Kyabram

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}} {{Use Australian English|date=April 2013}} {{Infobox Australian place | type = town | name = Kyabram | state = vic | image = Kyabram Allan Street 003.JPG | caption = Allan Street, the main street of Kyabram | image_alt = | use_lga_map = yes | relief = | coordinates = {{coord|36|19|0|S|145|03|0|E|display=inline,title}} | pushpin_map_caption = | pushpin_label_position = left | map_alt = | pop = 7543 | pop_year = [[2021 Australian census|2021 Census]] | pop_footnotes = <ref name="abs" /> | poprank = | density = | density_footnotes = | established = 1876 | established_footnotes = | abolished = | gazetted = | postcode = 3620 | elevation = 104.5 | elevation_footnotes = | area = | area_footnotes = | timezone = | utc = | timezone-dst = | utc-dst = | dist1 = 198 | dir1 = | location1 = Melbourne | dist2 = 40 | dir2 = | location2 = Shepparton | dist3 = 44 | dir3 = | location3 = Echuca | lga = Shire of Campaspe | lga2 = City of Greater Shepparton | region = | county = | stategov = [[Electoral district of Murray Plains|Murray Plains]] | fedgov = [[Division of Nicholls|Nicholls]] | url = | maxtemp = 21.8 | maxtemp_footnotes =<ref name="climate">{{cite web |url = https://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_080091_All.shtml |title = Kyabram Climate Statistics (1964-2024) |publisher = [[Bureau of Meteorology]] |access-date = September 28, 2024}} </ref> | mintemp = 8.7 | mintemp_footnotes =<ref name="climate"/> | rainfall = 451.7 | rainfall_footnotes =<ref name="climate"/> | near-n = [[Wyuna, Victoria|Wyuna]] | near-ne = [[Undera]] | near-e = [[Lancaster, Victoria|Lancaster]] | near-se = [[Merrigum]] | near-s = [[Kyabram South]] | near-sw = [[Girgarre]] | near-w = [[Timmering]] | near-nw = [[Kyvalley]] | near = | footnotes = }}

'''Kyabram''' ({{IPAc-en|k|aɪ|ˈ|æ|b|r|ə|m}}) is a town in north central [[Victoria (state)|Victoria]], [[Australia]]. Kyabram is located in the centre of a rich [[irrigation]] district in the [[Goulburn River|Goulburn River Valley]], {{convert|200|km}} north of [[Melbourne]]. The name of the town is thought to derive from a [[Bangerang]] word 'Kiambram' meaning 'thick forest'.<ref>{{cite web |title=Proud past |url=https://bibleofbotany.com/index/glossary-introduction/glossary-page-4/}}</ref>

It is the second-largest town in the [[Shire of Campaspe]], situated between the towns of [[Echuca]] and [[Shepparton]] and is close to the [[Murray River]], Goulburn River, Campaspe River and Waranga Basin. As of the 2021 census the town had a population of 7,416 people and provides services to a district population of around 16,000.<ref name="abs">{{Census 2021 AUS | id = SAL21412 | name = Kyabram (Suburb and Locality) | accessdate = 2024-07-18 | quick = on}}</ref> Surrounding smaller towns include [[Merrigum]], [[Lancaster, Victoria|Lancaster]], [[Undera]], Cooma, Wyuna, Kyvalley, [[Girgarre, Victoria|Girgarre]], [[Stanhope, Victoria|Stanhope]] and [[Tongala]].

==History== The [[Pangerang|Pangerang people]] (also spelled Bangerang) are the original inhabitants of the Goulburn Valley area.<ref>{{cite book |title=Aboriginal Tribes of Australia: Their Terrain, Environmental Controls, Distribution, Limits, and Proper Names |last=Tindale |first=Norman Barnett |year=1974 |author-link=Norman Tindale |publisher= [[ANU Press|Australian National University Press]] |url =https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstreams/accca907-ea47-4eb1-8217-aa5d3184e3a0/download |isbn = 978-0-708-10741-6}}</ref>

Settlement of the township began in the 1870s with the first sale of town blocks held in 1876. Kyabram Post Office opened on 23 September 1878. Sheridan Post Office opened on 1 December 1884. On 8 April 1886, in anticipation of the arrival of the railway at what was then Sheridan, Kyabram was renamed Kyabram East and Sheridan was renamed Kyabram.<ref name = "a">{{Citation| last = Premier Postal History | title = Post Office List | url = https://www.premierpostal.com/cgi-bin/wsProd.sh/Viewpocdwrapper.p?SortBy=VIC&country= | access-date = 2008-04-11 }}</ref> The Kyabram [[Mechanics' Institutes|Mechanics' Institute]] was built in 1891.

