425/|title=Sundance Sensation 'Manchester By The Sea' Near $10M Amazon Deal |website=Deadline Hollywood|first=Mike Jr.|last=Fleming|date=January 24, 2016|access-date=September 3, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160913015502/http://deadline.com/2016/01/manchester-by-the-sea-10-million-deal-amazon-casey-affleck-sundance-1201689425/ |archive-date=September 13, 2016|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name=20160124hollywoodreporter>{{cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/sundance-amazon-inks-huge-deal-857577|title=Sundance: Amazon Inks Huge Deal for 'Manchester by the Sea'|work=The Hollywood Reporter|first=Tatiana|last=Siegel|date=January 24, 2016|access-date=September 3, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161011214858/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/sundance-amazon-inks-huge-deal-857577|archive-date=October 11, 2016 |df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name=sd>{{cite web|title=Buyers circle hot 'Manchester'|website=Screen International|first=Jeremy|last=Kay|date=22 January 2016|access-date=13 August 2023|url=https://www.screendaily.com/sundance-news/buyers-circle-hot-manchester/5099238.article}}</ref> This was the second-largest disclosed purchase at the Sundance Film Festival after ''The Birth of a Nation'' at $17.5{{nbsp}}million.<ref name=20160204vulture>{{cite web|url=https://www.vulture.com/2016/01/list-of-movies-sold-at-sundance-2016.html|title=The Complete List of Movies Sold at Sundance 2016, and Why Amazon and Netflix Went All Out |website=Vulture.com|first=Nelly|last=Hime|date=February 4, 2016|access-date=November 2, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161030192646/http://www.vulture.com/2016/01/list-of-movies-sold-at-sundance-2016.html|archive-date=October 30, 2016|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Roadside Attractions, of which Lionsgate owns 45%, later became co-distributor of the film with Amazon.<ref name=20160316indiewire>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiewire.com/2016/03/amazon-partners-with-roadside-attractions-for-awards-season-release-of-manchester-by-the-sea-57985/|title=Amazon Partners With Roadside Attractions for Awards Season Release of 'Manchester By the Sea'|website=Indiewire.com|first=Kristen|last=Santer|date=March 16, 2016|access-date=September 3, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160904040949/http://www.indiewire.com/2016/03/amazon-partners-with-roadside-attractions-for-awards-season-release-of-manchester-by-the-sea-57985/|archive-date=September 4, 2016|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

