{{Short description|Les Autres sport classification}} '''LA1''' is a [[Les Autres sport classification]] is an wheelchair sport classification for a sportsperson with a disability that impacts their locomotor function. People in this class have severe locomotor issues with all four limbs as a result of loss of muscle strength or spasticity. This also impacts their dominant throwing arm. They also have poor sitting balance.
Internationally, governance for this sport is handled by [[International Wheelchair and Amputee Sports Federation|IWAS]], following the 2005 merger of ISMWSF and [[International Sports Organization for the Disabled|ISOD]]. Classification is handled nationally by relevant national organizations. Sports they can participate in include sitting volleyball, powerlifting, athletics, archery, and equestrian.
== Definition == LAF1 is an Les Autres sports classification.<ref name=":02">{{Cite web|url=https://queenslandschoolsport.eq.edu.au/Supportandresources/Formsanddocuments/Documents/Officials%20and%20executives/classification-system-for-students-with-a-disability.docx |title=CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM FOR STUDENTS WITH A DISABILITY |website=Queensland Sport |access-date=23 July 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150404055316/https://queenslandschoolsport.eq.edu.au/Supportandresources/Formsanddocuments/Documents/Officials%20and%20executives/classification-system-for-students-with-a-disability.docx |archive-date=4 April 2015 }}</ref> Sportspeople in this class use wheelchairs on a regular basis as a result of reduced muscle function.<ref name=":15">{{Cite book|url=http://www.colimdo.org/media/2609359/deportistas_sin_adjetivos.pdf|title=Deportistas sin Adjectivos|last=Consejo Superior de Deportes|publisher=Consejo Superior de Deportes|year=2011|location=Spain|language=es-ES|access-date=28 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161104204846/http://www.colimdo.org/media/2609359/deportistas_sin_adjetivos.pdf|archive-date=4 November 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> ''ACSM's Primary Care Sports Medicine'' defines LAF1 as a medical class as "[s]evere involvement of the four limbs -- for example, MS, muscular dystrophy (MD), juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) with contractures" As a functional class, ''ACSM's Primary Care Sports Medicine'' defines LAF1 as "use of wheelchair with reduced function of muscle strength and/or spasticity in throwing arm, and poor sitting balance."<ref name=":63">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KoeRrA_-td0C&q=%2522les%2520autres%2522%2520sport%2520classification&pg=PA295|title=ACSM's Primary Care Sports Medicine|last1=McKeag|first1=Douglas|last2=Moeller|first2=James L.|date=1 January 2007|publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|isbn=9780781770286|language=en}}</ref> Medically, this class includes people with severe multiple sclerosis, muscular dystrophy, and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis with contractures. This means they have severe issues with all four limbs. In terms of functional classification, this means the sportsperson uses a wheelchair, has poor sitting balance and has reduced strength or spasticity in their throwing arm.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=usO95dxAEm8C|title=Pediatric Rehabilitation: Principles & Practices, Fourth Edition|last1=MD|first1=Michael A. Alexander|last2=MD|first2=Dennis J. Matthews|date=18 September 2009|publisher=Demos Medical Publishing|isbn=9781935281658|language=en}}</ref> For the 1984 Summer Paralympics, LAF1 was defined by the Games organizers as, "Wheelchair bound. Reduced functions of muscle strength, and/or spasticity in throwing arm. Poor sitting balance."<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GPa1AAAAIAAJ|title=The 1984 Olympic Scientific Congress proceedings: Eugene, Ore., 19-26 July 1984 : (also: OSC proceedings)|last=Broekhoff|first=Jan|date=1 June 1986|publisher=Human Kinetics Publishers|isbn=9780873220064|language=en}}</ref>
Sportspeople with muscular dystrophy in this class have a number of factors that can make sports participation difficult. This includes poor pulmonary function, and potentially having restrictive lung disease values.<ref name=":63"/>
