Giugliano in Campania

{{Infobox Italian comune | name = Giugliano in Campania | official_name = Comune di Giugliano in Campania | native_name = | image_skyline = Annunziata Giugliano.jpg | imagesize = | image_alt = | image_caption = Church of the Annunziata | image_shield = Giugliano in Campania-Stemma.svg | shield_alt = | image_map = Map of comune of Giugliano in Campania (Metropolitan City of Naples, region Campania, Italy).svg | map_alt = | map_caption = | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | coordinates = {{coord|40|56|N|14|12|E|region:IT-NA_type:city(100000)|display=inline,title}} | coordinates_footnotes = | region = [[Campania]] | metropolitan_city = [[Metropolitan City of Naples|Naples]] (NA) | frazioni = Lago Patria, Varcaturo, Licola | mayor_party = | mayor = Carmine Valente | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 94.62 | population_footnotes =<ref name="population">{{cite web|title=Monthly Demographic Balance|url=https://demo.istat.it/app/?l=en&a=&i=D7B|publisher=[[Italian National Institute of Statistics|ISTAT]]}}</ref> | population_total = 124633 | population_as_of = 2025 | population_demonym = Giuglianesi | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | twin1 = | twin1_country = |istat=| saint = St. Iulianus | day = January 27 | postal_code = 80014 | area_code = 081 | website = {{official website|http://www.comune.giugliano.na.it}} | footnotes = }}

'''Giugliano in Campania''' ({{IPA|it|dʒuʎˈʎaːno iŋ kamˈpaːnja|lang}}), also known simply as '''Giugliano''', is a city and {{lang|it|[[comune]]}} (municipality) in the [[Metropolitan City of Naples]], [[Campania]], [[Italy]]. As of 2025, it has 124,633 inhabitants, making it the [[List of cities in Italy|most populated Italian city]] that is not a provincial capital.<ref name="population" />

==History== In 5th-4th century BCE the territory of Giugliano was settled by the [[Osci]], who founded, among the many cities, [[Atella]] and [[Liternum]], both of them flourished under the [[Ancient Rome|dominion of Rome]]. The area is that known as [[Terra di Lavoro]], which was the most fertile part of [[Campania felix]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Canale ViaggiArt - ANSA.it - Homepage|url=http://www.ansa.it/canale_viaggiart/|access-date=2022-01-17|website=ANSA.it|language=it}}</ref>

Near "[[Lago di Patria|Lake Patria]]", there was the ancient city of [[Liternum]]. In 194 BC it became a [[Roman colony]]. The town is mainly famous as the residence of the [[Scipio Africanus|elder Scipio Africanus]], who withdrew from Rome and died there.<ref>{{cite book |last=AA. |first=VV. |title=A new guide of Naples, its environs, Procida, Ischia and Capri |date=1826 |page=384 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=4R4TAAAAQAAJ}}</ref> His tomb and villa are described by [[Seneca the Younger]].<ref>Seneca, Epistulae Morales 86</ref><ref>Livy 48.52</ref> In 455, the town was pillaged and destroyed by [[Genseric]] and his [[Vandals]].<ref>{{cite book |last=AA. |first=VV. |title=A new guide of Naples, its environs, Procida, Ischia and Capri |date=1826 |page=386 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=4R4TAAAAQAAJ}}</ref> The surviving population migrated to the present historical center of Giugliano.

The city remained a small center until 1207, when Cuma was destroyed by the [[Naples|Neapolitans]]; some of the citizens from that town, including the clergy and the cathedral capitular, took shelter in Giugliano. The first documents mentioning a fief in Giugliano dates from 1270.

In 1495 [[Charles VIII of France]], having occupied the [[Kingdom of Naples]], gave the feud to Count [[Michel Riccio|Michele Riccio]], from whom it was taken away with the defeat of the French.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Castellammare di Stabia (STABIANA). F. Alvino, Viaggio da Napoli a Castellammare |url=http://www.stabiana.it/alvinocast.htm}}</ref>

Carbones in 1536 and then Carafas in 1542 sold their shares to Cosimo Pinelli, whose family administered Giugliano correctly for about a century. Cosimo, with his influence, obtained the concession of the jurisdiction which administratively freed the fief of Giugliano from Aversa's interference. In 1545 he had the ducal palace built there, at the time the center of power. In this period there was a notable boost to the economy and to the cultural and social growth of the Giugliano [[university]], leaving various artistic testimonies. In 1639 Galeazzo [[Pinelli]] sold the shares due to Cesare [[D'Aquino]]. The period of the lordship of the D'Aquinos created chaos and discontent among the population, who asked the viceroy for help for the abuses suffered.<ref>{{Cite book |url= |title=Giugliano: storia, tradizioni e immagini |publisher= |location=Napoli |page=45}}</ref> In 1647, [[Henry I, Duke of Guise]] descended into Italy with his army, with claims to the crown of Naples, and set up his camp in Giugliano with about 5,000 soldiers.<ref>{{Cite web |title=I Giuglianesi ed Enrico II di Guisa |url=http://www.historiaregni.it/i-giuglianesi-ed-enrico-ii-di-guisa/}}</ref>