The film was screened at the Telluride Film Festival and the Toronto International Film Festival, both of which took place in September 2016.<ref name=20160901deadline>{{cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2016/09/telluride-film-festival-2016-lineup-full-list-1201811906/ |title=Telluride Film Festival Lineup: 'Sully', 'La La Land', 'Arrival', 'Bleed For This' & More|website=Deadline Hollywood|first=Pete|last=Hammond|date=September 1, 2016|access-date=September 3, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160902140445/http://deadline.com/2016/09/telluride-film-festival-2016-lineup-full-list-1201811906/|archive-date=September 2, 2016 |df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tiff.net/films/manchester-by-the-sea/ |title=Manchester by the Sea |website=Toronto International Film Festival |access-date=September 3, 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160908001406/http://www.tiff.net/films/manchester-by-the-sea/ |archive-date=September 8, 2016 |df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref name=20160726ew-toronto>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.ew.com/article/2016/07/26/toronto-film-festival-2016-lineup|title=Toronto Film Festival 2016: Magnificent Seven, La La Land to screen|magazine=Entertainment Weekly|first=Joey|last=Nolfi|date=July 27, 2016|access-date=September 3, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160926001056/http://www.ew.com/article/2016/07/26/toronto-film-festival-2016-lineup|archive-date=September 26, 2016 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> The 2016 New York Film Festival, which ran from September 30 to October 16, included ''Manchester by the Sea'' in its "main slate" and invited Lonergan to participate in audience question-and-answer sessions after the October 2 and 11 screenings of the film.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.filmlinc.org/nyff2016/films/manchester-by-the-sea/|title=Manchester by the Sea|website=New York Film Festival|access-date=September 3, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161013182302/http://www.filmlinc.org/nyff2016/films/manchester-by-the-sea/ |archive-date=October 13, 2016|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name=20160809variety>{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2016/film/news/new-york-film-festival-2016-main-slate-1201833076/|title=New York Film Festival Loads 2016 Main Slate With Festival-Circuit Favorites|website=Variety|first=Gordon|last=Cox|date=August 9, 2016|access-date=September 3, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160901091000/http://variety.com/2016/film/news/new-york-film-festival-2016-main-slate-1201833076/ |archive-date=September 1, 2016 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> It was also shown at the BFI London Film Festival on October 8, 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://whatson.bfi.org.uk/lff/Online/default.asp?doWork::WScontent::loadArticle=Load&BOparam::WScontent::loadArticle::article_id=2E7ED2B7-4B1A-474D-BBF7-87E4B594ECAE&BOparam::WScontent::loadArticle::context_id=1AA4FE1F-1AB9-4A84-BF5C-9FED9F89618E|title=Manchester by the Sea|website=BFI London Film Festival|access-date=September 3, 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160927231253/https://whatson.bfi.org.uk/lff/Online/default.asp?doWork::WScontent::loadArticle=Load&BOparam::WScontent::loadArticle::article_id=2E7ED2B7-4B1A-474D-BBF7-87E4B594ECAE&BOparam::WScontent::loadArticle::context_id=1AA4FE1F-1AB9-4A84-BF5C-9FED9F89618E|archive-date=September 27, 2016|df=mdy-all}}</ref> The film was theatrically released on November 18, 2016.<ref name=20160316variety>{{cite web |url=https://variety.com/2016/film/news/manchester-by-the-sea-oscars-amazon-roadside-1201731815/|title=Amazon, Roadside Partner on 'Manchester by the Sea' Oscar Season Release (EXCLUSIVE)|website=Variety|date=March 16, 2016|access-date=March 16, 2016 |first=Brent |last=Lang |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160317081616/http://variety.com/2016/film/news/manchester-by-the-sea-oscars-amazon-roadside-1201731815/|archive-date=March 17, 2016 |df=mdy-all}}</ref>

===Home media=== ''Manchester by the Sea'' was made available to stream on Amazon and for digital download in the U.S. on February 7, 2017,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/Manchester-Sea-Casey-Affleck/dp/B01M3X9T06|title=Manchester By The Sea|website=Amazon.com|access-date=January 24, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170124230454/https://www.amazon.com/Manchester-Sea-Casey-Affleck/dp/B01M3X9T06|archive-date=January 24, 2017|df=mdy-all}}</ref> and on Amazon Prime on May 5 of that year.<ref name=20170227cnet>{{cite web |url=https://www.cnet.com/news/oscar-amazon-netflix-manchester-by-the-sea/ |title=Oscar goes to{{nbsp}}... Amazon, for playing nice (sorry, Netflix) |last=Solsman |first=Joan E. |date=February 27, 2017 |website=CNET |access-date=December 30, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170527161740/https://www.cnet.com/news/oscar-amazon-netflix-manchester-by-the-sea/ |archive-date=May 27, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> It was released on DVD and Blu-ray on February 21, 2017.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dvdsreleasedates.com/movies/7882/manchester-by-the-sea|title=Manchester by the Sea (2016)|work=DVDreleasedates.com|access-date=September 22, 2019|archive-date=September 22, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190922191831/https://www.dvdsreleasedates.com/movies/7882/manchester-by-the-sea|url-status=live}}</ref> In the UK, the film became available for digital download on May 8, 2017, and on Blu-ray, DVD, and On Demand on May 15 the same year.<ref name="Loughrey">{{cite web |last1=Loughrey |first1=Clarisse |title=Manchester by the Sea and the silent language of grief |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/features/manchester-by-the-sea-oscars-2017-grief-casey-affleck-kenneth-lonergan-a7509566.html |website=The Independent |access-date=14 April 2020 |language=en |date=8 January 2017 |archive-date=August 19, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200819202629/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/features/manchester-by-the-sea-oscars-2017-grief-casey-affleck-kenneth-lonergan-a7509566.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Reception== ===Box office=== ''Manchester by the Sea'' grossed $47.7{{nbsp}}million in the United States and Canada, and $31.3{{nbsp}}million in other territories, grossing $79{{nbsp}}million worldwide against a production budget of $9{{nbsp}}million.<ref name=BOM>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=manchesterbythesea.htm|title=Manchester by the Sea (2016)|website=Box Office Mojo|access-date=July 22, 2018|archive-date=July 21, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180721192203/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=manchesterbythesea.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> The film began a limited theatrical release on November 18, 2016, and grossed $256,498 from four theaters that weekend, making for a per-theater average of $64,125. It began a U.S.-wide release on December 16, 2016, opening against ''Rogue One'' and ''Collateral Beauty'', grossing $4.2{{nbsp}}million, and finishing sixth in terms of revenue at the box office.<ref name="opening">{{cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2016/12/rogue-one-star-wars-story-preview-box-office-social-media-1201871704/|title='Rogue One' Flying To $152M+ Weekend; 'Collateral Beauty' A Career B.O. Low For Will Smith: PM Update|website=Deadline Hollywood|date=December 19, 2016 |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161219142848/http://deadline.com/2016/12/rogue-one-star-wars-story-preview-box-office-social-media-1201871704/|archive-date=December 19, 2016|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

