LHX2 — Mediated Wiki

{{Short description|Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens}}

{{Infobox_gene}} '''LIM/homeobox 2 protein (LHX2)''' is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''LHX2'' gene and is part of the LIM gene family.<ref name="pmid8649822">{{cite journal |vauthors=Wu HK, Heng HH, Siderovski DP, Dong WF, Okuno Y, Shi XM, Tsui LC, Minden MD | title = Identification of a human LIM-Hox gene, hLH-2, aberrantly expressed in chronic myelogenous leukaemia and located on 9q33-34.1 | journal = Oncogene | volume = 12 | issue = 6 | pages = 1205–1212 |date=Jul 1996 | pmid = 8649822 }}</ref><ref name="pmid10051612">{{cite journal |vauthors=Rincon-Limas DE, Lu CH, Canal I, Calleja M, Rodriguez-Esteban C, Izpisua-Belmonte JC, Botas J | title = Conservation of the expression and function of apterous orthologs in Drosophila and mammals | journal = Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A | volume = 96 | issue = 5 | pages = 2165–2170 |date=Apr 1999 | pmid = 10051612 | pmc = 26754 | doi =10.1073/pnas.96.5.2165 | bibcode =1999PNAS...96.2165R | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: LHX2 LIM homeobox 2| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=9355}}</ref> ''LHX2,'' like other members of the LIM-homeobox gene family, regulates developmental processes like tissue patterning, cell fate determination and differentiation.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Rincón-Limas |first1=Diego E. |last2=Lu |first2=Cheng-Hsin |last3=Canal |first3=Inmaculada |last4=Calleja |first4=Manuel |last5=Rodríguez-Esteban |first5=Concepción |last6=Izpisúa-Belmonte |first6=Juan Carlos |last7=Botas |first7=Juan |date=1999-03-02 |title=Conservation of the expression and function of apterous orthologs in Drosophila and mammals |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=96 |issue=5 |pages=2165–2170 |doi=10.1073/pnas.96.5.2165 |doi-access=free |pmc=26754 |pmid=10051612 |bibcode=1999PNAS...96.2165R }}</ref>

== Structure == LHX2 as part of the LIM gene family, it encodes for proteins with two N-terminal zinc-finger-like motifs called LIM domains and a homeobox domain.<ref>{{Citation |last1=Jurata |first1=L. W. |title=Structure and Function of LIM Domains |date=1998 |work=Protein Modules in Signal Transduction |pages=75–113 |editor-last=Pawson |editor-first=Anthony J. |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-80481-6_4 |access-date=2025-10-27 |place=Berlin, Heidelberg |publisher=Springer |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-3-642-80481-6_4 |isbn=978-3-642-80481-6 |last2=Gill |first2=G. N. |volume=228 |pmid=9401203 |url-access=subscription }}</ref> Due to the presence of the LIM domains which bind to zinc, ''LHX2'' can form complexes like with LDB1 in mammals or binding with DNA through the HOX domain to activate genes.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Kinare |first1=Veena |last2=Iyer |first2=Archana |last3=Padmanabhan |first3=Hari |last4=Godbole |first4=Geeta |last5=Khan |first5=Tooba |last6=Khatri |first6=Zeba |last7=Maheshwari |first7=Upasana |last8=Muralidharan |first8=Bhavana |last9=Tole |first9=Shubha |date=2020-01-01 |title=An evolutionarily conserved Lhx2-Ldb1 interaction regulates the acquisition of hippocampal cell fate and regional identity |url=https://journals.biologists.com/dev/article/doi/10.1242/dev.187856/267019/An-evolutionarily-conserved-Lhx2-Ldb1-interaction |journal=Development |volume=147 |issue=20 |article-number=dev.187856 |language=en |doi=10.1242/dev.187856 |doi-broken-date=27 October 2025 |pmid=32994168 |issn=1477-9129}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Rincón-Limas |first1=Diego E. |last2=Lu |first2=Cheng-Hsin |last3=Canal |first3=Inmaculada |last4=Botas |first4=Juan |date=June 2000 |title=The level of DLDB/CHIP controls the activity of the LIM homeodomain protein Apterous: evidence for a functional tetramer complex in vivo |url=https://www.embopress.org/doi/full/10.1093/emboj/19.11.2602 |journal=The EMBO Journal |volume=19 |issue=11 |pages=2602–2614 |doi=10.1093/emboj/19.11.2602 |issn=0261-4189 |pmc=212760 |pmid=10835358}}</ref>

==Functions== The encoded protein may function as a transcriptional regulator. The protein can recapitulate or rescue phenotypes in Drosophila caused by a related protein, suggesting conservation of function during evolution.<ref name="entrez" />

The LIM domain of ''LHX2'' has been shown to interact with MRG1 which further binds to CITED2 and enhances transcriptional activation of the α-subunit gene of the glycoprotein hormones.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Glenn |first1=Denis J. |last2=Maurer |first2=Richard A. |date=1999-12-17 |title=MRG1 Binds to the LIM Domain of Lhx2 and May Function as a Coactivator to Stimulate Glycoprotein Hormone α-Subunit Gene Expression |journal=Journal of Biological Chemistry |language=English |volume=274 |issue=51 |pages=36159–36167 |doi=10.1074/jbc.274.51.36159 |pmid=10593900 |doi-access=free |issn=0021-9258}}</ref>

==References== {{reflist}}

==Further reading== {{refbegin | 2}} *{{cite journal |vauthors=Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, etal |title=The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC) |journal=Genome Res. |volume=14 |issue= 10B |pages= 2121–2127 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15489334 |doi= 10.1101/gr.2596504 | pmc=528928 }} *{{cite journal |vauthors=Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, etal |title=Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs |journal=Nat. Genet. |volume=36 |issue= 1 |pages= 40–45 |year= 2004 |pmid= 14702039 |doi= 10.1038/ng1285 |doi-access= free }} *{{cite journal |vauthors=Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, etal |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899–16903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899 | pmc=139241 |bibcode=2002PNAS...9916899M |doi-access=free }} *{{cite journal |vauthors=Glenn DJ, Maurer RA |title=MRG1 binds to the LIM domain of Lhx2 and may function as a coactivator to stimulate glycoprotein hormone alpha-subunit gene expression |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=274 |issue= 51 |pages= 36159–36167 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10593900 |doi=10.1074/jbc.274.51.36159 |doi-access=free }} *{{cite journal |vauthors=Bach I, Rodriguez-Esteban C, Carrière C, etal |title=RLIM inhibits functional activity of LIM homeodomain transcription factors via recruitment of the histone deacetylase complex |journal=Nat. Genet. |volume=22 |issue= 4 |pages= 394–399 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10431247 |doi= 10.1038/11970 |s2cid=22326394 }} *{{cite journal |vauthors=Bendall AJ, Rincón-Limas DE, Botas J, Abate-Shen C |title=Protein complex formation between Msx1 and Lhx2 homeoproteins is incompatible with DNA binding activity |journal=Differentiation |volume=63 |issue= 3 |pages= 151–157 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9697309 |doi=10.1046/j.1432-0436.1998.6330151.x }} {{refend}} {{PDB Gallery|geneid=9355}}

Category:Transcription factors Category:Genes on human chromosome 9