{{Short description|Species of snake}} {{Speciesbox | image = Lachesis stenophrys (3).jpg | genus = Lachesis | status = NT | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = <ref name=IUCN>{{cite iucn |author=[[species:Víctor J. Acosta-Chaves|Acosta Chaves, V.]]; [[species:Abel Batista|Batista, A.]]; García Rodríguez, A.; Vargas Álvarez, J.; Dwyer, Q. |year=2021 |title=''Lachesis stenophrys''|volume=2021 |article-number=e.T203669A2769592|access-date=3 February 2022}}</ref> | species = stenophrys | authority = [[Edward Drinker Cope|Cope]], 1876 | synonyms = *''Lachesis stenophrys'' <br />{{small|Cope, 1876}} *''Lachesis muta stenophrys'' <br />{{small|— [[Edward Harrison Taylor|Taylor]], 1951}} *''Lachesis stenophrys'' <br />{{small|— [[species:Kelly Raquel Zamudio|Zamudio]] & [[species:Harry W. Greene|Greene]], 1997}} | synonyms_ref = <ref name="McD99">[[species:Roy Wallace McDiarmid|McDiarmid RW]], [[Jonathan A. Campbell|Campbell JA]], [[species:T'Shaka A. Touré|Touré TA]] (1999). ''Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, vol. 1.'' Washington, District of Columbia: Herpetologists' League. 511 pp. {{ISBN|1-893777-00-6}} (series). {{ISBN|1-893777-01-4}} (volume).</ref><ref name=RDB/> }}

'''''Lachesis stenophrys''''', [[Common name|commonly]] called the '''Central American bushmaster''',<ref name="Meh87">[[species:John M. Mehrtens|Mehrtens JM]] (1987). ''Living Snakes of the World in Color''. New York: Sterling Publishers. 480 pp. {{ISBN|0-8069-6460-X}}.</ref> is a [[species]] of [[Crotalinae|pit viper]] in the [[Family (taxonomy)|family]] [[Viperidae]]. The species is native to [[Central America]].<ref name=RDB>{{NRDB species|genus=Lachesis |species=stenophrys |accessdate=5 September 2015}}</ref>

==Etymology and taxonomy== The [[Specific name (zoology)|specific name]], ''stenophrys'', is derived from the [[Greek language|Greek]] words ''stenos'', meaning "narrow", and ''ophrys'', meaning "brow" or "eyebrow".<ref name="C&L04">Campbell JA, [[species:William W. Lamar|Lamar WW]] (2004). ''The Venomous Reptiles of the Western Hemisphere''. 2 volumes. Ithaca and London: Comstock Publishing Associates. 870 pp., 1,500 plates. {{ISBN|0-8014-4141-2}}.</ref> There are no [[subspecies]] that are recognized as being valid.<ref name="RDB" /><ref name="ITIS">{{ITIS |id=634897 |taxon=''Lachesis stenophrys'' |accessdate=4 August 2008}}</ref> [[Jonathan A. Campbell|Campbell]] and [[species:William W. Lamar|Lamar]] (2004) also recognized ''[[Lachesis acrochorda]]'' ([[species:Evaristo García|García]], 1896) as a valid species,<ref name="C&L04" /> which [[species:Roy Wallace McDiarmid|McDiarmid]] et al. (1999) had treated as a synonym of ''L. stenophrys.''<ref name="McD99" /> The Reptile Database follows the position of Campbell and Lamar.<ref name="RDB" />

==Description== Adults of ''L. stenophrys'' commonly grow to more than 200&nbsp;cm (6 feet 6¾ inches) and may exceed 330&nbsp;cm (10 feet 10 inches) in total length (including tail). [[Raymond Ditmars|Ditmars]] (1910) reported a specimen from [[Costa Rica]] that was 11 feet 4 inches (349&nbsp;cm). Many accounts exist of much larger specimens, but these are poorly documented. [[species:Alejandro Solórzano|Solórzano]] (2004) cites historical records that put the maximum length at 360&nbsp;cm (11 feet 9¾ inches).

It has a broadly rounded head and a snout that is not elevated. Typically, the species has a pronounced middorsal ridge that is most distinct on the last quarter of the body.<ref name="C&L04"/>

The color pattern is darker than that of ''[[Lachesis muta|L. muta]]''.<ref name="Meh87"/>

==Geographic range== ''L. stenophrys'' is found in Central America in the Atlantic lowlands of southern [[Nicaragua]], [[Costa Rica]] and [[Panama]], as well as the Pacific lowlands of central and eastern Panama. The [[Type locality (biology)|type locality]] given is "Sipurio" ([[Limón Province]], Costa Rica).<ref name="McD99"/>

==Habitat== ''L. stenophrys'' occurs in [[tropical rainforest]] and lower montane wet forest where annual precipitation averages 2,000-4,000&nbsp;mm (79–157 inches), which is heavy to extremely heavy rainfall. In the drier areas of Nicaragua, it can be found in [[gallery forest]]s as well as forests that are seasonally dry, but then never far from sources of water. This species is hardly ever encountered outside of [[old growth forest]].<ref name="C&L04"/> It is found at altitudes from sea level to {{cvt|1,100|m|ft}}.<ref name=IUCN/>

==Behavior== ''L. stenophrys'' is [[Terrestrial locomotion|terrestrial]] and [[Nocturnality|nocturnal]].<ref name=IUCN/>

==Diet== ''L. stenophrys'' [[Predation|preys]] predominately upon [[Echimyidae|spiny rats]] and other small [[rodent]]s.<ref name=IUCN/>

==Reproduction== ''L. stenophrys'' is [[Oviparity|oviparous]].<ref name="RDB" />

==References== {{Reflist|2}}

==Further reading== {{Commons category|Lachesis stenophrys}} * [[Edward Drinker Cope|Cope ED]] (1876). "On the Batrachia and Reptilia of Costa Rica. With Notes on the Herpetology and Ichthyology of Nicaragua and Peru". ''Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia'' ["1875"] Series 2, '''8''': 93-183. (''Lachesis stenophrys'', new species, p.&nbsp;152). *Coralles, Greivin; Meidinger, Robert; Rodríguez, Santos; Chacón, Danilo; Gómez, Aarón (2014). "Reproduction in captivity of the Central American bushmaster (''Lachesis stenophrys'', Serpentes: Viperidae), in Costa Rica". ''Cuadernos de Herpetología'' '''28''' (2): 137–139. *Kane, Daniel; [[species:Benjamin Tapley|Tapley, Benjamin]]; Guthrie, Amanda; Sparrow, Sophie; Tahas, Stamatios A.; [[species:Christopher J. Michaels|Michaels, Christopher J.]] (2022). "Herpetoculture Notes: A novel approach to sexing ''Lachesis stenophrys'' (Serpentes: Viperidae) using radiography". ''Herpetological Review'' '''53''' (1): 54–57. *[[species:Kelly Raquel Zamudio|Zamudio KR]], [[species:Harry W. Greene|Greene HW]] (1997). "Phylogeography of the bushmaster (''Lachesis muta'': Viperidae): implications for neotropical biogeography, systematics, and conservation". ''Biological Journal of the Linnean Society'' '''62''' (3): 421–442.

{{Taxonbar|from=Q2709368}}

[[Category:Lachesis (genus)|stenophrys]] [[Category:Snakes of Central America]] [[Category:Reptiles of Costa Rica]] [[Category:Reptiles of Nicaragua]] [[Category:Reptiles of Panama]] [[Category:Reptiles described in 1875]] [[Category:Taxa named by Edward Drinker Cope]]