===Critical response=== ''Manchester by the Sea'' received critical acclaim and praise for Lonergan's screenplay and direction, and the performances of Affleck, Hedges, and Williams. After an early screening at the Sundance Film Festival, ''Rolling Stone'' called it the "must-see film" of 2016.<ref name=fear/> As more critic reviews were published, Rotten Tomatoes assigned the film an approval rating of 96% based on 357 reviews with an average rating of 8.80/10. According to the website's critical consensus, "''Manchester by the Sea'' delivers affecting drama populated by full-bodied characters, marking another strong step forward for writer-director Kenneth Lonergan."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/manchester_by_the_sea/ |title=Manchester by the Sea (2016) |website=Rotten Tomatoes |publisher=Fandango Media |access-date=December 8, 2021 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171126140949/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/manchester_by_the_sea |archive-date=November 26, 2017 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 96 out of 100 based on 53 critics—the third highest of the year—indicating "universal acclaim".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.metacritic.com/movie/manchester-by-the-sea |title=Manchester by the Sea Reviews |website=Metacritic |publisher=CBS Interactive |access-date=December 8, 2021 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161230030900/http://www.metacritic.com/movie/manchester-by-the-sea |archive-date=December 30, 2016 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> According to Metacritic data, critics counted the film among the best films of 2016.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.metacritic.com/feature/film-critics-list-the-top-10-movies-of-2016 |title=Best of 2016: Film Critic Top Ten Lists |website=Metacritic |publisher=CBS Interactive |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161213020719/http://www.metacritic.com/feature/film-critics-list-the-top-10-movies-of-2016 |archive-date=December 13, 2016 |df=mdy-all}}</ref>

{{multiple image | align = right | direction = horizontal | total_width = 386 | image1 = Casey Affleck at the Manchester by the Sea premiere (30199719155) (cropped).jpg | alt1 = | caption1 = | image2 = Lucas Hedges 2017.png | alt2 = | caption2 = | footer = The performances of Casey Affleck, Lucas Hedges and Michelle Williams garnered critical acclaim, earning them Academy Award nominations for Best Actor, Best Supporting Actor and Best Supporting Actress respectively, with Affleck winning his category. | image3 = Michelle Williams UK Manchester By the Sea Premiere.jpg }}

