{{Short description|Italian light military truck}} {{about|the 1912 military truck|the armored car on the same chassis|Lancia 1ZM}} {{Infobox weapon | name = Lancia 1Z | image = | caption = An image of the only four Lancia 1ZMs located in the Italian concession of Tianjin lined up | type = Light military [[truck]] | origin = Italy | is_vehicle = yes | service = | used_by = [[Royal Italian Army]] | wars = [[Italo-Turkish War]]<br />[[World War I|First World War]] | manufacturer = [[Lancia]] | production_date = 1912–1916 | number = 91 | weight = | length = {{convert|5100|mm|in|abbr=on}} | width = {{convert|1750|mm|in|abbr=on}} | height = | engine = Lancia tipo 61<br />4,490&nbsp;cc [[Inline-four engine|I4]] [[Petrol engine|petrol]] | engine_power = 70&nbsp;hp | payload_capacity = 2.2&nbsp;t | transmission = 4-speed [[Manual transmission|gearbox]] | suspension = [[Leaf spring]]s | speed = {{convert|60|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} }}

The '''Lancia 1Z''' was a light military [[truck]] produced by Italian manufacturer [[Lancia]] between 1912 and 1916. From a mechanical standpoint, it was closely related to the 1913 [[Lancia Theta-35HP|35 HP Theta]] [[Car|passenger car]]. It was Lancia's first military vehicle.<ref name="Lancia history">{{cite web |url=http://www.lancia.com/com/en/history/model-history/ |title=Historic models |publisher=Lancia Automobiles S.p.A. |accessdate=3 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150422065736/http://www.lancia.com/com/en/history/model-history |archive-date=22 April 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Development and service history== At the outbreak of the [[Italo-Turkish War]] of 1911, the [[Royal Italian Army]], whose motorisation had only begun a few years before, was chiefly equipped with [[Fiat 15]] trucks. After a positive experience on the field, the army handed out additional procurements contracts of trucks for tactical and logistical use, to both Fiat and other manufacturers. One of them was Lancia, which developed the 1Z and began deliveries in 1912, in time for the vehicle to see war service on the harsh terrains of [[Libya]]. Production and army use continued into the [[World War I|First World War]].

In 1916, [[Gio. Ansaldo & C.|Ansaldo]] and Lancia jointly built an [[armored car (military)|armored car]] on the 1Z chassis, named ''[[Lancia 1ZM|Automitragliatrice Lancia Ansaldo 1Z]]''. These were the Royal Italian Army main armored vehicle and were used in [[riot control]] and later in the war to quickly exploit infantry breakthroughs. An improved type, the ''Lancia Ansaldo 1ZM'', was produced in 1918.

In 1915, Lancia introduced the [[Lancia Jota|Jota]] truck, which used the same 4.5-litre engine but had a dedicated chassis; production of the 1Z truck subsequently ended during 1916.

== {{anchor|Autocannone}} Self-propelled artillery == In 1917 the 1Z truck was selected as the carrier for [[Cannone da 75/27 A.V.|Cannone da 75/26 A.V.]] guns to form [[Self-propelled anti-aircraft weapon|self-propelled anti-aircraft artillery]]; designated '''Autocannone da 75/27 C.K.''', the weapon system consisted of an anti-aircraft gun permanently installed in the bed of a partially armored 1Z. The [[pintle mount]]ed 75/26 A.V. (''Anti Velivolo'', anti-aircraft) was based on the [[Cannone da 75/27 modello 06|75/27 Mod. 1906]]{{efn|License-built [[Krupp]] field gun adopted by the Royal Italian Army.}} [[field gun]] modified for use in the anti-aircraft role.{{sfn|Riccio and Pignato|p=25}} The initial order of 50 guns was later halved to 25, to form six mobile batteries (''Autobatterie'') which were delivered in summer 1918; the experiment was short lived, as the weapon did not prove satisfactory in the field and the guns were soon dismounted to be used in static positions.{{sfn|Riccio and Pignato|p=25}}

The Italian artillery arm also used the 1Z as a gun platform in a [[self-propelled artillery]] role carrying [[Cannone da 75/27 modello 11|75/27 Mod. 1911]] guns [[portee]]-style.{{sfn|Riccio and Pignato|p=25}} Six batteries were formed in late 1918, and from 1920 to 1928 were assigned to the [[horse artillery]] branch.{{sfn|Riccio and Pignato|p=25}}

==Specifications== The 1Z was powered by the ''Tipo 61'' 4,940&nbsp;cc [[side valve]], [[monobloc head|monobloc]] [[Inline-four engine|inline four-cylinder engine]] delivering {{convert|70|hp|abbr=on}} at 2,200&nbsp;rpm.{{sfn|Amatori|1992|page=402}} The chassis was a conventional [[ladder frame]] with [[solid axle]]s on semi-elliptic [[leaf spring]]s; brakes were [[Transmission brake|on the transmission]] and on the rear wheels. The transmission was a ''Tipo 105'' 4-speed [[Manual transmission|manual gearbox]] with a multi-plate dry [[clutch]]. Main differences from the [[Lancia Theta-35HP|Theta]]'s mechanicals were wider [[axle track]]s, and [[tyre (wheel)|tyre]]s and metal disc wheels more suited to military use.{{sfn|Amatori|1992|page=402}} The vehicle had a top speed of {{convert|60|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} and could carry 2.2&nbsp;tons of cargo.<ref name="Lancia history" />

==Notes and references== ===Notes=== {{notelist}}

===References=== {{reflist}}

===Bibliography=== {{refbegin}} * {{cite book |title=Storia della Lancia — Impresa Tecnologie Mercati 1906–1969 |first1=Franco |last1=Amatori <!--|first2=Florence |last2=Baptiste |first3=Giuseppe |last3=Berta |first4=Duccio |last4=Bifrazzi |first5=Maria Teresa |last5=De Palma |first6=Guido |last6=Bosani |first7=Giancarlo |last7=Subbrero--> |display-authors=etal |publisher=[[Fabbri Editori]] |year=1992 |location=Milan }} * {{cite book |title=Italian Truck Mounted Artillery: In Action |first1=Ralph |last1=Riccio |first2=Nicola |last2=Pignato |publisher=Squadron/Signal Publications |series=In Action Series |number=2440 |isbn=978-0-89747-601-0 |ref={{sfnref|Riccio and Pignato}}}} {{refend}}

{{Lancia}} {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}

[[Category:Lancia trucks|1Z]] [[Category:Military trucks of Italy]] [[Category:Military vehicles introduced in the 1910s]] [[Category:World War I vehicles of Italy]] [[Category:World War I vehicles]] [[Category:Vehicles introduced in 1912]]