{{short description|German World War II flying ace (1911–1944)}} {{Use dmy dates|date= July 2018}} {{Use American English|date=July 2018}} {{Infobox military person |name=Kurt Ubben |image=Kurt Ubben.jpg |image_size=150 |caption=Ubben as a ''Hauptmann'' |birth_date={{birth date|1911|11|18|df=y}} |death_date={{death date and age|1944|4|27|1911|11|18|df=y}} |birth_place= [[Dorstadt]], [[Kingdom of Prussia]], [[German Empire]] |death_place= near [[Fère-en-Tardenois]], [[German-occupied France]] |death_cause=[[Killed in action]] |burial_place=[[Saint-Désir-de-Lisieux German war cemetery]], Normandy |nickname="Kuddel" |allegiance={{flag|Weimar Republic}}<br />{{flag|Nazi Germany}} |branch= {{plainlist| *{{navy|Weimar Republic}} (1931–35) *{{air force|Nazi Germany}} (1935–44) }} |service_years=1931–1944 |rank=''[[Major (Germany)|Major]]'' (major) |commands= 8./[[JG 77]], III./[[JG 77]], [[JG 53]], [[JG 2]] |unit=[[Gorch Fock (1933)|SSS ''Gorch Fock'']]<br />[[JGr 186]], [[JG 77]], [[JG 53]], [[JG 2]] |battles={{hidden |''See battles'' |{{plainlist| *[[World War II]] *:[[Invasion of Poland]] *:[[Battle of Britain]] *:[[Eastern Front (World War II)|Eastern Front]] **:[[Operation Barbarossa]] *:[[North African campaign]] *:[[Defense of the Reich]] {{KIA}} }} |- |headerstyle=background:#dbdbdb |style=text-align:center; }} |awards=[[Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves]] |other_work= }}
'''Kurt "Kuddel" Ubben''' (18 November 1911 – 27 April 1944) was a German [[Luftwaffe]] [[wing commander (rank)|wing commander]] and [[military aviation|military aviator]] during [[World War II]], a [[fighter ace]] listed with 110 aerial victories—that is, 111 aerial combat encounters resulting in the destruction of the enemy aircraft—claimed in approximately 500 combat missions.
Born in [[Dorstadt]], Ubben volunteered for military service with the ''[[Reichsmarine]]'' in 1931. He transferred to the Luftwaffe of [[Nazi Germany]] in 1935. Following flight training, he was posted to ''Jagdgruppe'' 186 (JG 186—186 Fighter Group) and later to [[Jagdgeschwader 77|''Jagdgeschwader'' 77]] (JG 77—77th Fighter Wing). He claimed his first aerial victory during the [[Battle of France]] on 10 May 1940. In July 1940, he was appointed ''[[Staffelkapitän]]'' (squadron leader) of 8. ''[[Organization of the Luftwaffe (1933–1945)#Staffel|Staffel]]'' (8th squadron) of JG 77. With this unit, Ubben then fought in the [[Battle of Greece]] and [[Operation Barbarossa]], the German invasion of the Soviet Union. He was awarded the [[Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross]] on 4 September 1941 and was given command of III. ''[[Organization of the Luftwaffe (1933–1945)#Gruppe|Gruppe]]'' (3rd group) of JG 77 two days later. His unit transferred to the [[North African Campaign|North African Theatre]] of operations, taking part in the retreat from Tunisia to Sicily and Italy. He received the [[Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves]] on 23 July 1942 and claimed his 101st aerial victory in January 1943.
In March 1944, Ubben was appointed ''[[Geschwaderkommodore]]'' (wing commander) of [[Jagdgeschwader 2|''Jagdgeschwader'' 2]] "Richthofen" (JG 2—2nd Fighter Wing), tasked with [[defense of the Reich]] missions. He was [[killed in action]] in aerial combat with [[United States Army Air Forces]] [[356th Fighter Group]] near [[Fère-en-Tardenois]], France on 27 April 1944.