[[John Allan (Australian politician)|John Allan]], who lived in Kyabram from 1873, became [[Premier of Victoria]] in 1924 and was Australia's first [[National Party of Australia|Country Party]] premier. Allan was associated with the [[Kyabram Reform Movement]], a conservative political organisation formed at the start of the 20th century and led by Benjamin Goddard, a local businessman.<ref name=goddard>{{cite AuDB |first=W.H. |last=Bossence |title=Benjamin Goddard (1834–1912) |volume=9 |year=1983 |id2=6409 |access-date= 2024-10-04}}</ref> The movement's campaign played a significant role in the downfall of the [[Alexander Peacock|Peacock]] state government in June 1902 and its sound defeat in the subsequent [[1902 Victorian state election|October election]].<ref>{{cite AuDB |first=Alan |last=Gregory |title=Sir Alexander James Peacock (1861–1933) |volume=11 |year=1988 |id2=7994 |access-date= 2024-10-04}}</ref> The incoming [[William Irvine (Australian politician)|Irvine]] government substantially reduced the number of state parliamentarians, a key demand of the movement.<ref name=goddard/>

Kyabram was formally proclaimed a town on 4 July 1973.{{citation needed|date=May 2022}}

The Kyabram Magistrates' Court closed on 1 January 1990.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/images/stories/committees/lawrefrom/legal_services/final_report.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120404125854/http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/images/stories/committees/lawrefrom/legal_services/final_report.pdf | url-status=dead | archive-date=4 April 2012 | title=Review of Legal Services in Rural and Regional Victoria | publisher=Parliament of Victoria Law Reform Committee | date=May 2001 | access-date=12 April 2020 |pages=291–292}}</ref>

== Climate == Kyabram has a [[semi-arid climate#Cold semi-arid climates|semi-arid-influenced]] [[Köppen climate classification#Cfa: humid subtropical climates|humid subtropcial climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen:]] ''Cfa''), with warm to hot, dry summers and cool, rather cloudy winters.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bom.gov.au/climate/maps/averages/climate-classification/?maptype=kpn |title=Climate classification maps: Köppen - all classes |website=[[Bureau of Meteorology]] |access-date = September 28, 2024}}</ref> Mean maximum temperatures vary from {{convert|30.5|C}} in January to {{convert|13.2|C}} in July, and mean minima range from {{convert|14.9|C}} in February to {{convert|3.1|C}} in July.

Annual rainfall is rather low, averaging {{convert|451.7|mm|in|abbr=on}}, and is spread across 104.6 rainy days. The town experiences 110.1 clear days and 91.9 cloudy days per annum. Extreme temperatures have ranged from {{convert|47.1|C}} on 25 January 2019 to {{convert|-7.5|C}} on 21 July 1982.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.farmonlineweather.com.au/climate/station.jsp?lt=site&lc=80091 |title = Kyabram Climate (1964-2024) |website = FarmOnline Weather |access-date = September 28, 2024}}</ref> {{Weather box |location = Kyabram ({{coord|36.34|S|145.06|E}}, 105 m AMSL) (1964–2024) |metric first = Yes |single line = Yes |Jan record high C = 47.1 |Feb record high C = 46.6 |Mar record high C = 40.4 |Apr record high C = 36.6 |May record high C = 26.7 |Jun record high C = 21.4 |Jul record high C = 23.1 |Aug record high C = 26.6 |Sep record high C = 33.9 |Oct record high C = 36.4 |Nov record high C = 43.6 |Dec record high C = 45.3 |Jan high C = 30.5 |Feb high C = 30.1 |Mar high C = 26.8 |Apr high C = 21.9 |May high C = 17.3 |Jun high C = 14.0 |Jul high C = 13.2 |Aug high C = 14.9 |Sep high C = 17.7 |Oct high C = 21.6 |Nov high C = 25.3 |Dec high C = 28.4 |Jan low C = 14.7 |Feb low C = 14.9 |Mar low C = 12.6 |Apr low C = 8.8 |May low C = 6.1 |Jun low C = 3.9 |Jul low C = 3.1 |Aug low C = 3.8 |Sep low C = 5.3 |Oct low C = 7.6 |Nov low C = 10.4 |Dec low C = 12.7 |Jan record low C = 5.0 |Feb record low C = 5.6 |Mar record low C = 3.7 |Apr record low C = -1.5 |May record low C = -2.7 |Jun record low C = -5.0 |Jul record low C = -7.5 |Aug record low C = -5.7 |Sep record low C = -3.1 |Oct record low C = -1.7 |Nov record low C = 1.0 |Dec record low C = 3.7 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 36.7 |Feb precipitation mm = 26.2 |Mar precipitation mm = 30.1 |Apr precipitation mm = 38.1 |May precipitation mm = 41.7 |Jun precipitation mm = 41.0 |Jul precipitation mm = 41.7 |Aug precipitation mm = 42.0 |Sep precipitation mm = 41.3 |Oct precipitation mm = 42.1 |Nov precipitation mm = 37.0 |Dec precipitation mm = 34.1 |year precipitation mm = 451.7 |unit precipitation days = 0.2 mm |Jan precipitation days = 5.0 |Feb precipitation days = 4.1 |Mar precipitation days = 5.1 |Apr precipitation days = 6.4 |May precipitation days = 10.0 |Jun precipitation days = 12.5 |Jul precipitation days = 14.4 |Aug precipitation days = 13.3 |Sep precipitation days = 11.1 |Oct precipitation days = 8.9 |Nov precipitation days = 7.5 |Dec precipitation days = 6.3 |Jan afthumidity = 34 |Feb afthumidity = 36 |Mar afthumidity = 39 |Apr afthumidity = 48 |May afthumidity = 60 |Jun afthumidity = 68 |Jul afthumidity = 67 |Aug afthumidity = 61 |Sep afthumidity = 56 |Oct afthumidity = 47 |Nov afthumidity = 39 |Dec afthumidity = 35 |humidity colour = green |Jan dew point C = 9.8 |Feb dew point C = 10.7 |Mar dew point C = 9.7 |Apr dew point C = 8.5 |May dew point C = 8.2 |Jun dew point C = 7.0 |Jul dew point C = 6.2 |Aug dew point C = 6.1 |Sep dew point C = 6.9 |Oct dew point C = 7.3 |Nov dew point C = 7.5 |Dec dew point C = 8.0 |Jan sun = 303.8 |Feb sun = 274.0 |Mar sun = 263.5 |Apr sun = 213.0 |May sun = 161.2 |Jun sun = 135.0 |Jul sun = 136.4 |Aug sun = 161.2 |Sep sun = 195.0 |Oct sun = 238.7 |Nov sun = 270.0 |Dec sun = 306.9 |Jan percentsun = 68 |Feb percentsun = 72 |Mar percentsun = 69 |Apr percentsun = 64 |May percentsun = 51 |Jun percentsun = 46 |Jul percentsun = 44 |Aug percentsun = 48 |Sep percentsun = 55 |Oct percentsun = 59 |Nov percentsun = 64 |Dec percentsun = 68 |source 1 = [[Bureau of Meteorology]]<ref name="climate"/> }}

