LRTA 1200 class

{{short description|3rd-generation rolling stock operating at LRT-1}} {{expand Japanese|date=May 2020|topic=transport}} {{Use Philippine English|date=June 2024}} {{Use mdy dates|date=June 2021}} {{Infobox train | background = #EFFFE6 | name = LRTA 1200 class | image = 3G set 5 approaches Monumento.jpg | caption = A 1200 class train near Monumento station in July 2025 | interiorimage = Balintawak LRT-1 1200 class LRV 1242 (2) interior 2022-02-25.jpg | interiorcaption = Train interior in February 2022 | stocktype = Light rail vehicle | service = 2006–present | manufacturer = Kinki Sharyo and Nippon Sharyo | assembly = Osaka (Kinki Sharyo) and Toyokawa, Aichi (Nippon Sharyo), Japan | family = | replaced = | yearconstruction = 2005–2006 | yearservice = {{start date and age|2006|12|11}} | refurbishment = | yearretired = | yearscrapped = | numberconstruction = | numberbuilt = 48 vehicles (12 sets) | numberservice = 44 vehicles (11 sets) | numberretired = | numberpreserved = | numberscrapped = | successor = | formation = 4 cars per trainset (Mc–M–M–Mc) | fleetnumbers = 1201–1248 | capacity = 1,388 per train (272 seats) | operator = LRTA (2007–2015) LRMC (2015–present) | depots = Baclaran | lines = {{rint|manila|1}} Line 1 | carbody = Stainless steel | trainlength = {{Convert|105.7|m|ftin|abbr=on|frac=64}} | carlength = {{plainlist| * {{Convert|26.35|m|ftin|abbr=on|frac=32}} (Mc) * {{convert|26.5|m|ftin|abbr=on|frac=16}} (M) }} | width = {{convert|2.59|m|ftin|abbr=on|frac=32}} | height = {{convert|3.91|m|ftin|abbr=on|frac=16}} | floorheight = {{convert|0.92|m|ftin|abbr=on|frac=32}} | platformheight = {{convert|0.69|m|ftin|abbr=on|frac=64}} | doors = Double-leaf pocket-type; 4 per side {{small|{{cvt|1.5|x|1.9|m|in}}}} | art-sections = 2 | wheeldiameter = {{convert|660|-|600|mm|in|0|abbr=on}} (new–worn) | wheelbase = {{Convert|1.9|m|in|abbr=on|frac=16}} | maxspeed = {{convert|60|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} | weight = {{convert|37.4|t|lbs|abbr=on}} (Mc) {{convert|36.5|t|lbs|abbr=on}} (M) | axleload = {{convert|10.3|t|lbs|abbr=on}} | gradient = 4% | traction = Mitsubishi Electric MAP-112-A55VD171 IGBT–VVVF inverter | traction motors = 4 × {{cvt|105|kW|hp}} 3-phase AC induction | poweroutput = {{ubl|{{convert|420|kW|hp|abbr=on|0}} per LRV|{{convert|1.68|MW|hp|abbr=on|0}} (4 cars)}} | transmission = Two-stage reduction drive | acceleration = {{cvt|1.1|m/s2|mph/s|2}} | deceleration = {{cvt|1.3|m/s2|mph/s|2}} | aux = 440 V AC IGBT static inverter 110 V DC batteries | powersupply =   | hvac = Roof-mounted duct-type air conditioning | electricsystem = {{750 V DC}} overhead catenary | collectionmethod = Single-arm pantograph | uicclass = Bo′+2′+Bo′  | bogies = Inside-frame type | minimum curve = {{cvt|25|m|ftin}} | brakes = Knorr-Bremse{{sfn|Knorr-Bremse 2011|p=11}} regenerative and electro-pneumatic | safety = Siemens fixed block ATP/ATS (2007–2022) Alstom Atlas 100 ETCS-1 with subsystem of ATP (2022–present) | coupling = Semi-permanent | gauge = {{track gauge|standard|allk=on}} | notes = Sourced from <ref name="LRTA DATA">{{cite report |author=Department of Transportation and Communications |author2=Light Rail Transit Authority |authorlink=Department of Transportation (Philippines) |authorlink2=Light Rail Transit Authority |url=https://ppp.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/LRT1_CavExt_PIM_04Jun2012.pdf |title=MANILA LRT1 EXTENSION, OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE PROJECT |date=June 4, 2012 |website=Public-Private Partnership Center|accessdate=9 April 2018}}</ref><ref name="Manufacturer">{{cite web|title=LRTA LRV|url=http://www.kinkisharyo.co.jp/eng/e_products/sh/e_manila.htm|website=Kinki Sharyo|accessdate=9 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717034657/http://www.kinkisharyo.co.jp/eng/e_products/sh/e_manila.htm|archive-date=July 17, 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>{{sfn|Kinki Sharyo|2006}}{{sfn|Nippon Sharyo|2007}}{{sfn|JICA|2013b|p=B-3}}{{Sfn|DOTC|LRTA|2012|p=61}}{{Sfn|JICA|2013a|p=12-87}} unless otherwise noted. }}