Giving the film five stars out of five, Phil de Semlyen of ''Empire'' called the film "masterfully told and beautifully acted", and favorably compared Affleck's performance to that of Marlon Brando in ''On the Waterfront'', and saying, "there's not much higher praise than that."<ref name=20170419archive>De Semlyen, Phil (January 9, 2017), [https://www.empireonline.com/movies/manchester-sea/review/ "Manchester By The Sea Review"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170419140428/http://www.empireonline.com/movies/manchester-sea/review/ |date=April 19, 2017}}. ''Empire''. Retrieved April 20, 2017.</ref> ''Variety''{{'}}s Justin Chang said the film is a "beautifully textured, richly enveloping drama" and, while he noted that the film "may be too sprawling a vision for all arthouse tastes," he asserted that "Lonergan's many champions are scarcely the only viewers who will be stirred by this superbly grounded and acted third effort."<ref name=chang>{{cite web |url=https://variety.com/2016/film/festivals/manchester-by-the-sea-review-sundance-casey-affleck-1201687256/ |title=Sundance Film Review: 'Manchester by the Sea' |first=Justin |last=Chang |author-link=Justin Chang |date=January 24, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171015191349/http://variety.com/2016/film/festivals/manchester-by-the-sea-review-sundance-casey-affleck-1201687256/ |archive-date=October 15, 2017 |df=mdy-all}}</ref>

Critic Peter Travers said the movie "ranks with the year's very best films" and that "it takes a piece out of you."<ref>Travers, Peter (December 1, 2016), "A New Film Classic." ''Rolling Stone''. (1275):66</ref> RogerEbert.com's Matt Zoller Seitz gave the film four stars out of four, stating it is "the kind of movie you'll want to see a second time with someone who hasn't seen it yet, to remember what it was like to watch it for the first time."<ref name=rogerebert>{{cite web |url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/manchester-by-the-sea-2016 |title=Lee is quiet, depressed, antisocial, a hard drinker |last=Zoller Seitz |first=Matt |author-link=Matt Zoller Seitz |date=18 November 2016 |website=RogerEbert.com |access-date=3 February 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170112193042/http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/manchester-by-the-sea-2016 |archive-date=January 12, 2017 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> Anthony Lane of ''The New Yorker'' called the film "carefully constructed, compellingly acted, and often hard to watch."<ref name=lane>Lane, Anthony (January 30, 2017), "Manchester by the Sea." ''The New Yorker''. '''92''' (47):9–10</ref>