During the seventeenth century the [[Mancini family]] was invested, probably for a short time, with the barony of Giugliano with Domenico Nicola II, former Marquis of Fusignano and Vice Grand Chancellor of the [[Kingdom of Naples]]. In 1691 the feud passed to Francesco Grillo who acquired the title of "Duke of Giugliano". With the death of Duke Domenico Grillo, without children, it was devolved to the Royal Court.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MahcKt-Xw98C |title=Dizionario geografico ragionato del Regno di Napoli, Tomo V |location=Napoli |page=96}} {{NoISBN}}</ref>

The Viceroy and Prince of Stigliano, [[Marcantonio Colonna]], bought it in 1778 and held it until the [[French Revolution]]. With the French decade of [[Joseph Bonaparte]], the subversive laws of feudalism were enacted decreeing the end of all feudal privileges in the Kingdom of Naples and the beginning of the municipal administration. Therefore the last to govern the Giuglianese feud was the [[Colonna family|Colonna]] dynasty, after which power passed into the hands of the citizens. Lords of the city were, in sequence, the Vulcano, Filomarino, [[House of Pignatelli|Pignatelli]], [[D'Aquino]], Pinelli and [[Colonna family|Colonna]].

After the [[unification of Italy]], in 1863, the specific ''"In Campania"'' <ref>Regio Decreto n° 1140 del 22 gennaio 1863</ref> was added to the name ''"Giugliano"'' to distinguish it from the homonyms then existing.

==Geography== It is located in a fertile coastal plain north-west of Naples, the so-called [[Agro giuglianese]], thus serving as a market for agricultural products to the city. The plain on which it sits was known in ancient Roman times as the Campania Felix, the only relief being Monte San Severino.

The altitude difference is between a few meters above [[sea level]] in the maritime area and 97 m above sea level in the historic centre. The coastal stretch, low and sandy, extends on the ''Domitian coast'' for over 3 km, from Varcaturo to [[Licola, Italy|Licola]]. Within the territory is Lago Patria, with the locality of the same name on its banks. The lake is not of volcanic origin, but residual behind the dunes, i.e. generated by the closure of sand dunes towards the sea.<ref>Adriana Giarrizzo, Risultati di alcune ricerche sul Lago di Patria, in "Bollettino Soc. Geografica Italiana", 1952, pp.136-144</ref><ref>Domenico Ruocco, Campania, Coll. "Le Regioni d'Italia", Torino, UTET, 1976, pp. 146-149</ref>

===Neighboring communes=== Giugliano in Campania borders the following municipalities: [[Aversa]], [[Casapesenna]], [[Castel Volturno]], [[Lusciano]], [[Melito di Napoli]], [[Mugnano di Napoli]], [[Parete]], [[Pozzuoli]], [[Qualiano]], [[Quarto]], [[San Cipriano d'Aversa]], [[Sant'Antimo]], [[Trentola Ducenta]], [[Villa Literno]] and [[Villaricca]].<ref>{{OSM|r|40849|Giugliano}}</ref>

== Demographics == {{Historical populations|1861|10749|1871|11306|1881|11636|1901|13561|1911|14761|1921|16340|1931|20638|1936|21474|1951|26310|1961|30429|1971|35757|1981|44220|1991|60096|2001|97999|2011|108793|2021|123758|footnote=Source: [[National Institute of Statistics (Italy)|ISTAT]]|cols=2|align=none}}

== Education == The municipal library is located in via Giuseppe Verdi.<ref>{{cite web|title=Dettaglio Biblioteca|url=http://anagrafe.iccu.sbn.it/opencms/opencms/ricerche/dettaglio.html?monocampo=&regione=CAMPANIA&provincia=NAPOLI&comune=Giugliano%20in%20Campania&codice_isil=&ricerca_tipo=home&monocampo:tipo=AND&start=0}}</ref>

There are several high schools active in Guigliano, including the scientific and linguistic high school; Commercial and hotel institute; Industrial Technical Institute; classical high school; and the Institute for Industry and Crafts. Since 1931, the Marist Brothers religious institute has been present in the city, operating primary and secondary schools.

== Media == The city is home to the studios of the television broadcaster Tele Club Italia, active in documenting news, sports and politics in the northern area of Naples.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=31 December 2010|title=Sito Tele Club Italia|url=http://www.teleclubitalia.it/}}</ref>

The city of Giugliano is mentioned several times in the episodes of the [[Gomorrah (TV series)|Gomorrah]] TV series,<ref>{{cite web|title=In Gomorra Giugliano diventa come Casal di Principe. I commissari citino la serie tv per danni|url=https://www.ilmeridianonews.it/2014/05/in-gomorra-giugliano-diventa-come-casal-di-principe-i-commissari-citino-la-serie-tv-per-danni/}}</ref> when the Savastano Clan decides to intervene in the municipal elections.

