Etmopterus

{{Short description|Genus of sharks}} {{automatic taxobox | fossil_range = {{Fossil range|48|0|ref=<ref name=Adnet2001>{{cite journal | author = Adnet S., Cappetta H. | year = 2001 | title = A palaeontological and phylogenetical analysis of squaliform sharks (Chondrichthyes: Squaliformes) based on dental characters | journal = Lethaia | volume = 34 | issue = 3| pages = 234–248 | doi=10.1111/j.1502-3931.2001.tb00052.x}}</ref>}} [[Middle Eocene]] to Present | image = Etmopterus spinax 01.JPG | image_caption = [[Velvet belly lanternshark]] (''Etmopterus spinax'') | image2 = Green lanternshark nmfs1.jpg | image2_caption = [[Green lanternshark]] (''Etmopterus virens'') | taxon = Etmopterus | authority = [[Constantine Samuel Rafinesque-Schmaltz|Rafinesque]], 1810 | type_species = ''Etmopterus aculeatus'' | type_species_authority = Rafinesque, 1810 }}

'''''Etmopterus''''' is a [[genus]] of [[Etmopteridae|lantern shark]]s in the [[Squaliformes|squaliform]] [[Family (taxonomy)|family]] Etmopteridae. They are found in [[deep sea]] ecosystems of the [[Atlantic Ocean|Atlantic]], [[Indian Ocean|Indian]] and [[Pacific Ocean]]s.<ref name=FB>{{FishBase_genus | genus = Etmopterus | month = June | year = 2017 }}</ref>

==Ecology==

A number of species in this genus function as [[Host (biology)|host]] to the specialized [[parasitic]] barnacle ''[[Anelasma squalicola]]'', which embeds itself into the skin of the shark and extracts [[nutrient]]s from its bloodstream.<ref name=Yano2000>{{cite journal | author = Yano K., Musick J.A. | year = 2000 | title = The effect of the mesoparasitic barnacle ''Anelasma'' on the development of reproductive organs of deep-sea squaloid sharks, ''Centroscyllium'' and ''Etmopterus'' | journal = Environmental Biology of Fishes | volume = 59 | issue = 3| pages = 329–339 | doi=10.1023/A:1007649227422| s2cid = 6049145 }}</ref>