==Economy== The district is dependent on the primary industries of [[dairy]]ing and fruit [[orchard]]s. [[Henry Jones IXL|Henry Jones]], operate a plant in the town, manufacturing Taylor's branded sauces. Goulburn Valley Creamery, operates out of the same site and produces frozen milk concentrates for export. The town provides engineering, financial advisors, solicitors and accounting services to the district as well as cold storage and specialist dairy services. Kyabram also boasts a family owned Camel dairy unique to Australia.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2017-05-07 |title=Camel Milk Co. Australia rebrands |url=https://insidefmcg.com.au/2017/05/08/camel-milk-co-australia-rebrands/ |access-date=2024-07-18 |website=Inside FMCG |language=en-AU}}</ref> [[Southern Processing Ltd]] and [[Fonterra]] (Stanhope) also have food processing plants nearby. Kyabram is home to the Kyabram Fauna Park.

==Facilities== Medical and aged care services in the town include a 46-bed hospital, a 30-bed home for the aged, infant welfare centre, ambulance station, several doctors, 3-dental clinics, podiatry clinic and other health practitioners. A residential drug and alcohol rehab. Kyabram also has 2 ovals (Northern Oval Sports Reserve and Kyabram Recreation Reserve), A local police station and volunteer CFA station.

==Education== Kyabram has combined three state schools ([[Kyabram P-12 College|Kyabram Secondary College]], Dawes Rd (Demolished) and Haslem St Primary Schools) to one P-12 school containing three campuses (Dawes, Haslem and Fisher). Kyabram also has a Catholic primary and secondary school (St Augustine's College), two kindergartens and the Kyabram Community & Learning Centre providing community services and adult learning opportunities for the people of Kyabram and the surrounding region.

Kyabram also has their own "Blue Light" for young people.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Police run programs for young people in the Kyabram community |url=https://www.bluelight.org.au/kyabram-blue-light/ |access-date=2023-09-22 |website=Blue Light Victoria |language=en-AU}}</ref> Kyabram Blue Light was headed up by Senior Constable Mitchell Bull, who was named Campaspe Shire's Citizen of the Year 2022.<ref>[https://www.campaspe.vic.gov.au/Our-council/News-media/Latest-news/2022-Australia-Day-award-winners]</ref>

==Media== The local newspaper is called the ''Kyabram Free Press'', a part of the McPherson media group in the region, with a circulation of roughly 3,300 copies<ref>Victorian Country Press Association 2008</ref>

In [[Kath & Kim]], Episode 3 (The Moon) Kath and Kel win a mystery flight to Kyabram due to Kim running up Kath's credit card. Although Kath is excited, claiming "I love Kyabram!" unfortunately the couple never makes it there due to flight delays.<ref>Kath & Kim, Episode 3</ref>

==Attractions== Attractions include the [[Kyabram Fauna Park]] (now part of zoo's Victoria), a {{convert|55|ha|adj=mid}} reserve housing five hundred species of wildlife. There are free-roaming [[kangaroo]]s and [[emu]]s, hides to observe a variety of water birds and a new splash water park.

