Lancia Artena

{{Infobox automobile | name = Lancia Artena | image = Lancia Artena Berlina 1930.jpg | caption = 1930 Lancia Artena Berlina | manufacturer = [[Lancia]] | aka = | production = 1931–1936<br />1940–1942 | assembly = | class = | body_style = {{unbulleted list|Bare [[chassis]]|4-door, 4-seater [[Sedan (car)|saloon]]|4-door, 6-seater [[Sedan (car)|saloon]]}} | layout = [[Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout|Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive]] | related = [[Lancia Astura]] | engine = 1,924 cc ''[[Lancia V4 engine|Lancia tipo 84]]'' [[V4 engine|V4]] ([[Petrol engine|petrol]]) | transmission = 4-speed [[Manual transmission|manual]] | wheelbase = {{unbulleted list |''Series I–II:''|{{convert|2990|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} |''Series III:''|{{convert|2950|,|3180|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} |''Series IV:''|{{convert|3180|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}}} | length = {{unbulleted list |''Series I–II:''|{{convert|4320|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} |''Series III:''|{{convert|4370|,|4600|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} |''Series IV:''|{{convert|4960|,|4970|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}}} | width = {{unbulleted list |''Series I–II:''|{{convert|1632|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} |''Series III:''|{{convert|1680|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} |''Series IV:''|{{convert|1730|,|1900|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}}} | height = | weight = {{convert|1350|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}} | predecessor = [[Lancia Lambda]] | successor = | sp = uk }}

The '''Lancia Artena''' (''Tipo 228'') is a [[Car|passenger car]] produced by [[Italy|Italian]] car manufacturer [[Lancia]] from 1931 until 1936, and from 1940 until 1942 chiefly for army and government use. It was powered by a 2-litre [[Lancia V4 engine]], while chassis and factory bodies were shared with the more luxurious 2.6-litre [[V8 engine|V8]]-engined [[Lancia Astura]]. Total production amounted to 5,567 examples.

==History== Artena and her sister Astura made their début at the October 1931 [[Paris Motor Show]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.archiviolastampa.it/component/option,com_lastampa/task,search/mod,libera/action,viewer/Itemid,3/page,5/articleid,1150_01_1931_0234_0005_24893212/ |title=Le novità al "Salon" di Parigi |first=Giuseppe |last=Tonelli |date=2 October 1931 |page=5 |newspaper=[[La Stampa]] |language=IT |accessdate=4 May 2015}}</ref> Interrupting Lancia's decade-old tradition of naming its cars with Greek letters, the new model was named after [[Artena]], an ancient town of the pre-Roman [[Volsci]] people.

The [[Lancia Astura]] was a more powerful and more luxurious version of this car based on the same platform.<ref name="omicron.uk.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.omicron.uk.com/lanciacentral/misc/artena.html |title=Lancia Artena & Astura |website=omicron.uk.com |first=Andrew |last=Cliffe |date=1 April 2001 |accessdate=12 November 2007 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110810100151/http://www.omicron.uk.com/lanciacentral/misc/artena.html |archivedate=10 August 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Besides the engines, main differences between the two cars were the Artena's [[Michelin]] disc wheels instead of the Astura's [[Rudge-Whitworth]] [[wire wheels]], and the Astura's longer wheelbase.

There were four successive versions of the car. The first series was built between autumn of 1931 through summer of 1932; during the next year the second series was produced, and the third series from Autumn 1933 until the start of 1936.

===Series I=== ;Produced between 1931 and 1932, 1,500 built. Deliveries began in December 1931. The 2-litre engine put out {{convert|55|hp|0|abbr=on}}. For 1932 the Artena was available from the factory in two 4-door body styles—four-window [[Sedan (car)|saloon]] seating four and six-window saloon seating six—or as bare chassis.

===Series II=== ;Produced between 1932 and 1933, 1,520 built. Second series changes were light; the car now incorporated modified engine mountings to reduce noise and vibrations. [[File:Lancia Artena III Serie (1934) (4640639990).jpg|left|thumb|Third series Lancia Artena six-window saloon (228A)]]

===Series III=== ;Produced between 1933 and 1936, 2,040 built. The third series brought deeper changes, including new bodywork with a slanted grille. The chassis was modified and made available in two different wheelbase lengths, short ({{convert|2950|mm|m|1|disp=out|abbr=on}}, chassis ''tipo 228C'') and normal ({{convert|3180|mm|m|1|disp=out|abbr=on}}, chassis ''tipo 228A'')—hitherto a prerogative of the more expensive Astura. The new 1934 range introduced in late 1933 thus included short or normal bare chassis, four passenger saloon on the short chassis, and six passenger saloon on the normal chassis. In total 1,552 Artena 228As and 488 short-wheelbase Artena 228Cs were made.{{sfn|Amatori|1992|page=358}}

===Series IV=== ;Produced between 1940 and 1942, 507 built. At the beginning of [[Second World War|World War II]], the Artena was put back into production at the request of the [[Royal Italian Army]]. As the car was now intended chiefly for use by the army to chauffeur high officers rather than for private sales, it was modified accordingly. The chassis was a new [[Vehicle frame#Platform frame|platform frame]], bearing new type codes, and was produced in longer wheelbase version only. The engine was also a modified ''Tipo 54A'' with a lower output of {{cvt|51|hp-metric|kW|0}} at 3,800 rpm.{{sfn|Amatori|1992|page=359}} Another change were [[Fergat]] stamped-steel wheels.

