{{Short description|Tribe of snakes}} {{Automatic taxobox | fossil_range = [[Early Miocene]] – present, {{fossilrange|23|0}}<ref name="pyronburbrink2009">{{cite journal | last1 = Pyron | first1 = R. A. | last2 = Burbrink | first2 = F. T. | year = 2009 | title = Neogene diversification and taxonomic stability in the snake tribe Lampropeltini (Serpentes: Colubridae) | journal = Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution | volume = 52 | issue = 2 | pages = 524–529 | doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2009.02.008 | pmid=19236930| bibcode = 2009MolPE..52..524P }}</ref> | image = Red Milk Snake (Lampropeltis triangulum syspila) (14521230074).jpg | image_caption = Milk snake, ''[[Lampropeltis triangulum]]'' | taxon = Lampropeltini | authority = [[Herndon G. Dowling|Dowling]], 1975 | subdivision_ranks = Genera | subdivision = * ''[[Senticolis]]'' <small>Dowling & Fries, 1987</small> * ''[[Pantherophis]]'' <small>Fitzinger, 1843</small> * ''[[Pituophis]]'' <small>Holbrook, 1842</small> * ''[[Bogertophis]]'' <small>Dowling & Price, 1988</small> * ''[[Rhinocheilus]]'' <small>Baird & Girard, 1853</small> * ''[[Pseudelaphe]]'' <small>Mertens & Rosenberg, 1943</small> * ''[[Arizona (snake)|Arizona]]'' <small>Kennicott, 1859</small> * ''[[Cemophora]]'' <small>Cope, 1860</small> * ''[[Lampropeltis]]'' <small>Fitzinger, 1843</small> }}
'''Lampropeltini''' is a tribe of [[Colubridae|colubrid]] [[snake]] [[endemic]] to the [[New World]]. These include the [[kingsnake]]s, [[milk snake]], [[corn snake]], [[Pituophis|gopher snakes, pine snakes, and bullsnakes]]. At least 51 species have been recognized and the group have been heavily studied for biogeography, morphology, ecology, and phylogenetics.<ref name="pyronburbrink2009"/><ref name="dahnetal2018">{{cite journal | last1 = Dahn | first1 = H. A. | last2 = Strickland | first2 = J. L. | last3 = Osorio | first3 = A. | last4 = Colston | first4 = T. J. | last5 = Parkinson | first5 = C. L. | year = 2018 | title = Hidden diversity within the depauperate genera of the snake tribe Lampropeltini (Serpentes, Colubridae) | journal = Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution | volume = 129 | pages = 214–225 | doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2018.08.018 | pmid=30189319| doi-access = free | bibcode = 2018MolPE.129..214D }}</ref>
== Taxonomy == The internal relationships among the genera has been disputed, but generally the most supported placement of the genera are as follows: * The basal placement of ''[[Senticolis]]''<ref name="pyronburbrink2009"/><ref name=PyronSquamtes>{{cite journal| author1=Pyron | author2=Burbrink | author3=Wiens | year=2013 | title=A phylogeny and revised classification of Squamata, including 4161 species of lizards and snakes | journal=BMC Evolutionary Biology | volume=13 | issue=1 | page=93 | doi=10.1186/1471-2148-13-93 | pmc=3682911 | pmid=23627680 | doi-access=free | bibcode=2013BMCEE..13...93P }}</ref><ref name="Figueroa16">{{cite journal|last1=Figueroa|first1=A.|last2=McKelvy|first2=A. D.|last3=Grismer|first3=L. L.|last4=Bell|first4=C. D.|last5=Lailvaux|first5=S. P.|title=A species-level phylogeny of extant snakes with description of a new colubrid subfamily and genus|journal=PLOS ONE|date=2016|volume=11|issue=9|article-number=e0161070|pmc=5014348|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0161070|pmid=27603205|bibcode=2016PLoSO..1161070F|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="dahnetal2018"/> * The sister relationship between ''[[Pantherophis]]'' and ''[[Pituophis]]'',<ref name="pyronburbrink2009"/><ref name=PyronSquamtes/><ref name="dahnetal2018"/> with at least one study in 2016 suggesting the former genus is paraphyletic in respect to the latter<ref name="Figueroa16"/> * The sister relationship between ''[[Cemophora]]'' and ''[[Lampropeltis]]''<ref name="pyronburbrink2009"/><ref name=PyronSquamtes/><ref name="Figueroa16"/><ref name="dahnetal2018"/> * A clade consisting of genera of ''[[Rhinocheilus]]'', ''[[Pseudelaphe]]'', and ''[[Arizona (snake)|Arizona]]''<ref name="pyronburbrink2009"/><ref name=PyronSquamtes/><ref name="Figueroa16"/><ref name="dahnetal2018"/>
Pyron and Burbink (2009) phylogeny of the tribe using 31 species using 7 loci (1 [[Nuclear DNA|nDNA]] and 6 [[Mitochondrial DNA|mtDNA]]), as well as incorporating the fossil record:<ref name="pyronburbrink2009"/> {{clade| style=font-size:105%; line-height:105%; |label1=Lampropeltini |1={{Clade |1=''[[Senticolis]]'' |label1= |2={{Clade |label1= |1={{Clade |1=''[[Pituophis]]'' |2=''[[Pantherophis]]''}} |label2= |2={{Clade |label1= |1={{Clade |1=''[[Bogertophis]]'' |2=''[[Pseudelaphe]]''}} |label2= |2={{Clade |label1= |1={{Clade |1=''[[Rhinocheilus]]'' |2=''[[Arizona (snake)|Arizona]]''}} |label2= |2={{Clade |1=''[[Cemophora]]'' |2=''[[Lampropeltis]]''}}}}}}}}}}}}