Kyabram holds the annual Bush Market festival in the month of November where Allan Street is closed down and the local businesses extend their hours of availability. During the festival the locals enjoy pop up marquees, food, wine, beer, and live music.

== Sport == [[File:Kyabram Airfield overview Vabre.jpg|thumb|right|Kyabram Airfield, 2010]]

Popular sports in Kyabram include [[Australian rules football]] and [[cricket]]. The local football team is known as the Bombers and competes in the [[Goulburn Valley Football Netball League]].<ref name="d">{{Citation|last=Full Points Footy |title=Kyabram |url=http://www.fullpointsfooty.net/Kyabram.htm |access-date=2008-07-25 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080724163302/http://www.fullpointsfooty.net/kyabram.htm |archive-date=24 July 2008}}</ref> Netball and soccer are also popular in Kyabram.

horse harness racers, race and practice at the Kyabram Racecourse.

Golfers play at the Kyabram Valley View Golf and Bowls Club on Curr Road, Mount Scobie,<ref name="golf">{{cite web |title=Kyabram Valley View Golf & Bowls Club |url=http://www.golfselect.com.au/armchair/courseView.aspx?course_id=1004 |publisher=GOLFSelect |access-date=2009-05-11 }}</ref> or at the Kyabram Parkland Golf Club, the home of the Victorian Par 3 Amateur Championships, on Racecourse Road.<ref name="kygolf">{{cite web |title=Kyabram Parkland Golf Club |publisher=Nicole |url=https://www.kyabramparklandgc.com.au/ |access-date=2024-10-04}}</ref>

==Notable residents== {{Div col}}

* [[John Allan (Australian politician)|John Allan]] - [[Premier of Victoria]] (1924-1927), Australia's first [[National Party of Australia|Country Party]] premier. * [[Felice Arena]] – author * [[Dulcie Boling]] – magazine editor * [[Molly Meldrum]] - Australian music critic, journalist, record producer and musical entrepreneur * [[Allan Bryce]] – [[Australian rules football]]er * [[Julia Crockett-Grills]] – Australian rules footballer and Kyabram's first [[AFL Women's]] player * [[Brett Deledio]] – Australian rules footballer * [[Dot Edis]] – decorated nurse.<ref>{{Citation |last=Gare |first=Deborah |title=Edis, Margaret Dorothy (Dot) (1890–1981) |work=Australian Dictionary of Biography |url=https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/edis-margaret-dorothy-dot-12453 |access-date=2023-09-22 |place=Canberra |publisher=National Centre of Biography, Australian National University |language=en}}</ref> * [[Richard Farleigh]] – financial investor * [[Jim Higgs]] – cricketer * [[Nick Holman]] – Australian rules footballer * [[Cynna Kydd]] – netball player * [[Joe Langtry]] – Federal Member of Parliament for the [[Division of Riverina]] (1940-1949) * [[Garry Lyon]] – Australian rules footballer * [[Joe Matera]] – musician * [[Tom McCluskey]] – Australian rules footballer * [[Russell McDonald]] – Member of [[Victorian Legislative Assembly]] for the [[Electoral district of Rodney|District of Rodney]] (1964-1973) * [[Hugh McKenzie (Australian politician)|Hugh McKenzie]] – Member of Victorian Legislative Assembly for the District of Rodney (1904-1917) * [[Declan O'Rourke]] - Irish singer-songwriter who resided in Kyabram in his childhood, and whose debut album is titled ''[[Since Kyabram]]''. * [[Kayne Pettifer]] – Australian rules footballer * [[Hugh Edward Ryan]] – priest * [[Allan Salisbury]] – cartoonist * [[Arch Shields]] – Australian rules footballer * [[Barrie Vagg]] – Australian rules footballer {{div col end}}

==References== {{reflist}}

==External links== {{Commons category-inline}} *[http://www.kyabramtown.com.au/ Kyabram information] *[http://www.arts.monash.edu.au/ncas/multimedia/gazetteer/list/kyabram.html Kyabram history] * [https://quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/quickstat/SSC21404#:~:text=In%20the%202016%20Census%2C%20there,up%202.1%25%20of%20the%20population.&text=The%20median%20age%20of%20people,State%20Suburbs)%20was%2045%20years]

[[Category:Towns in Victoria (state)]] [[Category:City of Greater Shepparton]]