==Species== {{Multiple image | image1 = Etmopterus bigelowi.JPG | caption1 = ''E. bigelowi'' | image2 = Etmopterus bullisi.JPG | caption2 = ''E. bullisi'' | image3 = Etmopterus carteri.JPG | caption3 = ''E. carteri'' | image4 = Etmopterus gracilispinis.JPG | caption4 = ''E. gracilispinis'' | image5 = Etmopterus granulosus.JPG | caption5 = ''E. granulosus'' | image6 = Etmopterus hillianus.JPG | caption6 = ''E. hillianus'' | image7 = Etmopterus lucif.JPG | caption7 = ''E. lucifer'' | image8 = Etmopterus perryi.JPG | caption8 = ''E. perryi'' | image9 = Etmopterus polli.JPG | caption9 = ''E. polli'' | image10 = Etmopterus princeps.JPG | caption10 = ''E. princeps'' | image11 = Etmopterus pus.JPG | caption11 = ''E. pusillus'' | image12 = Etmopterus robinsi.JPG | caption12 = ''E. robinsi'' | perrow = 4/4/4 | align = center | total_width = 660 }} There are currently 45 recognized species in this genus: * ''[[Etmopterus alphus]]'' [[David A. Ebert|Ebert]], [[Nicolas Straube|Straube]], [[Robin W. Leslie|Leslie]] & [[Simon Weigmann|Weigmann]], 2016 (whitecheek lanternshark)<ref name=Ebert2016>{{cite journal |author=Ebert D.A. |author2=Straube N. |author3=Leslie R.W. |author4=Weigmann S. | year = 2016 | title = ''Etmopterus alphus'' n. sp.: a new lanternshark (Squaliformes: Etmopteridae) from the south-western Indian Ocean | journal = African Journal of Marine Science | volume = 38 | issue = 3| pages = 329–340 | doi=10.2989/1814232X.2016.1198275| s2cid = 89547111 }}</ref> * ''[[Etmopterus baxteri]]'' [[Jack Garrick|Garrick]], 1957 (New Zealand lanternshark)<ref>{{cite WoRMS |author=N. Bailly |year=2008 |title=Etmopterus baxteri Garrick, 1957 |id=271627 |access-date=October 11, 2017 |db=Fish }}</ref> * ''[[Etmopterus benchleyi]]'' [[Victoria Elena Vásquez|Vásquez]], [[David A. Ebert|Ebert]] & [[Douglas J. Long|D. J. Long]], 2015 (ninja lanternshark)<ref name=Vasquez2015>{{cite journal |author=Vásquez V.E. |author2=Ebert D.A. |author3=Long D.J. | year = 2015 | title = ''Etmopterus benchleyi'' n. sp., a new lanternshark (Squaliformes: Etmopteridae) from the central eastern Pacific Ocean | url = http://www.oceansciencefoundation.org/josf/josf17d.pdf | journal = Journal of the Ocean Science Foundation | volume = 17 | pages = 43–55 }}</ref> * ''[[Etmopterus bigelowi]]'' [[Shigeru Shirai|Shirai]] & [[Hiroyuki Tachikawa|Tachikawa]], 1993 (blurred lanternshark) * ''[[Etmopterus brachyurus]]'' [[Hugh McCormick Smith|H. M. Smith]] & [[Lewis Radcliffe|Radcliffe]], 1912 (short-tail lanternshark) * ''[[Etmopterus brosei]]'' [[David A. Ebert|Ebert]], [[Robin W. Leslie|Leslie]] & [[Simon Weigmann|Weigmann]], 2021 (Barrie's lanternshark)<ref>{{Cite journal |author=Ebert, D.A. |author2=Leslie, R.W. |author3=Weigmann, S.|date=31 May 2021|title=''Etmopterus brosei'' sp. nov.: a new lanternshark (Squaliformes: Etmopteridae) from the southeastern Atlantic and southwestern Indian oceans, with a revised key to the ''Etmopterus lucifer'' clade|journal=Marine Biodiversity |volume=51 |issue=3 |doi=10.1007/s12526-021-01173-0|s2cid=236343587 }}</ref> * ''[[Etmopterus bullisi]]'' [[Henry Bryant Bigelow|Bigelow]] & [[William Charles Schroeder|Schroeder]], 1957 * ''[[Etmopterus burgessi]]'' [[Jayna Ann Schaaf-Da Silva|Schaaf-Da Silva]] & [[David A. Ebert|Ebert]], 2006<ref name=Silva2006>{{cite journal | journal = Zootaxa | volume = 1373 | year = 2006 | pages = 53–64 | title = ''Etmopterus burgessi'' sp. nov., a new species of lanternshark (Squaliformes: Etmopteridae) from Taiwan |author1=Schaaf-Da Silva, J.A. |author2=Ebert, D.A. | doi = 10.11646/zootaxa.1373.1.3 }}</ref> * ''[[Etmopterus carteri]]'' [[Stewart Springer|S. Springer]] & [[George H. Burgess|G. H. Burgess]], 1985 (cylindrical lanternshark) * ''[[Etmopterus caudistigmus]]'' [[Peter Robert Last|Last]], [[George H. Burgess|G. H. Burgess]] & [[Bernard Séret|Séret]], 2002 (tail-spot lanternshark) * ''[[Etmopterus compagnoi]]'' [[Ronald Fricke|R. Fricke]] & [[Isabel Koch|Koch]], 1990<ref name=Straube2015>Straube, N., Leslie, R.W., Clerkin, P.J., Ebert, D.A., Rochel, E., Corrigan, S., Li, C. & Naylor, G.J.P. (2015): [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0967064514001210 On the occurrence of the Southern Lanternshark, ''Etmopterus granulosus'', off South Africa, with comments on the validity of ''E. compagnoi''.] ''Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 115: 11-17.''