Lampropeltini section from Pryon et al. (2013) in their large scale squamate phylogeny using 4,161 species on 12,896 base pairs from 12 loci (7 nDNA and 5 mtDNA):<ref name=PyronSquamtes/> {{clade| style=font-size:105%; line-height:105%; |label1=Lampropeltini |1={{Clade |1=''[[Senticolis]]'' |label1= |2={{Clade |label1= |1={{Clade |1=''[[Pituophis]]'' |2=''[[Pantherophis]]''}} |label2= |2={{Clade |1=''[[Bogertophis]]'' |2={{Clade |label1= |1={{Clade |1=''[[Rhinocheilus]]'' |2={{Clade |1=''[[Arizona (snake)|Arizona]]'' |2=''[[Pseudelaphe]]''}}}} |label2= |2={{Clade |1=''[[Cemophora]]'' |2=''[[Lampropeltis]]''}}}}}}}}}}}}
Lampropeltini section from Figueroa et al. (2016) in their large scale snake phylogeny using 1,745 species on 9,523 base pairs from 10 loci (5 nDNA and 5 mtDNA):<ref name="Figueroa16"/> {{clade| style=font-size:105%; line-height:105%; |label1=Lampropeltini |1={{Clade |1=''[[Senticolis]]'' |label1= |2={{Clade |label1= |1={{Clade |label1= |1={{Clade |1=''[[Rhinocheilus]]'' |2={{Clade |1=''[[Arizona (snake)|Arizona]]'' |2=''[[Pseudelaphe]]''}}}} |label2= |2={{Clade |1=''[[Pantherophis]]'' (=''Scotophis'') |2={{Clade |1=''[[Pantherophis]]'' ''sensu stricto'' |2=''[[Pituophis]]''}}}}}} |label2= |2={{Clade |1=''[[Bogertophis]]'' |2={{Clade |1=''[[Cemophora]]'' |2=''[[Lampropeltis]]''}}}}}}}}}}
Dahn et al. (2018) use 20 out of the 51 known species using 14 loci:<ref name="dahnetal2018"/> {{clade| style=font-size:105%; line-height:105%; |label1=Lampropeltini |1={{Clade |1=''[[Senticolis]]'' |label1= |2={{Clade |label1= |1={{Clade |1=''[[Pituophis]]'' |2=''[[Pantherophis]]''}} |label2= |2={{Clade |label1= |1={{Clade |1=''[[Bogertophis]]'' |2=''[[Pseudelaphe]]''}} |label2= |2={{Clade |label1= |1={{Clade |1=''[[Arizona (snake)|Arizona]]'' |2={{Clade |1=''[[Rhinocheilus]]'' |2={{Clade |1=''[[Cemophora]]'' |2=''[[Lampropeltis]]''}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}
== Description == {{Easy CSS image crop|Image=California King Snake imported from iNaturalist photo 127122646 on 5 December 2024.jpg|desired_width=250|caption=[[California kingsnake]] (''Lampropeltis californiae'') eating a [[gopher snake]] (''Pituophis catenifer'')|crop_top_perc=30}} Some species are among the longest species (''[[Pantherophis obsoletus]]'')<ref name=DNR>[http://www.dnr.state.mn.us/rsg/profile.html?action=elementDetail&selectedElement=ARADB13030 Species profile: Minnesota DNR]. Dnr.state.mn.us. Retrieved on 2012-12-19.</ref> and largest species (''[[Pituophis catenifer]]'')<ref>{{cite book|author=Roots, Clive|title=Hibernation|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|year=2006|isbn=978-0-313-33544-0|page=89|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WHQFuLZBIC0C&pg=PA89}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=https://ojs.lib.byu.edu/ojs/index.php/wnan/article/viewFile/1128/985 | archive-url=https://archive.today/20130820040418/https://ojs.lib.byu.edu/ojs/index.php/wnan/article/viewFile/1128/985 | archive-date=2013-08-20 |title = Western North American Naturalist}}</ref><ref>Ernst, Carl; Ernst, Evelyn (2003). ''Snakes of the United States and Canada''. Washington, District of Columbia: Smithsonian Books. {{ISBN|1588340198}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Sterner | first1 = RT | last2 = Petersen | first2 = BE | last3 = Shumake | first3 = SA | last4 = Gaddis | first4 = SE | last5 = Bourassa | first5 = JB | last6 = Felix | first6 = TA | last7 = Ames | first7 = AD | year = 2002 | title = Movements of a bullsnake (''Pituophis catenifer'') following predation of a radio-collared northern pocket gopher (''Thomomys talpoides'') | journal = Western North American Naturalist | volume = 62 | issue = 2| pages = 240–242 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Kaufman | first1 = GA | author-link2 = J. Whitfield Gibbons | last2 = Gibbons | first2 = JW | year = 1975 | title = Weight-Length Relationships in Thirteen Species of Snakes in the Southeastern United States | journal = Herpetologica | volume = 31 | issue = 1| pages = 31–37 }}</ref> in North America. A lot of species also have evolved to predate and consume other species of snakes, most notably among the species in the genus ''Lampropeltis''.<ref name="Conant1975">[[Roger Conant (herpetologist)|Conant, R.]] (1975). ''A Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern and Central North America, Second Edition''. Houghton Mifflin. Boston. 429 pp. <br />{{ISBN|0-395-19977-8}} (paperback). (Genus ''Lampropeltis'', p. 201.)</ref> All species kill their prey through constriction. Many species are in captivity such as kingsnakes and corn snakes.
==References== {{Reflist}}
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[[Category:Alethinophidia]]
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