''Entertainment Weekly''{{'}}s Leah Greenblatt said "the exquisitely crafted, emotionally ragged ''Manchester'' doesn't just ask for time and effort; it earns it."<ref name=Greenblatt>Greenblatt, Leah (December 16, 2016), "No. 3 Manchester by the Sea. ''Entertainment Weekly''. (1444/1445):51</ref> In a mixed review, Lanre Bakare of ''The Guardian'' gave the film three stars out of five, saying the "impact of this impressive drama is suffocated by the silence and suffering of its central character."<ref name=20160124theguardian-manchester>{{cite web |last1=Bakare |first1=Lanre |title=Manchester by the Sea review: Kenneth Lonergan's morose echo of Margaret |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2016/jan/24/manchester-by-the-sea-review-kenneth-lonergans-morose-echo-of-margaret |website=The Guardian |access-date=31 August 2018 |language=en |date=January 24, 2016 |archive-date=January 1, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170101213542/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2016/jan/24/manchester-by-the-sea-review-kenneth-lonergans-morose-echo-of-margaret |url-status=live}}</ref> The film was included on many end-of-year lists, including those of the American Film Institute,<ref name=hipes>{{cite web |last=Hipes |first=Patrick |url=https://deadline.com/2016/12/afi-awards-film-2016-list-silence-sully-zootopia-1201867080/ |title=AFI Awards: Best Of 2016 List Includes 'Silence', 'Hacksaw Ridge' & More |website=Deadline Hollywood |date =December 8, 2016 |access-date=December 8, 2016| archive-date=December 22, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161222192150/http://deadline.com/2016/12/afi-awards-film-2016-list-silence-sully-zootopia-1201867080/ | url-status=live}}</ref> ''Rolling Stone'',<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Travers |first1=Peter |title=Movies of the Year |newspaper=Rolling Stone |date=December 15, 2016 |issue=1276 |page=24}}</ref> BBC,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20161215-the-10-best-films-of-2016 |title=The 10 best films of 2016 |first=Nicholas |last=Barber |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116155047/http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20161215-the-10-best-films-of-2016 |archive-date=January 16, 2017 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> ''The New York Times'',<ref name=20161207nytimes-movies>{{cite news |last1=Scott |first1=Manohla Dargis, A. O. |last2=Holden |first2=Stephen |title=The Best Movies of 2016 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/07/movies/the-best-movies-of-2016.html?_r=0 |website=The New York Times |date=7 December 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170110002434/http://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/07/movies/the-best-movies-of-2016.html?_r=0 |archive-date=January 10, 2017 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> ''Los Angeles Times'',<ref name=20161215latimes>{{cite web |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/la-ca-mn-top-10-movies-turan-20161207-story.html |title='Loving,' 'Jackie' and 'Hail, Caesar!' make Kenneth Turan's top 10 films of 2016 |first=Kenneth |last=Turan |date=December 15, 2016 |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161215194312/http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/la-ca-mn-top-10-movies-turan-20161207-story.html |archive-date=December 15, 2016 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> and ''The Washington Post''.<ref name=20161208washingtonpost>{{cite web |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/the-best-movies-of-2016-moonlight-manchester-by-the-sea-and-southside-with-you-make-the-top-10/2016/12/08/0cbd6884-bb32-11e6-91ee-1adddfe36cbe_story.html?tid=a_inl |title=The best movies of 2016: 'Moonlight,' 'Manchester by the Sea' and 'Southside With You' make the top 10 |first1=Ann |last1=Hornaday |date=December 8, 2016 |newspaper=The Washington Post |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171230193007/https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/the-best-movies-of-2016-moonlight-manchester-by-the-sea-and-southside-with-you-make-the-top-10/2016/12/08/0cbd6884-bb32-11e6-91ee-1adddfe36cbe_story.html?tid=a_inl |archive-date=December 30, 2017 |df=mdy-all}}</ref>

The scene that drew the most critical praise depicts the characters Randi and Lee speaking again years after their divorce; Anthony Lane called it the "highlight" of the movie.<ref name=demons>Lane, Anthony (November 28, 2016), "Fighting Demons." ''The New Yorker''. '''92''' (39):96–97</ref> Tom Shone said of Williams' performance, "if this actress were put on earth to do one thing only, it would be this scene."<ref name=SHONE/> According to Chang, Williams "has one astonishing scene that rises from the movie like a small aria of heartbreak."<ref name=chang/> Zoller called the scene "a duet of mortification and mercy that stacks up with the best of Mike Leigh (''Secrets and Lies'')."<ref name=rogerebert/> Affleck said he strove to show restraint while acting the scene, adding, "The challenge was to have all of those feelings and hold it without weeping and wailing and gnashing your teeth. To be there, and not be there."<ref name=Lansky>{{cite news |url=https://time.com/4574491/casey-affleck-manchester-by-the-sea/ |title=In a Tragedy, Casey Affleck Finds Triumph |last=Lansky |first=Sam |magazine=Time |date=November 17, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170517212958/http://time.com/4574491/casey-affleck-manchester-by-the-sea/ |archive-date=May 17, 2017 |df=mdy-all}}</ref>

In 2018, IndieWire writers ranked the script the fifth best American screenplay of the 21st century, with Michael Nordine arguing that "Lonergan's screenplay balances almost every heartbreaking scene with a moment of levity [...]; this proves crucial, as the movie might otherwise have simply been too sad for most people to get through."<ref>{{cite web |last1=Dry |first1=Jude |last2=O'Falt |first2=Chris |last3=Erbland |first3=Kate |last4=Kohn |first4=Eric |last5=Sharf |first5=Zack |last6=Marotta |first6=Jenna |last7=Thompson |first7=Anne |last8=Earl |first8=William |last9=Nordine |first9=Michael |date=April 20, 2018 |title=The 25 Best American Screenplays of the 21st Century, From 'Eternal Sunshine' to 'Lady Bird' |url=https://www.indiewire.com/2018/04/best-screenplays-scripts-american-1201952200/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210119174929/https://www.indiewire.com/2018/04/best-screenplays-scripts-american-1201952200/ |archive-date=January 19, 2021 |access-date=February 4, 2021 |publisher=IndieWire |language=en |last10=Ehrlich |first10=David}}</ref>

