{{Short description|Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens}} {{Infobox_gene}} '''LIM domain transcription factor LMO4''' is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''LMO4'' gene.<ref name="entrez">{{Cite web| title = Entrez Gene: LMO4 LIM domain only 4| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=8543}}</ref>
LIM domain only 4 is a cysteine-rich, two LIM domain-containing protein that may play a role as a transcriptional regulator or possibly an oncogene. Its mRNA is characterized by a GC-rich 5' region and by multiple ATTT motifs in the 3' region. A variant transcript missing a portion of the 5' region has been identified but cannot be confirmed because of the GC-rich nature of the region.<ref name="entrez"/>
==Clinical Significance== LMO4 has garnered significant attention for its involvement in cancer, particularly breast cancer.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Singh |first=Rajesh R. |last2=Barnes |first2=Christopher J. |last3=Talukder |first3=Amjad H. |last4=Fuqua |first4=Suzanne A.W. |last5=Kumar |first5=Rakesh |date=2005-11-15 |title=Negative Regulation of Estrogen Receptor α Transactivation Functions by LIM Domain Only 4 Protein |url=https://aacrjournals.org/cancerres/article/65/22/10594/518658/Negative-Regulation-of-Estrogen-Receptor |journal=Cancer Research |language=en |volume=65 |issue=22 |pages=10594–10601 |doi=10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-05-2268 |issn=0008-5472|url-access=subscription }}</ref> It is overexpressed in a substantial percentage of primary breast carcinomas.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sum |first=Eleanor Y. M. |last2=Segara |first2=Davendra |last3=Duscio |first3=Belinda |last4=Bath |first4=Mary L. |last5=Field |first5=Andrew S. |last6=Sutherland |first6=Robert L. |last7=Lindeman |first7=Geoffrey J. |last8=Visvader |first8=Jane E. |date=2005-05-24 |title=Overexpression of LMO4 induces mammary hyperplasia, promotes cell invasion, and is a predictor of poor outcome in breast cancer |url=https://pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.0502990102 |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |language=en |volume=102 |issue=21 |pages=7659–7664 |doi=10.1073/pnas.0502990102 |issn=0027-8424|pmc=1140463 }}</ref> Studies have shown that LMO4 can promote the proliferation of mammary epithelial cells, inhibit their differentiation, and enhance cell invasion and motility, all of which are hallmarks of cancer progression.
==Interactions== LMO4 has been shown to interact with LDB1,<ref name=pmid12925972>{{cite journal |last=Sutherland |first=Kate D |author2=Visvader Jane E |author3=Choong David Y H |author4=Sum Eleanor Y M |author5=Lindeman Geoffrey J |author6=Campbell Ian G |date=Oct 2003 |title=Mutational analysis of the LMO4 gene, encoding a BRCA1-interacting protein, in breast carcinomas |journal=Int. J. Cancer |volume=107 |issue=1 |pages=155–8 | issn = 0020-7136| pmid = 12925972 |doi = 10.1002/ijc.11343 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name=pmid12727888>{{cite journal |last=Deane |first=Janet E |author2=Mackay Joel P |author3=Kwan Ann H Y |author4=Sum Eleanor Y M |author5=Visvader Jane E |author6=Matthews Jacqueline M |date=May 2003 |title=Structural basis for the recognition of ldb1 by the N-terminal LIM domains of LMO2 and LMO4 |journal=EMBO J. |volume=22 |issue=9 |pages=2224–33 | issn = 0261-4189| pmid = 12727888 |doi = 10.1093/emboj/cdg196 |pmc=156068 }}</ref> RBBP8<ref name=pmid12925972/><ref name=pmid11751867>{{cite journal |last=Sum |first=Eleanor Y M |author2=Peng Benjamin |author3=Yu Xin |author4=Chen Junjie |author5=Byrne Jennifer |author6=Lindeman Geoffrey J |author7=Visvader Jane E |date=Mar 2002 |title=The LIM domain protein LMO4 interacts with the cofactor CtIP and the tumor suppressor BRCA1 and inhibits BRCA1 activity |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=277 |issue=10 |pages=7849–56 | issn = 0021-9258| pmid = 11751867 |doi = 10.1074/jbc.M110603200 |doi-access=free }}</ref> and BRCA1.<ref name=pmid12925972/><ref name=pmid11751867/>
==References== {{Reflist}}
