{{Short description|City in Kostanay Region, Kazakhstan}} {{More citations needed|date=March 2021}} {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}} {{Infobox settlement | official_name = Kostanay | native_name = {{nativename|kk|italic=no|Qostanai}} | motto = | image_skyline = {{multiple image | perrow=1/2/2 | border=infobox | total_width=280 | image1=Rustam Minnikhanov in Kostanay (2017-07-07) 01.jpg{{!}}Regional administration building | image2=Maral mosque.jpg{{!}}Maral Ishan Mosque | image3=КРУ им. А. Байтурсынова (Костанай).jpg{{!}}Ahmet Baitursynuly Kostanay Regional University | image4=People's house.jpg{{!}}Department of Culture of the Kostanay Region Akimat | image5=Yaushevs.jpg{{!}}Historical museum | caption1=Regional administration | caption2=Maral Ishan Mosque | caption3=Kostanay Regional University | caption4=Department of Culture | caption5=Historical museum }} | image_flag = Flag of Kostanay.png | image_seal = Kostanay city seal.png | image_map = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = Kazakhstan | pushpin_label_position = bottom | pushpin_mapsize = 280 | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Kazakhstan | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_type1 = Region | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name = Kazakhstan | subdivision_name1 = Kostanay Region | subdivision_name2 = | established_title = Founded | established_date = 1879 | established_title2 = Incorporated {{small|(city)}} | established_date2 = 1893 | government_type = | leader_title = Akim {{small|(mayor)}} | leader_name = Marat Zhundubaev | area_total_km2 = 240 | population_as_of = 2009 | population_footnotes = | population_total = 214,916 | population_density_km2 = auto | timezone = Asia/Qostanay | utc_offset = +5 | timezone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | coordinates = {{coord|53.20|63.62|region:KZ|display=inline,title}} | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_min_m = 125 | elevation_max_m = 185 | postal_code_type = Postal code | postal_code = 110000 | area_code = +7 7142<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.almaly.almaty.kz/page.php?page_id=93&lang=2&news_id=483 |title=CODE OF ACCESS |access-date=5 October 2007 |archive-date=14 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814121849/http://www.almaly.almaty.kz/page.php?page_id=93&lang=2&news_id=483 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | registration_plate = P | website = {{URL|gov.kz/memleket/entities/kostanai-kalasy-akimat}} | footnotes = | name = | native_name_lang = kz | other_name = | settlement_type = City }} '''Kostanay'''{{efn|{{bulletedlist|{{langx|kk|Қостанай|Qostanai}}, {{IPA|kk|qʰostʰɑnɑ́j|pron|Kk-kostanay.ogg}}|{{langx|ru|Костанай|Kostanaj}}, {{IPA|ru|kəstɐˈnaj|pron}}|{{IPAc-en|lang|ˌ|k|ɒ|s|t|ə|ˈ|n|aɪ}} {{respell|KOST|ə|NY}}}}}} is a city located on the Tobol River in northern Kazakhstan. It is the administrative center of the Kostanay Region. As of 24 March 2022, the city's governor is Marat Zhundubayev.<ref>{{cite web |title=New Governor of Kostanay named |url=https://www.kt.kz/eng/politics/new_governor_of_kostanay_named_1377931233.html |website=Kazakhstan Today |access-date=16 June 2022}}</ref>
==History== The area formed part of the Kazakh Khanate, and was defended from raids of the Nogai Horde and Khanate of Sibir in the 15th and 16th centuries.<ref name=kne308>{{cite book|title=Казахстан. Национальная энциклопедия|volume=3|year=2005|location=Almaty|publisher=Қазақ энциклопедиясы|language=ru|page=308|isbn=9965-9746-4-0}}</ref>
[[File:Соборная мечеть Костаная (Мечеть имени Марал-ишана) в начале XX века.jpg|thumb|left|Maral Ishan Mosque in the early 20th century]] Kostanay was founded by Russian settlers in 1879 and named Nikolaevsk, in honor of Tsar Nicholas II.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://visitkazakhstan.kz/en/guide/information/9/13/|title=Kostanay city|website=visitkazakhstan.kz|access-date=6 October 2015|archive-date=21 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191021061145/https://visitkazakhstan.kz/en/guide/information/9/13/|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 1888, the town had more than 3,000 inhabitants involved in the building of a mill and a brewery, which are still operational. In 1893, Kustanay was granted city status.
