Ledrinae

{{Short description|Subfamily of leafhoppers}} {{Automatic taxobox | name = Ledrinae | image = Leafhopper_Ledra_sp._(21715224963).jpg | image_caption = ''Ledra'' sp., Russia | taxon = Ledrinae | authority = (Kirschbaum, 1867) | display_parents = 3 | synonyms = }}

'''Ledrinae''' is a relatively small subfamily within the very large and diverse leafhopper family Cicadellidae. Originally placed in its own family, the "Ledridae",<ref>Kirschbaum (1867) ''Jahrb. nassau. Ver. Naturk.'', 21/22: 14; in: [https://web.archive.org/web/20200212190134/https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/41b5/b4d56057ef6bddbbb6e0d45db994a808d773.pdf Melville RV, Smith JDD (1987)]</ref> it is based on the type genus ''Ledra''.

==Description== thumb|left|A nymph from southern India showing the typical flat form The Ledrinae are mostly green or brown with a flattened body and tibiae. The ocelli are located near the crown and the forewings have a dense network of veins.

==Tribes and genera== The subfamily contains around 500 species which are divided into 5 to 7 tribes depending on the taxonomy followed. A 2009 revision treats the subfamily as having five tribes. The Afrorubrini are found only in southern Africa with 2 genera; the Hespenedrini has a single genus in Chile; Rubrini with a single genus in Australia; and two larger tribes that have a more widespread distribution, especially the Ledrini. Altogether there are more than 40 genera and around 14 others which are not well-placed.<ref name="Jones & Deitz">{{cite journal|author1=Jones, J. R. |author2=Deitz, L. L. |year=2009|title=Phylogeny and systematics of the leafhopper subfamily Ledrinae (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) |pages=1–120|url=http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2009/f/zt02186p120.pdf|journal=Zootaxa |volume=2186}}</ref>

Genera considered members of the subfamily Ledrinae are listed below; ''Biolib.cz''<ref name=biolib/> currently lists seven tribes.

=== Afrorubrini === An African tribe, created by Jones in 2009 and consist of two genera:<ref>[https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id875832 Biolib.cz: tribus Afrorubrini Jones, 2009 (retrieved 21 February 2020)]</ref> * ''Afrorubria'' Linnavuori, 1972 c g * ''Sichaea'' Stål, 1866

===Ledrini=== [[File:Ledra aurita. Horned Leafhopper - Flickr - gailhampshire.jpg|thumb|right|''Ledra aurita'']] The largest tribe (including Petalocephalini<ref name="Jones & Deitz" />), in number of genera, was originally erected by Fairmaire in 1855 and includes the following genera:<ref>[https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id875834/ Biolib.cz: tribus Ledrini Fairmaire, 1855 (retrieved 21 February 2020)]</ref> {{Div col|colwidth=22em}} * ''Bascarrhinus'' Fowler, 1898 c g * ''Beniledra'' Linnavuori, 1972 c g * ''Betsileonas'' Kirkaldy, 1903 c g * ''Camptelasmus'' Spinola, 1850 * ''Chatura'' Distant, 1908 * ''Cololedra'' Evans, 1969 * ''Confucius'' Distant, 1907 * ''Destinia'' Nast, 1952 * ''Destinoides'' Cai & He, 2000 * ''Dusuna'' Distant, 1907 * ''Eleazara'' Distant, 1908 * ''Eogypona'' Kirkaldy, 1901 * ''Epiclinata'' Metcalf, 1952 * ''Ezrana'' Distant, 1908 * ''Funkikonia'' Katô, 1931 * ''Hangklipia'' Linnavuori, 1972 * ''Hemipeltis'' Spinola, 1850 * ''Jukaruka'' Distant, 1907 * ''Latycephala'' McKamey, 2006 * ''Ledra'' Fabricius, 1803 * ''Ledracorrhis'' Evans, 1959 * ''Ledromorpha'' Stål, 1864 * ''Ledropsella'' Evans, 1966 * ''Ledropsis'' White, 1844 * ''Macrotrichia'' Zhang, Sun & Dai, 2009 * ''Midoria'' Katô, 1931 * ''Neotituria'' Kato, 1932 * ''Pachyledra'' Schumacher, 1912 * ''Parapetalocephala'' Katô, 1931 * ''Petalocephala'' Stål, 1854 * ''Petalocephaloides'' Kato, 1931 * ''Platyjassites''† Hamilton, 1990 * ''Platyledra'' Evans, 1936 * ''Porcorhinus'' Goding, 1903 * ''Stenoledra'' Evans, 1954 * ''Thlasia'' Germar, 1836 * ''Titiella'' Bergroth, 1920 * ''Tituria'' Stål, 1865 * ''Turitia'' Schumacher, 1912 * ''Yelahanka'' {{small|Viraktamath, Webb & Yeshwanth, 2021}} {{Div col end}}