Chassis type 341 was designed for passenger cars; top speed was down to {{convert|105|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}}. 361 of this type were built.{{sfn|Amatori|1992|page=359}} Three body styles were made for official usage, all three 6-seaters featuring a roll-down partition between the driver and the passenger compartment: * ''Berlina'', six-window saloon for government duties and accordingly known as '''Ministeriale'''. * ''Trasformabile 4 luci'', 4-door, four-light [[convertible]] saloon (bodied by [[Carrozzeria Viotti]]). * ''Torpedo trasformabile'', saloon with folding roof, for colonial and field use as military [[staff car]], known as '''Militare''' (also by Carrozzeria Viotti).

Chassis type 441 was a modified version, to be outfitted as an [[ambulance]]. 191 were built.{{sfn|Amatori|1992|page=359}}

==Coachbuilders== [[File:Lancia Artena Cabriolet 1931 2.jpg|right|thumb|Lancia Artena Cabriolet 1931]] Lancia offered the Artena and Astura in saloon form only, and left its other body styles to third-party coachbuilders. Coachbuilders like [[Stabilimenti Farina]], [[Pinin Farina]] and [[Carrozzeria Touring]] built Artena [[cabriolet]]s, [[coupé]]s, faux cabriolets, [[Torpedo (car)|torpedoes]] and sport saloons. The Dutch coachbuilder B.T. Van Rijswijk has made in 1938 one dropheadcoupe.

Other coachbuilders offered conversions into [[commercial vehicle]]s, such as vans or ambulances. Viotti made two special Artena mobile studios for the Italian [[Public broadcasting|public service broadcaster]], [[Ente Italiano per le Audizioni Radiofoniche|EIAR]].

==Specifications== Overall the Artena reprised the layout set by the preceding [[Lancia Lambda]], the crucial difference being the [[body-on-frame]] construction, in contrast to the Lambda's [[unibody]]. This was to provide a suitable basis for coachbuilders to work on, as at the time bespoke coachwork was common on luxury cars such as the Astura; unibody development continued on small Lancias like the [[Lancia Augusta|Augusta]]. [[File:Lancia Artena III.jpg|thumb|left|Lancia Artena of 1934]] The Artena's engine was a ''Tipo 84'' Lancia [[V4 engine]], with a one-piece [[cast iron]] [[cylinder block]]. A narrow angle of 17° between the [[cylinder bank]]s kept the engine compact; all four cylinders' exhausts exited on the left hand side, while on the right there was a single [[Zenith carburettor|Zenith]] downdraught [[carburettor]]. A chain-driven [[overhead camshaft]] operated two parallel [[poppet valve]]s per cylinder. Bore and stroke measured respectively {{convert|82.55|and|90.0|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}, for a total displacement of {{convert|1924|cc|cuin|1|abbr=on}}; maximum power was {{convert|55|hp|0|abbr=on}} at 4,000 rpm.{{sfn|Amatori|1992|page=358}} Lancia declared a top speed of {{convert|115|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}}.{{sfn|Amatori|1992|page=358}} Noteworthily the engine was not directly attached to the chassis, but rather suspended via two [[leaf spring]]s in order to dampen vibrations.

The transmission was a 4-speed [[Manual transmission|gearbox]] with a single-plate dry [[clutch]]; fourth speed was a [[Direct drive mechanism|direct drive]].

Front suspension was [[Independent suspension|independent]] of the "Lancia" [[sliding pillar]] type, developed from the Lambda's. At the rear there was a [[solid axle]] on semi-elliptic [[leaf springs]] and [[Friction disk shock absorber|friction disk dampers]]. Braking was via [[Drum brake|drums]], on all four corners.

==References== {{reflist}}

==Bibliography== {{refbegin}} * {{cite book |title=Lancia |first=Michael |last=Frostick |publisher=Dalton Watson |year=1976 |location=London |ISBN=0-901564-22-2}} * {{cite book |title=Storia della Lancia — Impresa Tecnologie Mercati 1906–1969 |first1=Franco |last1=Amatori  |display-authors=etal |publisher=[[Fabbri Editori]] |year=1992 |location=Milan }} {{refend}}

==External links== {{commons category|Lancia Artena}} * {{url|http://www.lanciaartena.com/|lanciaartena.com}}

[[Category:Lancia vehicles|Artena]] [[Category:1930s cars]] [[Category:1940s cars]] [[Category:Cars introduced in 1931]] [[Category:Cars discontinued in 1942]]