</ref> * ''[[Etmopterus decacuspidatus]]'' [[Chan William Lai-Yee|W. L. Y. Chan]], 1966 (comb-tooth lanternshark) * ''[[Etmopterus dianthus]]'' [[Peter Robert Last|Last]], [[George H. Burgess|G. H. Burgess]] & [[Bernard Séret|Séret]], 2002 (pink lanternshark) * ''[[Etmopterus dislineatus]]'' [[Peter Robert Last|Last]], [[George H. Burgess|G. H. Burgess]] & [[Bernard Séret|Séret]], 2002 * ''[[Etmopterus evansi]]'' [[Peter Robert Last|Last]], [[George H. Burgess|G. H. Burgess]] & [[Bernard Séret|Séret]], 2002 (black-mouth lanternshark) * ''[[Etmopterus fusus]]'' [[Peter Robert Last|Last]], [[George H. Burgess|G. H. Burgess]] & [[Bernard Séret|Séret]], 2002 (pygmy lanternshark) * ''[[Etmopterus gracilispinis]]'' [[Gerhard Krefft|G. Krefft]], 1968 (broad-banded lanternshark) * ''[[Etmopterus granulosus]]'' ([[Albert Karl Ludwig Gotthilf Günther|Günther]], 1880) (southern lanternshark) * ''[[Etmopterus hillianus]]'' ([[Felipe Poey y Aloy|Poey]], 1861) (Caribbean lanternshark) * ''[[Etmopterus joungi]]'' [[James D. S. Knuckey|Knuckey]], [[David A. Ebert|Ebert]] & [[George H. Burgess|G. H. Burgess]], 2011 (short-fin smooth lanternshark)<ref name=Knuckey2011>Knuckey, J.D.S., Ebert, D.A. & Burgess, G.H. (2011): [https://aqua-aquapress.com/etmopterus-joungi-n-sp-a-new-species-of-lanternshark-squaliformes-etmopteridae-from-taiwan-2/ ''Etmopterus joungi'' n. sp., a new species of lanternshark (Squaliformes: Etmopteridae) from Taiwan.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021221828/https://aqua-aquapress.com/etmopterus-joungi-n-sp-a-new-species-of-lanternshark-squaliformes-etmopteridae-from-taiwan-2/ |date=2020-10-21 }} ''aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology, 17 (2): 61-72.''</ref> * ''[[Etmopterus lailae]]'' [[David A. Ebert|Ebert]], [[Yannis Peter Papastamatiou|Papastamatiou]], [[Stephen Michael Kajiura|Kajiura]] & [[Bradley M. Wetherbee|Wetherbee]], 2017 (Laila's lanternshark)<ref name=Ebert2017>{{cite journal | author = Ebert D.A. | author2 = Papastamatiou Y.P. | author3 = Kajiura S.M. | author4 = Wetherbee B.M. | year = 2017 | title = ''Etmopterus lailae'' sp. nov., a new lanternshark (Squaliformes: Etmopteridae) from the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands | url = http://www.science.fau.edu/sharklab/pdfs/epkw17.pdf | journal = Zootaxa | volume = 4237 | issue = 2 | pages = 371–382 | doi = 10.11646/zootaxa.4237.2.10 | pmid = 28264297 | archive-date = 2018-10-24 | access-date = 2017-09-26 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181024103252/http://www.science.fau.edu/sharklab/pdfs/epkw17.pdf | url-status = dead }}</ref> * ''[[Etmopterus litvinovi]]'' [[Nikolai Vasilyevich Parin|Parin]] & [[Aleksandr Nicholaevich Kotlyar|Kotlyar]], 1990 (small-eye lanternshark) * ''[[Etmopterus lucifer]]'' [[David Starr Jordan|D. S. Jordan]] & [[John Otterbein Snyder|Snyder]], 1902 (black-belly lanternshark) * ''[[Etmopterus marshae]]'' [[David A. Ebert|Ebert]] & [[Kelley E. Van Hees|Van Hees]] (Marsha's lanternshark)<ref name='ebertvanhees'>{{cite journal |last1= Ebert |first1= David A. |last2= Van Hees |first2= Kelley E. |date= 2018 |title= ''Etmopterus marshae'' sp. nov, a new lanternshark (Squaliformes: Etmopteridae) from the Philippine Islands, with a revised key to the ''Etmopterus lucifer'' clade |journal= Zootaxa |volume= 4508 |issue= 2|pages= 197–210|doi= 10.11646/zootaxa.4508.2.3|pmid= 30485973 |s2cid= 54122190 }}</ref> * ''[[Etmopterus molleri]]'' ([[Gilbert Percy Whitley|Whitley]], 1939) (Moller's lanternshark or also Slendertail lanternshark) * ''[[Etmopterus perryi]]'' [[Stewart Springer|S. Springer]] & [[George H. Burgess|G. H. Burgess]], 1985 (dwarf lanternshark) * ''[[Etmopterus polli]]'' [[Henry Bryant Bigelow|Bigelow]], [[William Charles Schroeder|Schroeder]] & [[Stewart Springer|S. Springer]], 1953 (African lanternshark) * ''[[Etmopterus princeps]]'' [[Robert Collett|Collett]], 1904 (great lanternshark) * ''[[Etmopterus pseudosqualiolus]]'' [[Peter Robert Last|Last]], [[George H. Burgess|G. H. Burgess]] & [[Bernard Séret|Séret]], 