===Monotypic tribes=== * ''Hespenedra'' Kramer, 1966 ('''tribe Hespenedrini''') * ''Rubria'' Stål, 1865 c g ('''tribe Rubrini''')

===Stenocotini=== * ''Anacotis'' Evans, 1937 c g * ''Kyphocotis'' Kirkaldy, 1906 c g * ''Kyphoctella'' Evans, 1966 c g * ''Ledracotis'' Evans, 1937 c g * ''Smicrocotis'' Kirkaldy, 1906 c g * ''Stenocotis'' Stål, 1854 c g

===Thymbrini=== This tribe was erected by Evans in 1936; ''Biolib'' lists the following genera:<ref>[https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id875884/ Biolib.cz: tribus Thymbrini Evans, 1936 (retrieved 22 February 2020)]</ref> {{Div col|colwidth=22em}} * ''Alseis'' Kirkaldy, 1907 c g * ''Epipsychidion'' Kirkaldy, 1906 * ''Hackeriana'' Evans, 1937 c g * ''Ledraprora'' Evans, 1937 c g * ''Ledrella'' Evans, 1937 c g * ''Macroceps'' Signoret, 1879 c g * ''Microledrella'' Evans, 1969 c g * ''Mitelloides'' Evans, 1939 c g * ''Novothymbris'' Evans, 1941 c g * ''Platyhynna'' Berg, 1884 c g * ''Putoniessa'' Kirkaldy, 1907 c g * ''Putoniessiella'' Evans, 1969 c g * ''Rhotidoides'' Evans, 1937 c g * ''Rhotidus'' Walker, 1862 c g * ''Putoniessa'' Kirkaldy, 1907 c g * ''Putoniessiella'' Evans, 1969 c g * ''Rhotidoides'' Evans, 1937 c g * ''Rhotidus'' Walker, 1862 c g * ''Stenalsella'' Evans, 1966 c g * ''Thymbrella'' Evans, 1969 c g * ''Thymbris'' Kirkaldy, 1907 c g {{Div col end}}

=== Xerophloeini === thumb|''Xerophloea viridis'' This tribe was erected by Oman in 1943; ''Biolib'' lists five genera:<ref>[https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id875872/ Biolib.cz: tribus Xerophloeini Oman, 1943 (retrieved 21 February 2020)]</ref> * ''Pariacaca'' Szwedo, 2002 c g * ''Piezauchenia'' Spinola, 1850 c g * ''Proranus'' Spinola, 1850 c g * ''Xedreota'' c g * ''Xerophloea'' Germar, 1839 c g b

Data sources: i = ITIS,<ref name=itis/> c = Catalogue of Life,<ref name=catlife/> g = GBIF,<ref name=gbif/> b = Bugguide.net<ref name=bugref/>

;''Incertae sedis'' * †''Cubicostissus'' {{Au|Bourgoin & Nel, 2020}} * ''Paulianiana'' - monotypic ''P. dracula'' {{Au|Evans, 1954}} endemic to Madagascar.

==Gallery== <gallery> File:Leafhopper @ Kanjirappally, Kerala 01.jpg File:Leafhopper @ Kanjirappally, Kerala 02.jpg </gallery>

==References== {{Reflist|refs= <ref name=itis> {{Cite web| title=ITIS, Integrated Taxonomic Information System | url=https://www.itis.gov/ | accessdate=2018-05-13 }}</ref> <ref name=catlife> {{Cite web| title=''Macrosiphoniella millefolii'' species details | url=http://www.catalogueoflife.org/col/details/species/id/e9a2f8d8f1654ad1367f39b3bc259a53 | website=Catalogue of Life | accessdate=2018-05-13 }}</ref> <ref name=gbif> {{Cite web| title=''Macrosiphoniella millefolii'' | url=https://www.gbif.org/species/2075012 | website=GBIF | accessdate=2018-05-13 }}</ref> <ref name=bugref> {{Cite web| title=''Macrosiphoniella millefolii'' Species Information | url=https://bugguide.net/node/view/484833 | website=BugGuide.net | accessdate=2018-05-13 }}</ref> <ref name=biolib> {{cite web| url = https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id424051/ | title = biolib.cz, subfamily Ledrinae | accessdate=21 February 2020 }}</ref> }}

== External links == * [http://dmitriev.speciesfile.org/key.asp?key=Erythroneura&lng=En&i=1&keyN=9 Identification key]

Category:Ledrinae Category:Cicadellidae