The '''LRTA 1200 class''' is the third-generation class of high-floor light rail vehicles (LRV) of the LRT Line 1, built by Kinki Sharyo and Nippon Sharyo. Purchased as part of the second phase of the capacity expansion of the line, the trains entered service in December 2006.<ref name="pressrelease-3G-2006">{{Cite press release|title=PGMA, Japan PM inaugurate 3G trains |url=http://www.lrta.gov.ph/press_release/press_release_061207_3GTrains.htm |publisher=Light Rail Transit Authority |date=7 December 2006 |access-date=April 21, 2022 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080708181740/http://www.lrta.gov.ph/press_release/press_release_061207_3GTrains.htm |archive-date=2008-07-08}}</ref>

== History == ===Background and purchase=== With the completion of the initial capacity expansion of the LRT Line 1, its capacity was raised by half with the introduction of seven four-car trains and the upgrading of the existing two-car trains to three cars in 1999. However, its capacity was expected to become insufficient once the railway network in Metro Manila was completed in 2004 with the full opening of the LRT Line 2.{{Sfn|JICA|2012|p=14}}

On April 7, 2000, the Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC) extended a {{Philippine peso|8.893 billion}} loan to finance the second phase of the capacity expansion project.<ref name="loanag">{{Cite news|title=RP urged to speed up LRT expansion |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2005/04/03/272528/rp-urged-speed-lrt-expansion |first=Sandy |last=Araneta |work=The Philippine Star |date=April 3, 2005 |access-date=June 26, 2024}}</ref> While existing rolling stock were refurbished, twelve more four-car trains were purchased, in conjunction with other upgrades in signaling, telecommunications, and existing railway tracks as well as upgrades at stations and the depot.{{Sfn|JICA|2012|p=24}}

Two firms bidded for the project: Kanematsu and Kawasaki Steel Corporation, and the joint venture of Sumitomo Corporation and Itochu. Marubeni was disqualified from the bidding but questioned the technicalities of the bidding procedure. However, delays were encountered in the bidding process, with senator Francisco Tatad claiming on March 21, 2004, that "unconfirmed reports" reaching him disclosed that groups identifying themselves with the President of the Philippines (Gloria Macapagal Arroyo at the time)  attempted to extort US$1 million from each bidder supposedly as campaign funds for the May 2004 elections. This, according to Tatad, limited the bidders to the two aforementioned firms. His claims were denied by LRTA administrator Pacifico Fajardo, as well as the Department of Transportation and Communications (DOTC; precursor to the DOTr).<ref>{{Cite news|title=LRTA denies anomaly in rail expansion project |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2004/03/25/243907/lrta-denies-anomaly-rail-expansion-project |first=Rainier Allan |last=Ronda |work=The Philippine Star |date=March 25, 2004 |access-date=June 26, 2024}}</ref> Fajardo later claimed that JBIC posed "no objection" to the bidding, and said that it was conducted with transparency.<ref>{{Cite news|title=LRT expansion proj delay a disservice to public — LRTA |url=https://www.philstar.com/business/2004/03/29/244462/lrt-expansion-proj-delay-disservice-public-151-lrta |work=The Philippine Star |date=March 29, 2004 |access-date=June 26, 2024}}</ref>