2002 (false lanternshark) * ''[[Etmopterus pusillus]]'' ([[Richard Thomas Lowe|R. T. Lowe]], 1839) (smooth lanternshark) * ''[[Etmopterus pycnolepis]]'' [[Aleksandr Nicholaevich Kotlyar|Kotlyar]], 1990 (dense-scale lanternshark) * ''[[Etmopterus robinsi]]'' [[Pamela J. Schofield|Schofield]] & [[George H. Burgess|G. H. Burgess]], 1997 (West Indian lanternshark) * ''[[Etmopterus samadiae]]'' [[William Toby White|W. T. White]], [[David A. Ebert|Ebert]], [[Ralph Reeves Mana|Mana]] & [[Shannon Leah Corrigan|Corrigan]], 2017 (Papuan lanternshark)<ref name=White2017>{{cite journal |author=White W.T. |author2=Ebert D.A. |author3=Mana R.R. |author4=Corrigan S. | year = 2017 | title = ''Etmopterus samadiae'' n. sp., a new lanternshark (Squaliformes: Etmopteridae) from Papua New Guinea | url = http://www.mapress.com/j/zt/article/view/zootaxa.4244.3.3 | journal = Zootaxa | volume = 4244 | issue = 3| pages = 339–354 | doi = 10.11646/zootaxa.4244.3.3 | pmid = 28610109 | url-access = subscription }}</ref> * ''[[Etmopterus schultzi]]'' [[Henry Bryant Bigelow|Bigelow]], [[William Charles Schroeder|Schroeder]] & [[Stewart Springer|S. Springer]], 1953 (fringe-fin lanternshark) * ''[[Etmopterus sculptus]]'' [[David A. Ebert|Ebert]], [[Leonard Joseph Victor Compagno|Compagno]] & [[Marlee J. De Vries|De Vries]], 2011 (sculpted lanternshark)<ref name=Ebert2011>{{cite journal |author=Ebert D.A. |author2=Compagno L.J.V. |author3=De Vries M.J. | year = 2011 | title = A New Lanternshark (Squaliformes: Etmopteridae: ''Etmopterus'') from Southern Africa | journal = Copeia | volume = 2011 | issue = 3| pages = 379–384 | doi=10.1643/CI-09-183| s2cid = 83658773 }}</ref> * ''[[Etmopterus sentosus]]'' [[A. John Bass|Bass]], [[Jeannette Dymock D'Aubrey|D'Aubrey]] & [[Nadaraj Kistnasamy|Kistnasamy]], 1976 (thorny lanternshark) * ''[[Etmopterus sheikoi]]'' ([[Vladimir Nikolaevich Dolganov|Dolganov]], 1986) (rasp-tooth dogfish)<ref name=Straube2013>{{cite journal |author=Straube N. |author2=White W.T. |author3=Ho H.-C. |author4=Rochel E. |author5=Corrigan S. |author6=Li C. |author7=Naylor G.J.P. | year = 2013 | title = A DNA sequence-based identification checklist for Taiwanese chondrichthyans | url = http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2013/f/zt03752p278.pdf | journal = Zootaxa | volume = 3752 | issue = 1| pages = 256–278 | doi = 10.11646/zootaxa.3752.1.16 | pmid = 25229119 }}</ref> * ''[[Etmopterus spinax]]'' ([[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]]) (velvet-belly lanternshark) * ''[[Etmopterus splendidus]]'' [[Kazunari Yano|Ka. Yano]], 1988 (splendid lanternshark) * ''[[Etmopterus unicolor]]'' ([[Robert Engelhardt|Engelhardt]], 1912) (bristled lanternshark) * ''[[Etmopterus viator]]'' [[Nicolas Straube|Straube]], 2011 (traveller lanternshark)<ref name=Straube2011>{{cite journal |author=Straube, N. |author2=Duhamel, G. |author3=Gasco, N. |author4=Kriwet, J. |author5=Schliewen, U.K. | year = 2011 | title = Description of a new deep-sea Lantern Shark ''Etmopterus viator'' sp. nov. (Squaliformes: Etmopteridae) from the Southern Hemisphere. ''In'': Duhamel, G. & Welsford, D. (Eds.), ''The Kerguelen Plateau: Marine Ecosystem and Fisheries.'' | journal = Société Française d'Ichtyologie | pages = 137–150 }}</ref> * ''[[Etmopterus villosus]]'' [[Charles Henry Gilbert|C. H. Gilbert]], 1905 (Hawaiian lanternshark) * ''[[Etmopterus virens]]'' [[Henry Bryant Bigelow|Bigelow]], [[William Charles Schroeder|Schroeder]] & [[Stewart Springer|S. Springer]], 1953 (green lanternshark) * [[Etmopterus westraliensis|''Etmopterus westraliensis'']] Ng, White, Liu & Joung 2025

===Extinct species=== There are at least two extinct species found in ''Etmopterus''.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://shark-references.com/species/listAllFossil/E |title=List of species/Extinct - complete |website=shark-references.com |access-date=September 25, 2017}}</ref> * †''[[Etmopterus acutidens]]'' Casier 1966 * †''[[Etmopterus cahuzaci]]'' Adnet 2006

==See also== *[[List of prehistoric cartilaginous fish]]

==References== {{Reflist}} {{Selachimorpha|S.}}

[[Category:Etmopterus| ]] [[Category:Shark genera]] [[Category:Taxa named by Constantine Samuel Rafinesque]]