== Governance == Les Autres sport classification was originally created and then governed by the [[International Sports Organization for the Disabled]] (ISOD).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ifsport.is/ritgerd.htm |title=ritgerd |website=www.ifsport.is |language=is |access-date=30 July 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160505180703/http://www.ifsport.is/ritgerd.htm |archive-date=5 May 2016 }}</ref><ref name=":132">{{Cite journal|last1=Richter|first1=Kenneth J.|last2=Adams-Mushett|first2=Carol|last3=Ferrara|first3=Michael S.|last4=McCann|first4=B. Cairbre|date=1992|title=lntegrated Swimming Classification : A Faulted System|url=http://journals.humankinetics.com/AcuCustom/Sitename/Documents/DocumentItem/11786.pdf|journal=Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly|volume=9|pages=5–13|doi=10.1123/apaq.9.1.5|access-date=1 August 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uTQdAQAAMAAJ|title=Rehabilitation World|date=1 January 1984|publisher=Rehabilitation International USA|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/fitnessinspecial0000shep|url-access=registration|title=Fitness in special populations|last=Shephard|first=Roy J.|date=1 January 1990|publisher=Human Kinetics Books|isbn=9780873222709|language=en}}</ref> Currently, classification is overseen by [[International Wheelchair and Amputee Sports Federation|IWAS]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.iwasf.com/iwasf/index.cfm/about-iwas111/|title=About IWAS|website=Int'l Wheelchair & Amputee Sports Federation|access-date=30 July 2016|archive-date=21 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170921003613/http://www.iwasf.com/iwasf/index.cfm/about-iwas111/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":623">{{Cite web|url=http://www.iwasf.com/iwasf/index.cfm/sports/other-sports1/|title=Other Sports|website=Int'l Wheelchair & Amputee Sports Federation|access-date=30 July 2016|archive-date=20 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170920235832/http://www.iwasf.com/iwasf/index.cfm/sports/other-sports1/|url-status=dead}}</ref> having taken over this role following the 2005 merger of ISMWSF and ISOD.<ref name=":163">{{Cite journal|last=KOCCA |date=2011 |title=장애인e스포츠 활성화를 위한 스포츠 등급분류 연구 |trans-title=Activate e-sports for people with disabilities: Sports Classification Study |url=https://www.kocca.kr/knowledge/research/__icsFiles/afieldfile/2011/05/24/6n70w4pHkDKo.pdf |journal=KOCCA |language=ko |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817111130/https://www.kocca.kr/knowledge/research/__icsFiles/afieldfile/2011/05/24/6n70w4pHkDKo.pdf |archive-date=17 August 2016 }}</ref><ref name=":43">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MR4XAgAAQBAJ|title=A Companion to Sport|last1=Andrews|first1=David L.|last2=Carrington|first2=Ben|date=21 June 2013|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=9781118325285|language=en}}</ref>
National sport organizations handle classification on the national level. In the United Kingdom, this is the British Amputee and Les Autres Sports Association.<ref name=":52">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BPsqAoFtG-sC&q=les%2520autres&pg=PA246|title=Disability Sport|last1=DePauw|first1=Karen P.|last2=Gavron|first2=Susan J.|date=1 January 2005|publisher=Human Kinetics|isbn=9780736046381|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":122">{{Cite web|url=https://us.corwin.com/sites/default/files/upm-binaries/9462_011233Ch6.pdf|title=Sport and Disability|last=Thomas|first=Nigel|date=2002|pages=105–124|access-date=1 August 2016|archive-date=14 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160814135941/https://us.corwin.com/sites/default/files/upm-binaries/9462_011233Ch6.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2cx8AgAAQBAJ|title=Teaching Physical Education to Children with Special Educational Needs|last=Vickerman|first=Philip|date=24 January 2007|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781134168460|language=en}}</ref> In the United States, this is the United States Les Autres Sports Association.<ref name=":63"/> The classification system used in the United States has generally matched the international norms, though in track in field there have been five wheelchair classes and five ambulatory classes for Les Autres sportspeople.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6_aY-HejIEgC&q=%2522les%2520autres%2522%2520|title=Adapted Physical Education and Sport|last=Winnick|first=Joseph P.|date=1 January 2011|publisher=Human Kinetics|isbn=9780736089180|language=en}}</ref> In Australia, [[Wheelchair Sports Australia]] was the governing body for classification for Les Autres sportspeople,<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_CHwAAAAMAAJ|title=Coaching Athletes with Cerebral Palsy|last1=Houbolt|first1=Mirjam|last2=Denman|first2=Karen|date=1 January 1998|publisher=Australian Sports Commission|isbn=9780642263445|language=en}}</ref> with [[Disability Sports Australia]] taking over the role following the 2003 merger of [[Australian Sports Organisation for the Disabled]] (ASOD), [[Cerebral Palsy Australian Sports and Recreation Federation]] (CPASRF) and Wheelchair Sports Australia (WSA).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sports.org.au/about-dsa/|title=About DSA|website=Disability Sports Australia|access-date=1 August 2016}}</ref>
== Sports ==
=== Athletics === {{see also|Para-athletics classification}}