After a delay of more than three years since 2001, Sumitomo and Itochu won the contract and was given the go-ahead in March 2005.<ref>{{Cite news|title=P8.5-billion LRT-1 expansion approved |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2005/03/20/271031/p85-billion-lrt-1-expansion-approved |first=Sandy |last=Araneta |work=The Philippine Star |date=March 20, 2005 |access-date=June 26, 2024}}</ref> Following this, they signed a construction contract with Kinki Sharyo and Nippon Sharyo to manufacture the light rail vehicles.{{Sfn|Nippon Sharyo|2007}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=ITOCHU Corporation|url=https://jorsa.or.jp/en/members/detail.php?id=36|website=Japan Overseas Railway System Association|access-date=November 27, 2021|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807205800/https://jorsa.or.jp/en/members/detail.php?id=36|archive-date=August 7, 2020|quote=In the Philippines, we undertook the Manila LRT Line 1 Capacity Expansion 2 as a JV contractor and we supplied rolling stock and railway systems.}}</ref>

===Production and commissioning=== In December 2005, officials from the Light Rail Transit Authority and Manila Tren Consortium—the project consultant of the capacity expansion project, inspected the full-scale mock-up model at Kinki Sharyo's factory in Osaka.<ref name="inspection">{{cite press release |title=Osaka Inspection Tour |url=http://www.lrta.gov.ph/press_release/press_release_051212_OsakaInspection.htm |publisher=Light Rail Transit Authority |date=2005-12-12 |access-date=February 17, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051229230521/http://www.lrta.gov.ph/press_release/press_release_051212_OsakaInspection.htm |archive-date=December 29, 2005 |url-status=dead }}</ref> It was then displayed at the line's depot in Baclaran in March 2006.<ref name="mockup">{{cite press release |title=3rd Generation LRV Mock Up on Display |url=http://www.lrta.gov.ph/press_release/press_release_060309_3rdGenLRV.htm |publisher=Light Rail Transit Authority |date=March 9, 2006 |access-date=November 27, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060424160210/http://www.lrta.gov.ph/press_release/press_release_060309_3rdGenLRV.htm |archive-date=April 24, 2006 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

After delivery in the third quarter of 2006, the third-generation trains underwent mainline test runs in the late evening, during non-operating hours. Some scheduled tests in late September 2006 were cancelled due to Typhoon Xangsane.{{Sfn|Otsuki|2007|p=13}}

On December 9, 2006, at a ceremony in Baclaran, Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe and President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo inaugurated the third-generation 1200 class trains. These were then deployed for revenue operations two days later.<ref>{{Cite news|title=GMA, Japan PM inaugurate ‘3-G’ trains |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2006/12/10/374314/gma-japan-pm-inaugurate-1453-g146-trains |work=The Philippine Star |date=December 10, 2006 |access-date=June 18, 2024}}</ref> The trains raised the line's capacity from 27,000 passengers per hour per direction to 40,000 passengers per hour per direction.<ref name="mockup" /> <!-- On February 25, 2010, a 1200 class train was used in a test run of the LRT Line 1 North Extension and the MRT Line 3 as part of the MRT-LRT Closing the Loop project that intends to integrate the LRT Line 1 and MRT Line 3 operations, but the integration of operations has not been pursued.<ref>{{Cite AV media|title=MRT-LRT Closing the Loop Ride|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i0HuzL3_foM|website=YouTube|author=RTVMalacanang|time=1:37|date=February 25, 2010|access-date=June 8, 2021}}</ref>

