Lachana

{{Short description|Genus of moths}} {{Automatic taxobox | image = | image_caption = | status = | status_system = | taxon = Lachana | authority = Moore, 1888 }} '''''Lachana''''' is a genus of moths in the subfamily Lymantriinae. The genus was described by Frederic Moore in 1888.<ref name=Pitkin2004>{{cite web |last1=Pitkin |first1=Brian |last2=Jenkins |first2=Paul |name-list-style=amp |url=https://www.nhm.ac.uk/our-science/data/butmoth/search/GenusDetails.dsml?NUMBER=15288 |title=''Lachana'' |date=5 November 2004 |website=Butterflies and Moths of the World |publisher=Natural History Museum, London}}</ref> It contains species native to alpine areas on high mountains in the south of the Central Asia. The females do not have wings and lay their eggs within their own old cocoons.<ref name=Spitzer1984>{{cite journal |last=Spitzer |first=Karel |date=30 June 1984 |title=Notes on taxonomy and distribution of the genus ''Gynaephora'' Hübner, 1819 (Lymantriidae) |url=https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Nota-lepidopterologica_7_0180-0183.pdf |journal=Nota Lepidopterologica |volume=7 |issue=2 |pages=180–183 |issn=0342-7536 |access-date=28 November 2019 |archive-date=15 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220615191356/https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Nota-lepidopterologica_7_0180-0183.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Taxonomy== This genus, described by Frederic Moore in 1888, was monotypic for over a century, with ''L. ladakensis'' as the only species, and thought to be endemic to Ladakh in the Himalayas of India.<ref name=Trofimova2008>{{cite journal |last=Trofimova |first=Tatyana A. |date=January 2008 |title=Systematic notes on ''Dasorgyia'' Staudinger, 1881, ''Dicallomera'' Butler, 1881, and ''Lachana'' Moore, 1888 (Lymantriidae) |url=http://www.soceurlep.eu/uploads/nota/bd31_2/09_Trofimova.pdf |journal=Nota Lepidopterologica |volume=31 |issue=2 |pages=273–291 |issn=0342-7536 |access-date=26 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120423063917/http://www.soceurlep.eu/tl_files/nota/bd31_2/09_Trofimova.pdf |archive-date=23 April 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 1984 Karel Spitzer considered that all of the species except ''L. ladakensis'' belonged within the genus ''Gynaephora'' in the subgenus ''Dasyorgyia'',<ref name=Spitzer1984/> a move he had made provisionally in 1981 already.<ref name=ČernýSpitzer1981>{{cite journal |last1=Černý |first1=Karel |author-link=species:Karel Černý |last2=Spitzer |first2=Karel |date=1981 |title=''Gynaephora'' (''Dasorgyia'') ''selenophora'' Stgr. in den Hochgebirgen Zentralasiens (UdSSR) wiedergefunden (Lep., Lymantriidae) |journal=Entomologische Berichte (Berlin) |volume=1881 |issue=1 |pages=41–44 |language=de }}</ref> The subgenus ''Dasyorgyia'' had as type species ''Gynaephora pumila'', when this taxon was moved by Tatyana A. Trofimova to ''Dicallomera pumila'' in 2008, she was also obliged to move ''Lachana alpherakii'', ''L. selenophora'' and ''L. sincera'' to ''Lachana'' from the subgenus ''Dasyorgyia''. She furthermore described a new species from India, ''Lachana kulu''.<ref name=Trofimova2008/>

''L. ladakensis'' is the type species.<ref name=Pitkin2004/>

==Species== *''Lachana alpherakii'' (Grum-Grshimailo, 1891) - Tibet-Qinghai Plateau, Gansu<ref name=Trofimova2008/><ref name=Lukhtanov2015>{{cite journal |last1=Lukhtanov |first1=Vladimir A. |last2=Khruleva |first2=Olga |date=2015 |title=Taxonomic Position and Status of Arctic ''Gynaephora'' and ''Dicallomera'' Moths (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Lymantriinae) |url=http://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/80b0/50ca92dde658dec0262a333335f21a636cfd.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190227202748/http://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/80b0/50ca92dde658dec0262a333335f21a636cfd.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=2019-02-27 |journal=Folia Biologica (Kraków) |volume=63 |issue=4 |pages=257–261 |doi=10.3409/fb63_4.257 |issn=1734-9168 |pmid=26975140 |s2cid=4837579 |access-date=22 November 2019}}</ref> *''Lachana kulu'' Trofimova, 2008 - Kullu Valley, India<ref name=Trofimova2008/> *''Lachana ladakensis'' Moore, 1888 - Ladakh, India<ref name=Trofimova2008/> *''Lachana selenophora'' (Staudinger, 1887) - from the Tian-shan and Pamiro-Alai mountains<ref name=Spitzer1984/> of Kyrgyzstan, also central Afghanistan.<ref name=Trofimova2008/> *''Lachana sincera'' (Kozhanchikov, 1950) - Wakhan Mountains in southern Gorno-Badakhshan, Tajikistan<ref name=Trofimova2008/>

