{{short description|German/Dutch breed of domestic chicken}} {{about|the chicken breed|the breed of cattle|Lakenvelder cattle}} {{infobox poultry breed | name = Lakenvelder | image = Châtelais - La Petite Couère 063 (cropped).jpg | image_size = | alt = A cock bird with black feathers | image_caption = | status = GEH, Germany: III, endangered | altname = {{langx|de|{{noitalic|Lakenfelder}}}} | country = {{ubl|Netherlands|Germany}} | distribution = | standard = | use = eggs | apa = Continental{{r|apa}} | aba = | ee = | pcgb = rare soft feather: light{{r|pcgb}} | maleweight = up to 2.5 kg{{r|rote}} | femaleweight = up to 2 kg{{r|rote}} | skincolour = white | eggcolour = white to tinted | comb = single, five-pointed{{r|ekarius|page=58}} | note = | type = Chicken | latin = Gallus gallus domesticus }}
[[File:Tab44 Hühner (Geflügel-Album, Jean Bungartz, 1885).jpg|thumb|Lakenvelder pair (foreground) and Ramelslohers, plate from the ''Geflügel-Album'' of Jean Bungartz, 1885]] The '''Lakenvelder''' {{IPAc-en|ˈ|l|ɑː|k|ən|v|ɛ|l|d|ɚ|}} or '''Lakenfelder''' is a German/Dutch breed of domestic chicken from the Nordrhein-Westfalen area of Germany and neighbouring areas of the Netherlands. It was first recorded in 1727.{{r|roberts|p=159}}
== History ==
The origins of the Lakenvelder are not clear.{{r|geh2}} Two different histories are proposed: it may have originated in Holland, where it is documented from 1727, and its name may derive from that of the village of Lakerveld, in the municipality of Zederik in South Holland.{{r|ruud}} An alternative history is that it originated in Germany in the area of Dielingen in Nordrhein-Westfalen, not far from the Dümmer See, where chickens with a black neck and tail and a white body occurred as sports of the local Westfälischer Totleger breed; these black-and-white birds were selectively bred by several breeders, and were first shown in 1835 by one named Wirz, from {{ill|Haldem|de}} in Stemwede.{{r|ruud|geh}} They came to be known as Lakenvelder, and enjoyed considerable popularity until the arrival in the later nineteenth century of more productive imported breeds such as the Leghorn, after which numbers declined rapidly.{{r|ruud}}
In Germany, a breeders' association, the {{lang|de|Vereinigung der Lakenfelder Züchter|italic=no}}, was formed in Hanover in 1907.{{r|geh}}
The Lakenvelder was first imported into Britain in 1901, and was shown in Shrewsbury in 1902.{{r|roberts|p=159}} In the United States, it was admitted to the ''Standard of Perfection'' of the American Poultry Association in 1939.{{r|ekarius|page=57|apa}}
The Lakenvelder is distributed in Germany and Holland, and is also present in Australia, Ireland, the United Kingdom and the United States.{{r|dad2}} Its international conservation status was not listed as being at risk by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations in 2007,{{r|barb|page=152}} and in 2024 was listed in DAD-IS as "not at risk". In Germany it was listed in 2018 in category III, {{lang|de|gefährdet}} ('extremely endangered') on the Rote Liste of the Gesellschaft zur Erhaltung alter und gefährdeter Haustierrassen;{{r|geh3}} by 2024 it had been moved to category IV, {{lang|de|Beobachtung}} ('watch') on that list, and was listed in DAD-IS as "at risk/vulnerable".{{r|geh4|dad3}} In Holland its status in 2024 was "at risk/endangered", with a breeding population of 402 hens and 80 cocks.{{r|dad|dad2}}
== Characteristics ==
The head, neck hackle and tail of the Lakenvelder are solid black, without spots, ticks or stripes; the inner web of the wing primaries and secondaries is black. The rest of the bird is white with a pale blue-grey under-colour. The black-and-white pattern is reminiscent of the colouring of the Lakenvelder breed of cattle, which originated in the same area.{{r|roberts|p=159}}
The eyes are bright chestnut or red, the beak dark horn, and the face, wattles and comb bright red, with white earlobes. The legs are slate-blue.{{r|roberts|p=159}}
== Use ==
The Lakenvelder lays up to 160 white eggs, weighing up to 50 g each, per year.{{r|rote}}
<gallery mode=packed heights=180px style="text-align:left; font-size: 93%"> File:Lakenfelder (cropped).jpg|At a show in Leipzig File:Lakenfelder Hahn (39875425572).jpg|Cock, close-up of the head File:Silverlakenvelderchick.jpg|Three-day-old chick </gallery> == References == {{commonscat}} {{reflist|45em|refs=