Out of the 12 sets, only 11 sets remain operational, with three light rail vehicles inoperable after a collision as of 2013.{{Sfn|JICA|2013a|p=5-2}} --> ===Themed trains=== On September 6, 2018, a 3G trainset was decorated with a special ''Gabay Guro'' decoration to celebrate the National Teachers' Month in the Philippines. The decoration has a library-themed look with images of books. The special themed train was launched on that date and ended a year later.<ref>{{Cite news|title=LOOK: 'Gabay Guro' train offers chance to rediscover joys of reading, learning |url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/life/09/06/18/look-gabay-guro-train-offers-chance-to-rediscover-joys-of-reading-learning |publisher=ABS-CBN News |date=September 6, 2018 |access-date=September 5, 2021 }}</ref>

==Design== thumb|250px|A scale model drawing of the LRTA 1200 class in a 4-car formation Like the 1100 class, the 1200 class shares the 6-axle rigid body LRV design consisting of two articulated cars.

===Car body=== The train car body is made of beadless lightweight stainless steel, with composite materials on the indoor panels and aluminum on the inner bone to reduce weight.{{sfn|Nippon Sharyo|2007}}

Each light rail vehicle has two roof-mounted air-conditioning units that has a cooling capacity of {{convert|41000|kcal|kJ|sp=us|abbr=off}}. In total, there are eight air-conditioning units in a four-car train set.{{Sfn|Kinki Sharyo|2006|p=2}}

{{Gallery |width=145 | height=105 | File:Line 1 5th Avenue Station Train 1.jpg | alt1= | A 1200 class train (front cab) at 5th Avenue station in October 2016. | File:LRT-1 3G 1200 at Balintawak 2021-12-18.jpg | alt2= | A 1200 class train at {{stn|Balintawak}} station in December 2021. | File:Vito Cruz station (Moonsons; 2023-08-03) 05.jpg | alt3= | A 1200 class train with wrap advertising at {{stn|Vito Cruz|3=LRT}} in August 2023. }}

=== Interior === The interior is color-toned based on light and dark two-color green in the seats to complement the landscape of Manila. Seats are made of fiber reinforced plastic and has an aluminum bracket type cantilever longitudinal seat for reducing weight. Seating and grip sticks are designed to have ergonomic dimensions, aside from equipment arrangement inside the cab.{{sfn|Kinki Sharyo|2006|p=2}} A wheelchair-compatible space is provided beside the gangway of the intermediate car, alongside an equipped fire extinguisher.<ref name="inspection" />

{{Gallery|width=145 | height=105 | File:LRT-1 - inside the train (3rd generation) (Caloocan)(2017-07-08).jpg | alt1= | 1200 class interior | File:LRT1 3G fire extinguisher.jpg | alt2= | Wheelchair strap and space, and fire extinguisher | File:3rdgenTUBE20241116.jpg | alt3= | The now-unused Tube information system }}

=== Electrical === Each LRV consists of four totally enclosed, self-ventilated 3-phase AC induction motors, driven by variable-voltage/variable-frequency drive (VVVF) inverters. Auxiliary power is sourced from 440-volt alternating current static inverters and 110-volt direct current batteries.{{Sfn|DOTC|LRTA|2012|p=60}}

{{Gallery|width=145 | height=105 | File:LRT-1 KNS Mitsubishi VVVF at EDSA 2025-02-05.jpg | alt1= | Mitsubishi Electric VVVF inverter of a 1200 class LRV. | File:09689jfBarangays Zone District LRT 13th Avenue Caloocan Cityfvf.jpg | alt2= | A single-arm pantograph above the driving car of the 1200 class }}

=== Mechanical and braking === Each LRV has three inside-frame bogies, similar to the 1000 class. The bogies consist of two motorized bogies at the ends of the LRV and one shared trailer bogie under the articulation.{{sfn|Nippon Sharyo|2007}} The primary suspension is a chevron rubber spring, while the secondary suspension is an air suspension, similar to the 1100 class.{{sfn|JICA|2013b|p=A-26}} Semi-permanent couplers are present in the ends of each light rail vehicle except the driving cab section of the MC car.