===Accolades=== {{main|List of accolades received by Manchester by the Sea (film)}}

''Manchester by the Sea'' received six nominations at the 89th Academy Awards: Best Picture, Best Director, Best Actor (Affleck), Best Supporting Actor (Hedges), Best Supporting Actress (Williams) and Best Original Screenplay,<ref name="Oscars">{{cite web |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/oscar-nominations-2017-complete-list-nominees-960044 |title=Oscars Nominations 2017: The Complete List of Nominees |work=The Hollywood Reporter |date=January 24, 2017 |access-date=January 24, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170125040703/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/oscar-nominations-2017-complete-list-nominees-960044 |archive-date=January 25, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> winning two for Best Original Screenplay for Lonergan and Best Actor for Affleck. It was the first film released by a digital streaming service to be nominated for Best Picture.<ref name=20170124hollywoodreporter>{{cite news |last=Jarvey |first=Natalie |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/oscars-amazon-nabs-streamings-first-best-picture-nomination-manchester-by-sea-967757?ex_cid=SigDig |title=Oscars: Amazon Nabs Streaming's First Best Picture Nomination With 'Manchester by the Sea' |work=The Hollywood Reporter |date=January 24, 2017 |access-date=January 25, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202041900/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/oscars-amazon-nabs-streamings-first-best-picture-nomination-manchester-by-sea-967757?ex_cid=SigDig |archive-date=February 2, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> Affleck won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama, and the film was nominated for four additional awards at the 74th ceremony: Best Picture, Best Director, Best Supporting Actress (for Williams) and Best Screenplay.<ref name=20170108hollywoodreporter>{{cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/la-la-land-breaks-golden-globe-winners-record-wins-961526|title=Golden Globes: 'La La Land' Breaks Record for Most Wins by a Film|work=The Hollywood Reporter|date=January 8, 2017|last=Lee|first=Ashley|access-date=January 12, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170112050723/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/la-la-land-breaks-golden-globe-winners-record-wins-961526|archive-date=January 12, 2017|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