In 1912–13, a southern branch of the Siberian Railway was built connecting Kostanay with Troitsk and Chelyabinsk, and the city established regular trade links with central Russia, and the local industry developed.<ref>{{cite book|title=Казахстан. Национальная энциклопедия|volume=3|year=2005|location=Almaty|publisher=Қазақ энциклопедиясы|language=ru|pages=308–309|isbn=9965-9746-4-0}}</ref> The Red Army took control in 1918 and changed the city's name to Kustanay. A horse stud farm was established in the 1920s.<ref>{{cite book|title=Казахстан. Национальная энциклопедия|volume=3|year=2005|location=Almaty|publisher=Қазақ энциклопедиясы|language=ru|page=284|isbn=9965-9746-4-0}}</ref> In 1922, the Kazakh newspaper ''Auyl'' ({{lang|kk|Ауыл}}) began publishing.<ref name=kne308/> The Kustanay Region was established in 1936 with its administrative center in Kustanay.<ref>{{cite book|title=Казахстан. Национальная энциклопедия|volume=3|year=2005|location=Almaty|publisher=Қазақ энциклопедиясы|language=ru|page=309|isbn=9965-9746-4-0}}</ref> The Kostanay Regional State Archive and Kostanay Regional Philharmonic were founded in 1936 and 1944, respectively.<ref>{{cite book|title=Казахстан. Национальная энциклопедия|volume=3|year=2005|location=Almaty|publisher=Қазақ энциклопедиясы|language=ru|pages=309, 312|isbn=9965-9746-4-0}}</ref> During World War II, in connection with the formation of the Polish Anders' Army, a Polish diplomatic post was located in the city from January to July 1942.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Ceranka|first1=Paweł|last2=Szczepanik|first2=Krzysztof|year=2020|title=Urzędy konsularne Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej 1918–1945. Informator archiwalny|language=pl|location=Warszawa|publisher=Naczelna Dyrekcja Archiwów Państwowych, Ministerstwo Spraw Zagranicznych|page=203|isbn=978-83-65681-93-5}}</ref>
Six years after the fall of Soviet Union, Kazakhstan renamed it to Kostanay. In 2009, the city population was {{Kz-census2009| 214,916|punct=.}}
==Geographic location== The city is located in the steppe zone in the north of the Turgay plateau, in the south-eastern part of the West Siberian Plain, on the Tobol River, 571 km north-west of Astana city (704 km along the highway). The nearest city with at least a million inhabitants is Chelyabinsk in Russia, located 260 km north-west of Kostanay.
==Public institutions== In Kostanay, there are five institutions of higher education. There are also 22 high schools, which educate over 12,200 students. The state network of culture lists 381 libraries, 201 club establishments, 8 museums, and 2 theatres. Athletic facilities include 2 sports arenas, 26 stadiums, 10 sports complexes and 567 sports halls.
==Climate== Kostanay has a warm-summer humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification: ''Dfb''), with very warm, dry summers and frigid, snowy winters. The average July temperature is {{convert|20.8|°C|°F|1|disp=or}} and that in January {{convert|−14.9|°C|°F|1|disp=or}}, although sharp changes in temperature during the day are characteristic. Average wind speed is {{convert|3.2|m/s|km/h mph knots}}, mainly from the south in winter and from the north in summer. Precipitation averages around {{convert|335|mm|in|1|disp=or}} with a summer maximum. The average annual humidity is 71 percent and the growing season averages about 170 days. {{Weather box |width = auto |location = Kostanay (1991–2020, extremes 1902–present) |metric first = yes |single line = yes |Jan record high C = 3.4 |Feb record high C = 3.8 |Mar record high C = 16.6 |Apr record high C = 30.6 |May record high C = 38.6 |Jun record high C = 41.0 |Jul record high C = 42.5 |Aug record high C = 39.9 |Sep record high C = 37.4 |Oct record high C = 28.6 |Nov record high C = 15.0 |Dec record high C = 6.8 |year record high C = 42.5 |Jan high C = -10.6 |Feb high C = -9.0 |Mar high C = -1.4 |Apr high C = 11.7 |May high C = 21.1 |Jun high C = 26.0 |Jul high C = 26.8 |Aug high C = 25.5 |Sep high C = 19.0 |Oct high C = 10.4 |Nov high C = -1.0 |Dec high C = -8.4 |year high C = 9.2 |Jan mean C = -14.9 |Feb mean C = -14.0 |Mar mean C = -6.3 |Apr mean C = 5.9 |May mean C = 14.5 |Jun mean C = 19.7 |Jul mean C = 20.8 |Aug mean C = 19.0 |Sep mean