The 1200 class employs a regenerative and electronically controlled pneumatic braking system manufactured by Knorr-Bremse.{{sfn|Knorr-Bremse 2011|p=11}} The resistors are mounted on the roof for backup regenerative brakes.{{sfn|Nippon Sharyo|2007}} Each VVVF controller is equipped with an Electronic Command Braking Device (ECBD).{{Sfn|Kinki Sharyo|2006|p=2}} Disc brakes are present on the bogies.{{Sfn|DOTC|LRTA|2012|p=60}}

{{Gallery|width=145 | height=105 | File:LRT-1 Monumento station 1200 LRV bogie 2021-12-18.jpg | alt1= | The inside-frame bogie of a 1200 class LRV. | File:Baclaran LRT-1 1200 LRV semi-permanent coupler 2022-02-25.jpg | alt2= | Semi-permanent couplers of the 1200 class }}

==Train formation== The configuration of a four-car trainset is Mc–M–M–Mc. Mc denotes a driving car while M denotes an intermediate car.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+'''Cars of 1200 class''' ! rowspan="2" colspan="2" |Car type ! colspan="2" | Mc ! colspan="2" | M |- ! A-car ! B-car ! A-car ! B-car |- ! colspan="2" |Quantity | colspan="2" |2 | colspan="2" |2 |- ! colspan="2" |Control cab | {{ya}} || {{na}} || {{na}} || {{na}} |- ! colspan="2" |VVVF inverter | {{ya}} || {{ya}} || {{ya}} || {{ya}} |- ! colspan="2" |Auxiliary inverter | {{ya}} || {{ya}} || {{ya}} || {{ya}} |- ! colspan="2" |Pantograph | {{ya}} || {{na}} || {{ya}} || {{na}} |- ! rowspan="2" |Car length !m | colspan="2" | 26.35 | colspan="2" | 26.5 |- !ft in | colspan="2" |{{convert|26.35|m|ftin|frac=32|abbr=on|disp=out}} | colspan="2" |{{convert|26.5|m|ftin|frac=16|abbr=on|disp=out}} |- ! rowspan="3"| Capacity ! Seated | colspan="2" | 66 | colspan="2" | 70 |- ! Standing | colspan="2" | 272 | colspan="2" | 286 |- ! Total | colspan="2" | '''338''' | colspan="2" | '''356''' |}

