{{Short description|Letter of the Latin alphabet}} {{hatnote group| {{about|the Latin letter|the Greek letter|υ|the Latin letter resembling a lowercase Greek upsilon|ʋ|the sound with this symbol in the IPA|Near-close near-back rounded vowel}} {{distinguish|text=the inverted ohm (mho) symbol ℧, the Japanese hiragana ひ, the Canadian Aboriginal syllabic ᘮ, or Latin epsilon}} }} {{Refimprove|date=September 2015}} {{use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}{{Infobox grapheme |name=Latin upsilon |letter=Ʊ ʊ |variations= |image=File:Latin letter Upsilon.svg |imageclass=skin-invert-image |imagesize=200px |imagealt=Upper and lower case Latin upsilon |script=Latin script |type=Alphabet |typedesc=ic and Logographic |language= |phonemes={{flex list|[{{IPAlink|ʊ}}] [{{IPAlink|u̘}}]}} |unicode=U+01B1, U+028A |alphanumber= |number= | fam1 = <hiero>G43</hiero><hiero>T3</hiero> | fam2 = class=skin-invert-image|20px|Waw | fam3 = class=skin-invert-image|20px | fam4 = class=skin-invert-image|20px|Waw | fam5 = class=skin-invert-image|20px|Waw | fam6 = {{script|Grek|Υ υ}} |usageperiod= |children= |sisters= |equivalents= |associates= |direction=Left-to-Right }}[[File:Latin Upsilon in ARA - uppercase and lowercase.svg|class=skin-invert-image|thumb|Shapes of horseshoe as designed for the African reference alphabet, clearly based on a serifed shape of the Latin capital U.]]The letter '''Ʊ''' (minuscule: '''ʊ'''), called '''Latin upsilon''' or sometimes '''inverted omega''', '''horseshoe u''', or '''bucket''', is a letter of the International Phonetic Alphabet used to transcribe a near-close near-back rounded vowel. Graphically, the lower case is a turned small-capital Greek letter omega ({{lang|el|Ω}}) in many typefaces (e.g. Arial, Calibri, Candara, Liberation, Lucida, Noto, Times New Roman), and historically it derives from a small-capital Latin U (ᴜ), with the serifs exaggerated to make them more visible.<ref>Small-cap {{angbr IPA|ᴜ}} was rounded to modern {{angbr IPA|ʊ}} in 1904, but continued with its original shape in Americanist usage.{{cite journal |author=Association phonétique internationale |year=1904 |title=Aim and Principles of the International Phonetic Association |journal=Le Maître Phonétique |volume=19 |issue=11 |at=Supplement |jstor=44703664 }}</ref> However, Geoffrey Pullum interpreted it as an IPA variant of the Greek letter upsilon (υ) and called it '''Latin upsilon''', the name that would be adopted by Unicode, though in IPA a letter closer to an actual Greek upsilon is also used for the voiced labiodental approximant; Pullum called this letter ''script V''<ref>{{cite book |last1=Pullum|first1=Geoffrey K.|author-link1=Geoffrey K. Pullum |last2=Ladusaw|first2=William A.|date=1996|title=Phonetic Symbol Guide|edition=Second|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=0-226-68536-5|page=185|title-link=Phonetic Symbol Guide}}</ref> and Unicode calls it V with hook.
Horseshoe is used in the African reference alphabet, and national alphabets such as those of Anii<ref>{{Cite book|title=Alphabet des langues nationales béninoises|publisher=Ministère de l’Alphabétisation et de la Promotion des langues nationales, Centre national de linguistique appliquée, Benin|lang=fr|year=2008|ol = 25931062M}}</ref> and Tem. It most often has the value of {{IPAslink|u}} with retracted tongue root.
==Computer encoding== The majuscule and the minuscule are located at {{unichar|01B1}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0250.pdf|title=IPA Extensions}}</ref> and {{unichar|028A}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0180.pdf|title=Latin Extended-B}}</ref> in Unicode.
Derived characters are {{Unichar|1DB7|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL UPSILON}} and {{Unichar|1D7F|LATIN SMALL LETTER UPSILON WITH STROKE}}.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2004/04132-n2740-phonetic.pdf|title=L2/04-132 Proposal to add additional phonetic characters to the UCS|date=2004-04-19|first=Peter|last=Constable}}</ref>
==See also== *Mho (℧) *Ou (ligature), the Greek ligature of omicron (ο) and upsilon (υ), sometimes written as (℧)
==References== {{reflist}}
{{Latin script|U | show pairs = no }}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Upsilon}} Category:Latin-script letters