The film received six nominations at the 70th British Academy Film Awards: Best Film, Best Direction, Best Editing, Best Actor in a Leading Role (Affleck), Best Actress in a Supporting Role (Williams), and Best Original Screenplay (Lonergan).<ref name=20170109hollywoodreporter>{{cite web |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/bafta-2017-complete-list-nominations-962769/item/film-bafta-nominees-2017-962744 |title=BAFTA Awards: 'La La Land' Leads Nominations |first=Alex |last=Ritman |date=January 9, 2017 |work=The Hollywood Reporter |access-date=January 10, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170110163616/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/bafta-2017-complete-list-nominations-962769/item/film-bafta-nominees-2017-962744 |archive-date=January 10, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> Affleck won Best Actor in a Leading Role and Lonergan won Best Original Screenplay.<ref name=20170212variety>{{cite web |url=https://variety.com/2017/film/news/bafta-awards-winners-2017-complete-list-british-academy-film-television-1201984618/ |title='La La Land' Wins Top Prizes at BAFTA Awards in London |first=Robert |last=Mitchell |date=February 12, 2017 |website=Variety |access-date=February 12, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170212203255/http://variety.com/2017/film/news/bafta-awards-winners-2017-complete-list-british-academy-film-television-1201984618/ |archive-date=February 12, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> The National Board of Review listed ''Manchester by the Sea'' as its top film of 2016.<ref name=20161129variety>{{Cite news|url=https://variety.com/2016/film/awards/manchester-by-the-sea-national-board-of-review-1201928950/|title='Manchester by the Sea' Named Best Film of the Year by National Board of Review|last=Lang|first=Brent|date=November 29, 2016|work=Variety|access-date=March 12, 2019|archive-date=August 15, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180815002718/https://variety.com/2016/film/awards/manchester-by-the-sea-national-board-of-review-1201928950/|url-status=live}}</ref> The February 2020 issue of ''New York Magazine'' lists ''Manchester by the Sea'' as among "The Best Movies That Lost Best Picture at the Oscars."<ref>{{cite news|title=The Best Movies That Lost Best Picture at the Oscars|url=https://www.vulture.com/article/best-oscar-best-picture-losers.html|magazine=New York Magazine|access-date=March 30, 2025}}</ref> In 2021, members of Writers Guild of America West (WGAW) and Writers Guild of America, East (WGAE) voted its screenplay 65th in WGA's 101 Greatest Screenplays of the 21st Century (So Far).<ref>{{Cite web |title=101 Greatest Screenplays of the 21st Century (*so far) |url=https://www.wga.org/writers-room/101-best-lists/101-best-screenplays-of-the-21st-century-so-far/list |access-date=2025-12-25 |website=www.wga.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Pedersen |first=Erik |date=2021-12-06 |title=101 Greatest Screenplays Of The 21st Century: Horror Pic Tops Writers Guild's List |url=https://deadline.com/2021/12/greatest-screenplays-of-21st-century-list-writers-guild-get-out-1234885622/ |access-date=2025-12-26 |website=Deadline |language=en-US}}</ref> In July 2025, it was one of the films voted for the "Readers' Choice" edition of ''The New York Times''{{'}} list of "The 100 Best Movies of the 21st Century," finishing at number 120.<ref>{{cite web |title=Readers Choose Their Top Movies of the 21st Century |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2025/movies/readers-movies-21st-century.html |website=The New York Times |access-date=2 July 2025}}</ref> That same month, it ranked number 36 on ''Rolling Stone''{{'}}s list of "The 100 Best Movies of the 21st Century."<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.rollingstone.com/tv-movies/tv-movie-lists/best-movies-of-the-21st-century-1235200512/ | title=100 Best Movies of the 21st Century | date=July 1, 2025 }}</ref>

==Notes== {{Reflist|group=note}}

==References== {{Reflist}}

==External links== {{wikiquote}} * {{Official website|http://lionsgateathome.com/manchester-by-the-sea|''Manchester by the Sea''}} – official site * {{IMDb title|4034228|Manchester by the Sea}} * {{Rotten Tomatoes|manchester_by_the_sea|Manchester by the Sea}}

{{Navboxes | title = Awards for ''Manchester by the Sea'' | list = {{National Board of Review Award for Best Film}} {{Satellite Award Best Motion Picture}} {{Vancouver Film Critics Circle Award for Best Film}} }} {{Kenneth Lonergan}} {{Matt Damon}} {{Authority control}}

Category:2016 films Category:2016 drama films Category:2016 independent films Category:2016 American films Category:2016 English-language films Category:2010s psychological drama films Category:Amazon MGM Studios films Category:American independent films Category:American psychological drama films Category:American nonlinear narrative films Category:BAFTA winners (films) Category:English-language drama films Category:English-language independent films Category:Films about alcoholism Category:Films about depression Category:Films about grief Category:Films about uncle–nephew relationships Category:Films directed by Kenneth Lonergan Category:Films featuring a Best Actor Academy Award–winning performance Category:Films featuring a Best Drama Actor Golden Globe winning performance Category:Films produced by Matt Damon Category:Films scored by Lesley Barber Category:Films set in Massachusetts Category:Films shot in Massachusetts Category:Films whose writer won the Best Original Screenplay Academy Award Category:Films whose writer won the Best Original Screenplay BAFTA Award Category:Films with screenplays by Kenneth Lonergan Category:Focus Features films Category:Manchester-by-the-Sea, Massachusetts Category:Pearl Street Films films Category:Roadside Attractions films Category:Satellite Award–winning films Category:Stage 6 Films films Category:StudioCanal films Category:Universal Pictures films