C = 12.6 |Oct mean C = 5.1 |Nov mean C = -5.0 |Dec mean C = -12.5 |year mean C = 3.7 |Jan low C = -19.3 |Feb low C = -18.7 |Mar low C = -11.0 |Apr low C = 0.5 |May low C = 7.9 |Jun low C = 13.2 |Jul low C = 14.9 |Aug low C = 13.1 |Sep low C = 7.1 |Oct low C = 0.7 |Nov low C = -8.5 |Dec low C = -16.7 |year low C = -1.4 |Jan record low C = -45.8 |Feb record low C = -47.8 |Mar record low C = -37.3 |Apr record low C = -24.0 |May record low C = -9.5 |Jun record low C = -2.2 |Jul record low C = 2.9 |Aug record low C = -0.7 |Sep record low C = -8.7 |Oct record low C = -23.0 |Nov record low C = -37.6 |Dec record low C = -44.5 |year record low C = -47.8 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 18.0 |Feb precipitation mm = 16.7 |Mar precipitation mm = 20.1 |Apr precipitation mm = 25.8 |May precipitation mm = 37.1 |Jun precipitation mm = 37.3 |Jul precipitation mm = 51.9 |Aug precipitation mm = 38.6 |Sep precipitation mm = 26.9 |Oct precipitation mm = 30.9 |Nov precipitation mm = 24.0 |Dec precipitation mm = 24.2 |year precipitation mm = |Jan snow depth cm = 22 |Feb snow depth cm = 26 |Mar snow depth cm = 23 |Apr snow depth cm = 3 |May snow depth cm = 0 |Jun snow depth cm = 0 |Jul snow depth cm = 0 |Aug snow depth cm = 0 |Sep snow depth cm = 0 |Oct snow depth cm = 0 |Nov snow depth cm = 4 |Dec snow depth cm = 13 |year snow depth cm = 26 |Jan humidity = 82 |Feb humidity = 81 |Mar humidity = 81 |Apr humidity = 68 |May humidity = 58 |Jun humidity = 57 |Jul humidity = 64 |Aug humidity = 64 |Sep humidity = 64 |Oct humidity = 73 |Nov humidity = 82 |Dec humidity = 82 |year humidity = 71 |Jan rain days = 0 |Feb rain days = 0 |Mar rain days = 3 |Apr rain days = 7 |May rain days = 13 |Jun rain days = 11 |Jul rain days = 12 |Aug rain days = 12 |Sep rain days = 11 |Oct rain days = 9 |Nov rain days = 4 |Dec rain days = 1 |year rain days = 83 |Jan snow days = 19 |Feb snow days = 16 |Mar snow days = 12 |Apr snow days = 4 |May snow days = 1 |Jun snow days = 0.1 |Jul snow days = 0 |Aug snow days = 0 |Sep snow days = 0.3 |Oct snow days = 5 |Nov snow days = 13 |Dec snow days = 18 |year snow days = 88 |Jan sun = 96 |Feb sun = 141 |Mar sun = 201 |Apr sun = 251 |May sun = 296 |Jun sun = 322 |Jul sun = 321 |Aug sun = 283 |Sep sun = 210 |Oct sun = 139 |Nov sun = 90 |Dec sun = 78 |year sun = 2428 |Jand sun = 3.1 |Febd sun = 5.0 |Mard sun = 6.5 |Aprd sun = 8.4 |Mayd sun = 9.6 |Jund sun = 10.7 |Juld sun = 10.4 |Augd sun = 9.1 |Sepd sun = 7.0 |Octd sun = 4.5 |Novd sun = 3.0 |Decd sun = 2.5 |yeard sun = 6.7 |source 1 = Pogoda.ru.net<ref name="pogoda">{{cite web | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161125142014/http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/climate/28952.htm | archive-date = 25 November 2016 | url = http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/climate/28952.htm | title = Weather and Climate - The Climate of Kostanay | access-date = 8 November 2021 | publisher = Weather and Climate (Погода и климат) | language = ru}}</ref> |source 2 = NOAA (sun, 1961–1990),<ref name = NOAA > {{cite web | url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1961-1990/TABLES/REG_II/KS/28952.TXT | title = Kustanai (Kostanay) Climate Normals 1961–1990 | publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | access-date = 8 November 2021}}</ref> Deutscher Wetterdienst (daily sun 1961-1990)<ref> {{cite web | url = http://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_289520_kt.pdf | title = Klimatafel von Kustanai / Kasachstan | publisher = Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure | access-date = 17 September 2016}} </ref> }}
==Culture== thumb|left|upright=0.6|Coin with Kostanay coat of arms Kostanay has a rich historical-cultural heritage. The regional center includes a Sunni mosque, the Regional Administration Building, Kostanay State University, the Kostanay Regional Memorial Museum of Altynsarin, the Kazakh Drama Theatre, Central Square and a railway station. Historical monuments include the Ybyrai Altynsarin monument, the Akhmet Baitursynov monument, a memorial dedicated to victims of the Second World War, the "Execution wall" (where Alexander Kolchak's army officers were executed by Red Army soldiers), and the Alexander Pushkin monument.