The following species, all from the Tibetan Plateau, have been placed in ''Gynaephora''. A study of DNA markers of the species of that genus published in 2015 found them allied closer to the outgroup ''Lachana alpherakii'', and likely should be moved to ''Lachana''.<ref name=Lukhtanov2015/> *''Gynaephora aureata'' Chou & Ying, 1979 *''Gynaephora jiuzhiensis'' *''Gynaephora menyuanensis'' Yan & Chou, 1997 - from the Tibet-Qinghai Plateau, China.<ref name=Yan2006>{{cite journal |last1=Yan |first1=L. |last2=Wang |first2=G. |last3=Liu |first3=C. Z. |date=1 November 2006 |title=Number of Instars and Stadium Duration of ''Gynaephora menyuanensis'' (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) from Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau in China |url=https://academic.oup.com/aesa/article-abstract/99/6/1012/2759271?redirectedFrom=PDF |journal=Annals of the Entomological Society of America |volume=99 |issue=6 |pages=1012–1018 |doi=10.1603/0013-8746(2006)99[1012:NOIASD]2.0.CO;2 |access-date=22 November 2019|doi-access=free |url-access=subscription }}</ref> *''Gynaephora minora'' Chou & Ying, 1979 *''Gynaephora qinghaiensis'' Chou & Ying, 1979 - A possible synonym or subspecies of ''L. alpherakii'' according to Spitzer (1984)<ref name=Spitzer1984/> and Trofimova (2008).<ref name=Trofimova2008/> *''Gynaephora qumalaiensis'' *''Gynaephora ruoergensis'' Chou & Ying, 1979 - A synonym of ''L. selenophora'' according to Spitzer (1984).<ref name=Spitzer1984/>

==Description== The males of this genus have a thick aedeagus.<ref name=Spitzer1984/> They have an arcuate and slender juxta, and squarish-shaped and relatively short valva.<ref name=Trofimova2008/>

The females of this genus, of the only two species in which they have been seen, lack wings and are flightless.<ref name=Spitzer1984/><ref name=Trofimova2008/>

''Lachana'' differs from ''Gynaephora'' by the species being smaller, in details of the male genitalia described above, and with slight differences in positioning of the veins M1, M2 and M3 in the forewings, and M3 in the hindwings. The hindwings are extremely similar to those of ''Dicallomera''.<ref name=Trofimova2008/>

==Distribution and habitat== All of the species are native to alpine regions on high mountain ranges in Central Asia.<ref name=Spitzer1984/><ref name=Trofimova2008/>

==Ecology== According to Spitzer the larvae are oligophagous, feeding only on Poaceae (grasses), in those of which the host plants are known.<ref name=Spitzer1984/> However, caterpillars of ''L. alpherakii'' were found to feed on the shrub ''Elaeagnus angustifolia''.<ref name=Trofimova2008/> With all of the species of which the egg-laying behaviour is known, the females lay their eggs within their own old cocoons. The larvae are mimics of ''Micrarctia'' caterpillars.<ref name=Spitzer1984/> ''L. alpherakii'' is the host species of the parasitoid eulophid wasp ''Sympiesis qinghaiensis''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nhm.ac.uk/our-science/data/chalcidoids/database/detail.dsml?VALSPECIES=qinghaiensis&VALDATE=1987&FamilyCode=HE&HOMCODE=0&ValidAuthBracket=false&VALGENUS=Sympiesis&TAXONCODE=Sympie+qinhaL&VALAUTHOR=Liao+&searchPageURL |title=''Sympiesis qinghaiensis'' Liao, 1987 |last=Pitkin |first=B. R. |date=19 August 2003 |website=Universal Chalcidoidea Database |publisher=Department of Entomology, The Natural History Museum |access-date=28 November 2019}}</ref>

==References== {{Reflist}}

Category:Lymantriinae

Lachana

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