In athletics, LAF1 competitors compete in F51, F52 and F53 events. F51, F52 and F53 are wheelchair athletics classes.<ref name=":02" /><ref name=":152">{{Cite book|url=http://www.colimdo.org/media/2609359/deportistas_sin_adjetivos.pdf|title=Deportistas sin Adjectivos|last=Consejo Superior de Deportes|publisher=Consejo Superior de Deportes|year=2011|location=Spain|language=es-ES|access-date=28 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161104204846/http://www.colimdo.org/media/2609359/deportistas_sin_adjetivos.pdf|archive-date=4 November 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.scottishdisabilitysport.com/sds/index.cfm/sport/classification/sports-specific/ipc-athletics-classification-explained/ |title=IPC Athletics Classification Explained - Scottish Disability Sport |website=www.scottishdisabilitysport.com |access-date=1 August 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716020145/http://www.scottishdisabilitysport.com/sds/index.cfm/sport/classification/sports-specific/ipc-athletics-classification-explained/ |archive-date=16 July 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=International Paralympic Committee|date=June 2009|title=IPC Athletics Classification Project for Physical Impairments: Final Report - Stage 1|url=https://www.comiteparalimpicoportugal.pt/Documentos/Classificacao/Classifica%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20Atletismo.pdf|journal=International Paralympic Committee Governing Committee Reports}}</ref> They have functionality issues in throwing events as a result of mobility issues or spasticity in their throwing arm.<ref name=":15" /> At the 1984 Summer Paralympics, LAF1, LAF2 and LAF3 track athletes had the 60 meters and 400 meter distances on the program.<ref name=":1" /> There was a large range of sportspeople with different disabilities in this class at the 1984 Summer Paralympics.<ref name=":1" />
=== Other sports === {{see also|Para-swimming classification|Para-equestrian classification}}{{see also|Para-archery classification|ARW1}}
This sport is open to swimmers from this class. For swimming with the most severe disabilities at the 1984 Summer Paralympics, floating devices and a swimming coach in the water swimming next to the Paralympic competitor were allowed.<ref name=":1" /> Les Autres competitors can also participate in sitting volleyball. In the past, the sport had a classification system and they were assigned to one of these classes. The rules were later changed to be inclusive of anyone, including Les Autres players, who meet the minimum disability requirement.<ref name=":82">{{Cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2008-09-03/paralympics-categories-explained/497968|title=Paralympics categories explained|date=3 September 2008|website=ABC News|language=en-AU|access-date=31 July 2016}}</ref><ref name=":2022">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dJ6K6D50hSwC|title=Teaching Disability Sport: A Guide for Physical Educators|last=Davis|first=Ronald W.|date=1 January 2011|publisher=Human Kinetics|isbn=9780736082587|language=en}}</ref> Powerlifting is another sport open to people from this class where they compete against others with minimal disability requirements and are segregated based on weight.<ref name=":2022"/><ref name=":1523">{{Cite book|url=http://www.colimdo.org/media/2609359/deportistas_sin_adjetivos.pdf|title=Deportistas sin Adjectivos|last=Consejo Superior de Deportes|publisher=Consejo Superior de Deportes|year=2011|location=Spain|language=es-ES|access-date=28 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161104204846/http://www.colimdo.org/media/2609359/deportistas_sin_adjetivos.pdf|archive-date=4 November 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> Para-equestrian is open to people from this class. Because they use a wheelchair chair, LAF3 riders may be in Grade 1. This grade is typically for people with cerebral palsy, les autres and spinal cord injuries who have severe levels of disability.<ref name="Leading Britain's Conversation">{{Cite web|url=http://www.lbc.co.uk/paralympic-classification-what-do-the-categories-mean-58926|title=Paralympics: What Do The Categories Mean?|website=Leading Britain's Conversation|access-date=28 July 2016}}</ref> Archery is another option. LAF1 classified athletes compete in [[ARST|AR]]W1.<ref name="Leading Britain's Conversation"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://paralympics.org.uk/paralympicsports/archery|title=Paralympic Archery - overview, rules and classification {{!}} British Paralympic Association|website=British Paralympic Association|access-date=31 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160724170805/http://paralympics.org.uk/paralympicsports/archery|archive-date=24 July 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>
== References == {{Portal|Sports}} {{reflist|30em}}
{{Les Autres sport classification}}
{{Disability sports classification}}
[[Category:Les Autres sports classifications]]