== Incidents == * On June 24, 2010, two trains (1G and 3G) collided at {{stn|Balintawak}} station.{{Sfn|JICA|2013a|p=8-8}} As a result, LRVs 1248 and 1247 sustained damage. There were plans to restore it,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Invitation to Bid - Rehabilitation and Restoration of Light Rail Vehicles (LRVs) Project|author=Department of Transportation and Communications|date=September 14, 2012|access-date=2022-01-16|url=https://dotr.gov.ph/images/Public_Bidding/Goods/2012/RAIL/P203MLRTA_Rehab/itb.pdf|archive-date=December 27, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211227192546/https://dotr.gov.ph/images/Public_Bidding/Goods/2012/RAIL/P203MLRTA_Rehab/itb.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> but the involved cars remain idle as of 2022. * On February 18, 2011, two trains (1G and 3G) collided near Roosevelt Station in Quezon City at the reversing tracks, around a kilometer away to the east. There were no passengers on board when the incident happened.<ref>{{cite news |last=Castro |first=Doland |date=February 18, 2011 |title=2 LRT trains collide |url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/video/nation/metro-manila/02/18/11/2-mrt-trains-collide |url-status=live |work=ABS-CBN News |publisher=ABS-CBN News and Current Affairs |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200526074945/https://news.abs-cbn.com/video/nation/metro-manila/02/18/11/2-mrt-trains-collide |archive-date=May 26, 2020 |access-date=May 26, 2021 }}</ref> This caused the {{stn|Roosevelt|3=LRT}} and {{stn|Balintawak}} stations to remain closed for two months until the stations were reopened on April 11, 2011. An investigation was conducted and was shown that one of the drivers was texting when the incident occurred.<ref>{{Cite news|first=Kimberly Jane|last=Tan|title=LRT Balintawak, Roosevelt stations resume operations|url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/news/nation/217460/lrt-balintawak-roosevelt-stations-resume-operations/story/|work=GMA News|publisher=GMA News and Public Affairs|date=2011-04-11|access-date=2021-12-28}}</ref> This however caused LRV 1236, the 3G unit involved in the incident, to be in idle state and has not yet been restored for service. * On May 23, 2015, thousands of passengers were stranded after two trains (1G and 3G) collided near the Monumento station. A train driver was hurt after the impact caused his head to slam into the dashboard of the train.<ref>{{cite news |last=Gonzales |first=Yuji Vincent |date=May 23, 2015 |title=2 LRT trains collide due to technical glitch; at least 1 hurt |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/693097/2-lrt-trains-collide-due-to-technical-glitch-at-least-1-hurt |url-status=live |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160204182202/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/693097/2-lrt-trains-collide-due-to-technical-glitch-at-least-1-hurt |archive-date=February 4, 2016 |access-date=May 26, 2021 }}</ref> The accident, later revealed to be caused by power fluctuation that affected the signalling system, forced passengers to alight from the station until services was restored around 1 pm at the same day.<ref>{{cite news |last=Palma |first=Paola |date=May 23, 2015 |title=Minor collision disrupts LRT operation Saturday |url=https://cnnphilippines.com/metro/2015/05/23/lrt-collision.html |url-status=dead |work=CNN Philippines |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101070456/https://cnnphilippines.com/metro/2015/05/23/lrt-collision.html |archive-date=January 1, 2016 |access-date=May 26, 2021 }}</ref>

== Build details (original configurations) == All 1200 class trains were designed and built to agreed specifications with no comparable differences. {| class="wikitable" |-" ! Set No. ! 1 ! 2 ! 3 ! 4 ! Manufacturer ! Notes |- ! 1 | 1201 || 1202 || 1203 || 1204 || rowspan=2 | Kinki Sharyo || rowspan=8 {{n/a}} |- ! 2 | 1205 || 1206 || 1207 || 1208 |- ! 3 | 1209 || 1210 || 1211 || 1212 || rowspan=2 | Nippon Sharyo |- ! 4 | 1213 || 1214 || 1215 || 1216 |- ! 5 | 1217 || 1218 || 1219 || 1220 || rowspan=2 | Kinki Sharyo |- ! 6 | 1221 || 1222 || 1223 || 1224 |- ! 7 | 1225 || 1226 || 1227 || 1228 || rowspan=2 | Nippon Sharyo |- ! 8 | 1229 || 1230 || 1231 || 1232 |- ! 9 | 1233 || 1234 || 1235 || 1236 || rowspan=2 | Kinki Sharyo || 1233–1234 re-configured to 1246–1245 |- ! 10 | 1237 || 1238 || 1239 || 1240 || rowspan=2 {{n/a}} |- ! 11 | 1241 || 1242 || 1243 || 1244 || rowspan=2 | Nippon Sharyo |- ! 12 | 1245 || 1246 || 1247 || 1248 || 1246–1245 re-configured to 1233–1234 |- |}