<ref name=apa>[https://web.archive.org/web/20171104135004/http://www.amerpoultryassn.com/PDF%20Forms/APA%20Recognized%20Breeds%20and%20Varieties%20Sept2012.pdf APA Recognized Breeds and Varieties: As of January 1, 2012]. American Poultry Association. Archived 4 November 2017.</ref>
<ref name=barb>Barbara Rischkowsky, Dafydd Pilling (editors) (2007). [https://web.archive.org/web/20200623201209/http://www.fao.org/3/a1250e/annexes/List%20of%20breeds%20documented%20in%20the%20Global%20Databank%20for%20Animal%20Genetic%20Resources/List_breeds.pdf List of breeds documented in the Global Databank for Animal Genetic Resources], annex to [https://web.archive.org/web/20170110125634/http://www.fao.org/3/a-a1250e.pdf ''The State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture'']. Rome: Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. {{isbn|9789251057629}}. Archived 23 June 2020.</ref>
<ref name=dad>[https://dadis-breed-datasheet-ws.firebaseapp.com/?country=NLD&specie=Chicken&breed=Lakenvelder%20hoen&external=1&lang=en Breed data sheet: Lakenvelder hoen / Netherlands (Kingdom of the) (Chicken)]. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed December 2024.</ref>
<ref name=dad2>[https://dadis-transboundary-breed-ws.web.app/?species=Chicken&transboundary=Lakenvelder&external=1&lang=en Transboundary breed: Lakenvelder]. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed December 2024.</ref>
<ref name=dad3>[https://dadis-breed-datasheet-ws.firebaseapp.com/?country=DEU&specie=Chicken&breed=Lakenfelder&lang=en Breed data sheet: Lakenfelder / Germany (Chicken)]. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed December 2024.</ref>
<ref name=ekarius>Carol Ekarius (2007). [https://archive.org/details/Storeys_Illustrated_Guide_to_Poultry_Breeds_Complete/mode/1up ''Storey's Illustrated Guide to Poultry Breeds'']. North Adams, Massachusetts: Storey Publishing. {{isbn|9781580176675}}. {{nobreak|p. 57–58}}.</ref>
<ref name=geh>[https://web.archive.org/web/20170308155956/http://www.g-e-h.de/rassebeschreibungen/55-gefluegelhuhn/152-lakenfelder-huhn Lakenfelder] (in German). Gesellschaft zur Erhaltung alter und gefährdeter Haustierrassen. Archived 8 March 2017.</ref>
<ref name=geh2>[https://web.archive.org/web/20010417012856/http://www.genres.de:80/tgr/geh-raku/geflueg/gefllaken.htm Lakenfelder] (in German). Gesellschaft zur Erhaltung alter und gefährdeter Haustierrassen. Archived 17 April 2001.</ref>
<ref name=geh3>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180921034645/https://www.g-e-h.de/die-geh1/rote-liste2 Liste alter einheimischer Geflügelrassen in Deutschland] (in German). Gesellschaft zur Erhaltung alter und gefährdeter Haustierrassen. Archived 21 September 2018.</ref>
<ref name=geh4>[https://web.archive.org/web/20241214011748/https://www.g-e-h.de/rote-liste-menu/rote-liste2 Liste alter einheimischer Geflügelrassen in Deutschland] (in German). Gesellschaft zur Erhaltung alter und gefährdeter Haustierrassen. Archived 14 December 2024.</ref>
<ref name=pcgb>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180612143235/http://www.poultryclub.org/img/Breed%20Classification.pdf Breed Classification]. Poultry Club of Great Britain. Archived 12 June 2018.</ref>
<ref name=roberts>Victoria Roberts (2008). [https://books.google.it/books?id=nAfyUHY42u0C&hl=en ''British poultry standards: complete specifications and judging points of all standardized breeds and varieties of poultry as compiled by the specialist breed clubs and recognised by the Poultry Club of Great Britain'']. Oxford: Blackwell. {{isbn|9781405156424}}.</ref>
<ref name=rote>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140201164622/http://www.genres.de/fileadmin/SITE_GENRES/downloads/publikationen/rote_liste_web.pdf Rote Liste: Einheimische Nutztierrassen in Deutschland 2013] (in German). Bundesanstalt für Landwirtschaft und Ernährung. Archived 1 February 2014.</ref>
<ref name=ruud>Ruud Kreton (June 2007). [https://web.archive.org/web/20111218155303/https://www.aviculture-europe.nl/nummers/07e03a04.pdf Lakenvelder]. ''Aviculture Europe''. '''3''' (3): section 4. Archived 18 December 2011.</ref>
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{{Chicken breeds of Germany}} {{Chicken breeds of the Netherlands}}
Category:Conservation Priority Breeds of the Livestock Conservancy Category:Chicken breeds Category:Chicken breeds originating in Germany Category:Animal breeds on the GEH Red List
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