== Cuisine == On the occasion of the patronal feast, January 27, it is customary to cook meatballs with sauce called ''palle di san Giuliano'' (Italian for balls of San Giuliano).<ref>{{cite web|title=Oggi si festeggia San Giuliano, dedicato quest’anno ai martiri della fede. Uffici e scuole chiuse. Il mistero delle polpette.|url=http://www.teleclubitalia.it/oggi-si-festeggia-san-giuliano-dedicato-questanno-ai-martiri-della-fede-uffici-e-scuole-chiuse-il-mistero-delle-polpette/1211875/}}</ref>

==Main sights== *''Palazzo Pinelli'' or ''Palumbo'', built in 1545 by architect Giovanni Francesco di Palma. It had a side tower, which was later demolished. *Church of ''Santa Sofia'' (17th century), designed by [[Domenico Fontana]]. It was finished in 1730-1745 by the Neapolitan architect [[Domenico Antonio Vaccaro]]. It houses the tomb of [[Giovan Battista Basile]]. *Church of the ''Annunziata'', known from the 16th century. It is home to several canvasses by Neapolitan artists such as [[Massimo Stanzione]] and [[Carlo Sellitto]]. it has a nave with [[apse]] and [[transept]]; the [[pulpit]] is in Roccoco style, while the rest of the interior is decorated in Baroque style. Notable are also the large wooden organ (late 16th century), the Chapel of ''Madonna della Pace'' and early 16th ''Stories of the Virgin'' in the left transept. *Church of ''Sant'Anna''. Of the original building, existing in the 14th century, the bell tower remains. It houses 16th-century paintings by [[Fabrizio Santafede]] and [[Pietro Negroni]]. *Church of ''Madonna delle Grazie'', with a 14th-century bell tower and a 16th-century portal. The interior has a 15th-century Gothic ''Incoronation of the Virgin'' and early 16th-century frescoes. *Church of ''Santa Maria della Purità'' or of ''the Souls of Purgatory'' (18th century). It was designed by [[Domenico Antonio Vaccaro]], who also designed the internal stuccos and the covering of the dome, made as fish scales. The structure is an octagonal plant and has four altars, besides the greater one. *Ancient town of ''[[Liternum]]''. The excavations brought to light, between 1930 and 1936, some elements of the city center ([[Forum (Roman)|forum]] with a temple, a basilica and a small theater) dating from the beginning of the Roman Empire. Outside the city walls, the remains of the [[amphitheater]] and the [[necropolis]] have been identified. *[[Lake Patria]], in the [[frazione]] of the same name, it was called by ancient Roman "Literna Palus". It is part of the Natural Reserve "Foce Volurno - Costa di Licola".

==Transportation== Giugliano is served by the [[Line 11 (Naples Metro)|Line 11]] of the [[Naples Metro]]. A railway station, Giugliano-[[Qualiano]], is located some kilometers outside the city. It is part of the [[Passante Ferroviario di Napoli]], a branch of the [[Rome–Formia–Naples railway]].

== Archaeology == In 2023, archaeologists uncovered a well-preserved, unsealed 2000-year-old tomb with [[fresco]]es in Giugliano in Campania. It dates back to the Roman [[Roman Republic|Republican]] and [[Roman Empire|Imperial]] eras. One notable fresco portrays [[Cerberus]] earning the tomb the designation "Tomb of Cerberus". The scene corresponds to the final of [[Heracles]]' [[Labours of Hercules|twelve labors]], during which he successfully captures Cerberus.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Milligan |first=Mark |date=2023-10-09 |title=Sealed "Tomb of Cerberus" discovered in Giugliano |url=https://www.heritagedaily.com/2023/10/sealed-tomb-of-cerberus-discovered-in-giugliano/148819 |access-date=2024-01-21 |website=HeritageDaily - Archaeology News |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-11 |title=Italia, scoperta "Tomba di Cerbero" con affreschi di 2.000 anni fa |url=https://it.euronews.com/cultura/2023/10/11/scoperta-in-italia-una-tomba-di-cerbero-di-2000-anni-fa-con-affreschi-mozzafiato |access-date=2024-01-21 |website=euronews |language=it}}</ref>

==People== * [[Giovan Battista Basile]], poet, courtier and fairy tale collector * [[Scipio Africanus]], Roman general * [[Adriana Basile]], composer and singer * [[Raffaele Cantone]], magistrate * [[Nicola Mignogna]], politician and a significant contributor of ''[[Unification of Italy|Risorgimento]]''

==See also== {{Portal|Italy|European Union|Cities}} * [[S.S.C. Giugliano]] * [[Liternum]] * [[Licola (Pozzuoli)|Licola]]

==References== {{Reflist}}

=== Bibliography === {{Refbegin}} *{{Cite book |last1=Basile |first1=Agostino |title=Memorie istoriche della terra di Giugliano |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ID0-PQAACAAJ |language=It |date=1800 |location= Naples}} {{Refend}}

==External links== {{commons category|Giugliano in Campania}} *{{in lang|it}} [http://www.comune.giugliano.na.it/ Giugliano official website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110512171453/http://www.comune.giugliano.na.it/ |date=2011-05-12 }}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Giugliano In Campania}} [[Category:Giugliano in Campania| ]] [[Category:Cities and towns in Campania]] [[Category:421 BC]] [[Category:Populated places established in the 5th century BC]] [[Category:Osci]] [[Category:Archaeological sites in Campania]]