== References == {{Reflist}}

== Sources == {{commons category|LRTA Class 1200}} * {{cite report |author=Kinki Sharyo |authorlink=Kinki Sharyo |url=https://www.kinkisharyo.co.jp/pdf/gihou/KSW13/KSW13_p42-43.pdf |title=New product マニラ1号線向け連接電車 |date=October 2006 |language=ja |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180409172038/https://www.kinkisharyo.co.jp/pdf/gihou/KSW13/KSW13_p42-43.pdf |archive-date=April 9, 2018}} * {{cite report |author=Nippon Sharyo |authorlink=Nippon Sharyo |url=http://www.n-sharyo.co.jp/business/tetsudo/topics/tp061127.html |title=フィリピン・マニラ都市圏軽軌道公社殿向けLRT１号線用車両完成 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151116180959/http://www.n-sharyo.co.jp/business/tetsudo/topics/tp061127.html |date=January 2007 |language=ja |archive-date=November 16, 2015}} * {{cite report |date=September 22, 2011 |url=https://www.eu-japan.eu/sites/eu-japan.eu/files/presentation_paddison_22092011.pdf |title=Knorr-Bremse Group|ref={{SfnRef|Knorr-Bremse 2011}}}} *{{cite report |author=Japan International Cooperation Agency |authorlink=Japan International Cooperation Agency |author2=Oriental Consultants Co., Ltd. |author3=ALMEC Corporation |author4=Katahira & Engineers International |author5=Tonichi Engineering Consultants, Inc. |url=http://openjicareport.jica.go.jp/pdf/12126629_01.pdf |title=Study on railway strategy for enhancement of railway network system in Metro Manila of the Republic of the Philippines: Final report, Vol.1-LRT Line 1: Cavite extension project (2013) |date=July 2013 |access-date=27 December 2021 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211227073918/https://openjicareport.jica.go.jp/pdf/12126629_01.pdf |archive-date=27 December 2021 |ref={{SfnRef|JICA|2013a}}}} *{{cite report |author=Japan International Cooperation Agency |authorlink=Japan International Cooperation Agency |author2=Oriental Consultants Co., Ltd. |author3=ALMEC Corporation |author4=Katahira & Engineers International |author5=Tonichi Engineering Consultants, Inc. |section=Appendices |section-url=http://openjicareport.jica.go.jp/pdf/12126629_02.pdf |title=Study on railway strategy for enhancement of railway network system in Metro Manila of the Republic of the Philippines: Final report, Vol.1 LRT Line 1: Cavite extension project (2013) |date=July 2013b |accessdate=27 December 2021 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211227071953/https://openjicareport.jica.go.jp/pdf/12126629_02.pdf |archive-date=27 December 2021 |ref={{SfnRef|JICA|2013b}} }} *{{Cite report|title=PROJECT NO. 5B Restoration of Two (2) 3rd Generation LRVs (RE-BID) |author1=Department of Transportation and Communications |author-link1=Department of Transportation (Philippines) |author2=Light Rail Transit Authority |author-link2=Light Rail Transit Authority |url=https://dotr.gov.ph/images/Public_Bidding/Goods/2012/RAIL/P203MLRTA_Rehab/project_no5b.pdf |date=14 September 2012 |access-date=28 December 2021 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211228032622/https://dotr.gov.ph/images/Public_Bidding/Goods/2012/RAIL/P203MLRTA_Rehab/project_no5b.pdf |archive-date=28 December 2021 |ref={{SfnRef|DOTC|LRTA|2012}} }} * {{Cite journal |url=http://www.kinkisharyo.co.jp/pdf/gihou/KSW14/KSW14_e_P12-13.pdf |author=Otsuki, Tsutomu |title=The Commissioning – In Case of a Project in Manila |journal=KS World |volume=14 |publisher=Kinki Sharyo |year=2007 |pages=12–13 |access-date=June 18, 2024 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928074957/http://www.kinkisharyo.co.jp/pdf/gihou/KSW14/KSW14_e_P12-13.pdf |archive-date=September 28, 2011 |ref={{SfnRef|Otsuki|2007}} }} * {{cite report|author=Japan International Cooperation Agency|title=Ex-Post Evaluation of Japanese ODA Loan Project - LRT Line 1 Capacity Expansion Project (II)|url=https://www2.jica.go.jp/en/evaluation/pdf/2012_PH-P211_4_f.pdf|date=2012|access-date=December 11, 2021|ref={{SfnRef|JICA|2012}} }}

Category:Manila Light Rail Transit System Category:Electric multiple units of the Philippines Category:Train-related introductions in 2006 Category:750 V DC multiple units Category:Kinki Sharyo multiple units Category:Nippon Sharyo multiple units