==Further reading== {{Refbegin| 2}} *{{Cite journal |vauthors=Kenny DA, Jurata LW, Saga Y, Gill GN |title=Identification and characterization of LMO4, an LMO gene with a novel pattern of expression during embryogenesis. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=95 |issue= 19 |pages= 11257–62 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9736723 |doi=10.1073/pnas.95.19.11257 | pmc=21629 |bibcode=1998PNAS...9511257K |doi-access=free }} *{{Cite journal |vauthors=Racevskis J, Dill A, Sparano JA, Ruan H |title=Molecular cloning of LMO41, a new human LIM domain gene. |journal=Biochim. Biophys. Acta |volume=1445 |issue= 1 |pages= 148–53 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10209267 |doi= 10.1016/s0167-4781(99)00037-8}} *{{Cite journal |vauthors=Tse E, Grutz G, Garner AA, etal |title=Characterization of the Lmo4 gene encoding a LIM-only protein: genomic organization and comparative chromosomal mapping. |journal=Mamm. Genome |volume=10 |issue= 11 |pages= 1089–94 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10556429 |doi=10.1007/s003359901167 |s2cid=19479121 }} *{{Cite journal |vauthors=Sum EY, Peng B, Yu X, etal |title=The LIM domain protein LMO4 interacts with the cofactor CtIP and the tumor suppressor BRCA1 and inhibits BRCA1 activity. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=277 |issue= 10 |pages= 7849–56 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11751867 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M110603200 |doi-access= free }} *{{Cite journal |vauthors=Deane JE, Visvader JE, Mackay JP, Matthew JM |title=1H, 15N and 13C assignments of FLIN4, an intramolecular LMO4:ldb1 complex. |journal=J. Biomol. NMR |volume=23 |issue= 2 |pages= 165–6 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12153047 |doi=10.1023/A:1016363414644 |s2cid=30891765 }} *{{Cite journal |vauthors=Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, etal |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899–903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899 | pmc=139241 |bibcode=2002PNAS...9916899M |doi-access=free }} *{{Cite journal |vauthors=Vu D, Marin P, Walzer C, etal |title=Transcription regulator LMO4 interferes with neuritogenesis in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. |journal=Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. |volume=115 |issue= 2 |pages= 93–103 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12877980 |doi=10.1016/S0169-328X(03)00119-0 }} *{{Cite journal |vauthors=Manetopoulos C, Hansson A, Karlsson J, etal |title=The LIM-only protein LMO4 modulates the transcriptional activity of HEN1. |journal=Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. |volume=307 |issue= 4 |pages= 891–9 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12878195 |doi=10.1016/S0006-291X(03)01298-1 }} *{{Cite journal |vauthors=Sutherland KD, Visvader JE, Choong DY, etal |title=Mutational analysis of the LMO4 gene, encoding a BRCA1-interacting protein, in breast carcinomas. |journal=Int. J. Cancer |volume=107 |issue= 1 |pages= 155–8 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12925972 |doi= 10.1002/ijc.11343 |doi-access= free }} *{{Cite journal |vauthors=Colland F, Jacq X, Trouplin V, etal |title=Functional proteomics mapping of a human signaling pathway. |journal=Genome Res. |volume=14 |issue= 7 |pages= 1324–32 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15231748 |doi= 10.1101/gr.2334104 | pmc=442148 }} *{{Cite journal |vauthors=Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, etal |title=The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). |journal=Genome Res. |volume=14 |issue= 10B |pages= 2121–7 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15489334 |doi= 10.1101/gr.2596504 | pmc=528928 }} *{{Cite journal |vauthors=Novotny-Diermayr V, Lin B, Gu L, Cao X |title=Modulation of the interleukin-6 receptor subunit glycoprotein 130 complex and its signaling by LMO4 interaction. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=280 |issue= 13 |pages= 12747–57 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15677447 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M500175200 |doi-access= free }} *{{Cite journal |vauthors=Sun T, Patoine C, Abu-Khalil A, etal |title=Early asymmetry of gene transcription in embryonic human left and right cerebral cortex. |journal=Science |volume=308 |issue= 5729 |pages= 1794–8 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15894532 |doi= 10.1126/science.1110324 | pmc=2756725 |bibcode=2005Sci...308.1794S }} *{{Cite journal |vauthors=Sum EY, Segara D, Duscio B, etal |title=Overexpression of LMO4 induces mammary hyperplasia, promotes cell invasion, and is a predictor of poor outcome in breast cancer. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=102 |issue= 21 |pages= 7659–64 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15897450 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.0502990102 | pmc=1140463 |bibcode=2005PNAS..102.7659S |doi-access=free }} *{{Cite journal |vauthors=Jeffries CM, Graham SC, Stokes PH, etal |title=Stabilization of a binary protein complex by intein-mediated cyclization. |journal=Protein Sci. |volume=15 |issue= 11 |pages= 2612–8 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17001033 |doi= 10.1110/ps.062377006 | pmc=2242402 }} {{Refend}} {{PDB Gallery|geneid=8543}}
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