Lebedyan

{{Short description|Town in Lipetsk Oblast, Russia}} {{Use mdy dates|date=March 2014}} {{Infobox Russian inhabited locality |en_name=Lebedyan |ru_name=Лебедянь |image_skyline=Lebedyan.jpg |image_caption=Central Lebedyan |coordinates = {{coord|53|01|N|39|09|E|display=inline,title}} |map_label_position=right |image_flag=Flag of Lebedyan (Lipetsk oblast).png |flag_caption= |image_coa=Coat of Arms of Lebedyan (Lipetsk oblast).png |coa_caption= |anthem= |anthem_ref= |holiday= |holiday_ref=  |federal_subject=Lipetsk Oblast |federal_subject_ref=<ref name="LipetskO_adm" /> |adm_district_jur=Lebedyansky District |adm_district_jur_ref=<ref name="LipetskO_adm" /> |adm_selsoviet_jur=Lebedyan |adm_selsoviet_type=Town under district jurisdiction |adm_selsoviet_jur_ref=<ref name="LipetskO_adm" /> |adm_ctr_of1=Lebedyansky District |adm_ctr_of1_ref=<ref name="LipetskO_adm" /> |adm_ctr_of2=Lebedyan Town Under District Jurisdiction |adm_ctr_of2_ref=<ref name="LipetskO_adm" /> |inhabloc_cat=Town |inhabloc_cat_ref=<ref name="LipetskO_adm" /> |inhabloc_type= |inhabloc_type_ref= |mun_district_jur=Lebedyansky Municipal District |mun_district_jur_ref=<ref name="LipetskO_mun" /> |urban_settlement_jur=Lebedyan Urban Settlement |urban_settlement_jur_ref=<ref name="LipetskO_mun" /> |mun_admctr_of1=Lebedyansky Municipal District |mun_admctr_of1_ref=<ref name="OKTMO">{{OKTMO reference|42 633}}</ref> |mun_admctr_of2=Lebedyan Urban Settlement |mun_admctr_of2_ref=<ref name="LipetskO_mun" /> |leader_title= |leader_title_ref= |leader_name= |leader_name_ref= |representative_body= |representative_body_ref=  |area_of_what= |area_as_of= |area_km2= |area_km2_ref= |pop_2010census=21012 |pop_2010census_ref=<ref name="2010Census">{{ru-pop-ref|2010Census}}</ref> |pop_density= |pop_density_as_of= |pop_density_ref= |pop_latest= |pop_latest_date= |pop_latest_ref=  |established_date=1613 |established_title= |established_date_ref= |current_cat_date=1779 |current_cat_date_ref= |prev_name1= |prev_name1_date= |prev_name1_ref=  |postal_codes=399610–399613, 399619 |dialing_codes= |dialing_codes_ref= |website=http://lebedyan.lipetsk.ru/ }}

'''Lebedyan''' ({{langx|ru|Лебедя́нь}}) is a town and the administrative center of Lebedyansky District in Lipetsk Oblast, Russia. It is located on the upper Don River, {{convert|62|km|sp=us}} northwest of Lipetsk, the administrative center of the oblast. Population: {{ru-census|p2021=20,049|p2010=21,012|p2002=22,966|p1989=22,850}}

==History== It was founded in 1613 largely to guard the holdings of I. N. Romanov, Tsar Michael I's uncle, and served as a border outpost protecting South Russia from the Crimean Tatars' incursions.{{citation needed|date=March 2014}} The Trinity Monastery was established in 1621 and several churches were built by the end of the century; they are all now reduced to ruins.

Chartered in 1779,{{citation needed|date=March 2014}} Lebedyan developed in the 19th century as a center of horse racing and horse breeding. Locals claim that the first racetrack in Russia was opened here in 1826. The Agricultural Society of Lebedyan, founded in 1847, was influential in preparing the emancipation reform of 1861.

In 1984 construction of an underground metro began as hobby tunneling. However, this was abandoned in 2010 without having opened.<ref name="Goncalves">{{cite web |url=https://www.worldconstructionnetwork.com/features/tunnels-week-on-wcn-tales-from-the-underground/ |title=Tunnels Week on WCN: Tales from the underground |last=Goncalves |first=Vania |date=15 July 2016 |website=World Construction Network |access-date=6 June 2020 }}</ref>

==Administrative and municipal status== Within Russia's framework of administrative divisions, Lebedyan serves as the administrative center of Lebedyansky District.<ref name="LipetskO_adm">Law #382-OZ</ref> As an administrative division, it is incorporated within Lebedyansky District as '''Lebedyan Town Under District Jurisdictio'''n.<ref name="LipetskO_adm" /> As a municipal division, Lebedyan Town Under District Jurisdiction is incorporated within Lebedyansky Municipal District as '''Lebedyan Urban Settlement'''.<ref name="LipetskO_mun">Law #126-OZ</ref>

==Economy== The town is the location of the largest fruit juice manufacturer in Eastern Europe, Lebedyansky.

==Architecture== thumb|left|The New Cathedral

Lebedyan has two cathedrals, both dedicated to the icon of the ''Theotokos of Kazan''. The old and neglected cathedral goes back to the 18th century, while the larger cathedral on the market square was designed in the Empire style and consecrated in 1839.

==Notable people== Lebedyan is the birthplace of the author Yevgeny Zamyatin. Other former residents of the town include the authors Mikhail Bulgakov and Andrey Bely. Ivan Turgenev incorporated a story titled ''Lebedyan'' in his collection ''A Sportsman's Sketches''. It was also the home of Leonid Mulyarchik, who attempted to singlehandedly build a subway system in the town. (He eventually gave up on the project.)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.subways.net/russia/lebedyan.htm|title=Russia: Lebedyan Metro subway|access-date=January 1, 2015|archive-date=May 5, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210505164102/http://www.subways.net/russia/lebedyan.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==References== ===Notes=== {{Reflist}}

===Sources=== *{{RussiaAdmMunRef|lip|adm|list}} *{{RussiaAdmMunRef|lip|mun|list}}

Category:Cities and towns in Lipetsk Oblast Category:Lebedyansky Uyezd Category:Populated places established in 1613 Category:1613 establishments in Russia