The city has 173 monuments of historical and cultural significance. Of these, 3 are of republican significance, 48 local, 25 obelisks and busts and 97 memorial plaques.[http://kostanay.kostanay.gov.kz/o-gorode/pasport-goroda/ <nowiki>[3]</nowiki>]
==Transportation== [[File:Soyuz TMA-06M crew members are greeted at the Kustanay Airport.jpg|thumb|right|Soyuz TMA-06M crew members are greeted at the Kostanay Airport]] Kostanay is connected by road with the following cities in Russia: Chelyabinsk, Magnitogorsk, Troitsk, Yekaterinburg, Kurgan and Tyumen. It is also connected to Kokshetau, Astana and Almaty in Kazakhstan. Fifty-three railway stations carry passengers and cargo from the city. Oil is delivered by rail from Russia as well as oil refineries in Kazakhstan.
Kostanay International Airport handles common and charter flights to many cities in Kazakhstan, former Soviet republics, Germany (Frankfurt and Hanover), the United Arab Emirates, Turkey, and other countries. The airport also functions as a local port of entry and customs checkpoint.
==Sport== [[File:Центральный стадион г. Костанай.jpg|thumb|Kostanay Central Stadium, home venue of FC Tobol]] Kostanay is home to the FC Tobol football club, based in the Kostanay Central Stadium, which participates in the Kazakhstan Super League. Kostanay also has a basketball team, BK Tobol Kostanay, which participates in the Kazakhstan Basketball Cup. The city has an ice rink for winter sports, and in 2016, a team participated in the national bandy championship in Khromtau for junior players born in 1999–2000.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://hromtau.aktobe.gov.kz/ru/node/31458 |title=С 21 по 24 января 2016г. на стадионе «Горняк» г. Хромтау стартовал Чемпионат Республики Казахстан по хоккею с мячом среди юниоров 1999-2000 г.р. |website=Hromtau.aktobe.gov.kz |access-date=5 September 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160412100032/http://hromtau.aktobe.gov.kz/ru/node/31458 |archive-date=12 April 2016 }}</ref>
==Notable people== <!---♦♦♦ Only add a person to this list if they already have their own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦---> <!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦---> *Petr Kostenko, chess Grandmaster *Syrbai Maulenov (1922–1993), Kazakhstani poet
==Twin towns – sister cities== {{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Asia#Kazakhstan|l1=List of twin towns and sister cities in Kazakhstan}} Kostanay is twinned with:<ref name=almaty>{{cite web |title=Есть ли побратимы у Актау и других городов Казахстана|url=https://tumba.kz/zhizn-regiona/11-zhizn-regiona/43012-Est_li_pobratimy_u_Aktau_i_drugih_gorodov_Kazahstan.html|website=tumba.kz|publisher=Tumba|language=ru|date=4 May 2019|access-date=30 November 2020}}</ref> *{{flagicon|ENG}} Kirklees, England, United Kingdom
==Notes== {{notelist}}
==References== {{reflist}}
==External links== *[http://ingvarr.net.ru/photo/132 Photos of Kostanay]
{{Kostanay Region}} {{Cities of Kazakhstan}}
{{Authority control}}
Category:Cities and towns in Kazakhstan Category:Populated places established in 1879 Category:Populated places in Kostanay Region Category:Kustanaysky Uyezd