==Early life and career== Ubben, the son of an officer in the [[Imperial German Navy]], was born on 18 November 1911 in [[Dorstadt]], at the time in the [[Province of Hanover]] of the [[Kingdom of Prussia]], of the [[German Empire]]. On 1 October 1931, he joined the military service with the ''[[Reichsmarine]]'', the German Navy during the [[Weimar Republic]]. During his service with the ''Reichsmarine'', he went on a cruise on board the [[school ship]] [[Gorch Fock (1933)|''Gorch Fock'']]. On 1 April 1935, Ubben transferred to the newly emerging [[Luftwaffe]] of [[Nazi Germany]] and was trained as a naval aviator in 1935/36.{{sfn|Stockert|2012|p=378}}{{refn|Flight training in the Luftwaffe progressed through the levels A1, A2 and B1, B2, referred to as A/B flight training. A training included theoretical and practical training in aerobatics, navigation, long-distance flights and dead-stick landings. The B courses included high-altitude flights, instrument flights, night landings and training to handle the aircraft in difficult situations. For pilots destined to fly multi-engine aircraft, the training was completed with the Luftwaffe Advanced Pilot's Certificate (''Erweiterter Luftwaffen-Flugzeugführerschein''), also known as the C-Certificate.{{sfn|Bergström|Antipov|Sundin|2003|p=17}}|group="Note"}}
On 1 September 1936, Ubben was transferred to 1. ''[[Organization of the Luftwaffe (1933–1945)#Staffel|Staffel]]'' (1st squadron) of [[Jagdgeschwader 136|''Jagdgeschwader'' 136]] (JG 136—136th Fighter Wing), and in November was posted to the newly created II. ''[[Organization of the Luftwaffe (1933–1945)#Gruppe|Gruppe]]'' (2nd group) of ''Jagdggruppe'' 186 (II./186—186th Fighter Group).<ref group="Note">For an explanation of the meaning of Luftwaffe unit designation see [[Organization of the Luftwaffe (1933–1945)|Organization of the Luftwaffe during World War II]].</ref> This group, also known as the ''Trägerjagdgruppe'' (Carrier Fighter Group), was destined to be stationed on the aircraft carrier ''{{ship|German aircraft carrier|Graf Zeppelin||2}}'' which was never completed.{{sfn|Stockert|2012|p=378}} II./186 (T) initially consisted of two squadrons, 4./186 (T) equipped with the [[Junkers Ju 87]] [[dive bomber]],{{refn|The suffix 'T' denotes ''Träger'' (carrier) in German use.|group="Note"}} and 6./186 (T), a fighter squadron to which Ubben was assigned.{{sfn|Prien|1992|p=48}} At the time, 6./186 (T) was equipped with the [[Messerschmitt Bf 109]]B, the [[Messerschmitt Bf 109 variants#Bf 109T|carrier variant Bf 109 T-1]] was not available, and trained at [[Travemünde]] on a mockup carrier landing deck. On 15 July 1939, II./186 (T) was augmented by a third squadron, designated 5./186 (T) to which Ubben was transferred.{{sfn|Prien|1992|p=51}}
==World War II== World War II in Europe began on Friday, 1 September 1939, when German forces [[Invasion of Poland|invaded Poland]]. In preparation, 5./186 (T) had been moved to Brüsterort, near [[Königsberg]] on 22 August.{{sfn|Prien|1992|p=65}} In the early morning hours of 1 September, 5./186 (T) flew its first combat missions, providing fighter protection for 4./186 (T) attacking the naval base of the [[Polish Navy]] at [[Hel, Poland|Hel]] and for the old German battleship ''[[German battleship Schleswig-Holstein|Schleswig-Holstein]]'' bombarding the Polish military transit depot at [[Battle of Westerplatte|Westerplatte]] in the [[Free City of Danzig]] on the [[Baltic Sea]].{{sfn|Prien|1992|p=73}} The next, II./186 (T) flew further bomber escort missions and was withdrawn from this theater on 6 September, relocating to [[Hage]], [[East Frisia]].{{sfn|Prien|1992|pp=75, 81}}
[[File:Geschwaderwappen Jagdgeschwader 77.svg|thumb|left|upright=0.6|JG 77 insignia|alt=red heart in black square]] On 1 May 1940, Ubben was promoted to ''[[Leutnant]]'' (second lieutenant) with a rank age dated back to 1 October 1936, and at the same time received the rank of ''[[Oberleutnant]]'' (first lieutenant) of the [[Military reserve force|reserves]] with a rank age dated back to 1 June 1939.{{sfn|Stockert|2012|p=378}} His first aerial victory was over a Dutch [[Fokker D.XXI]] fighter claimed over the Netherlands on 10 May 1940, the opening day of the [[Battle of France]].{{sfn|Weal|1996b|p=45}} This earned him the [[Iron Cross]] 2nd Class ({{lang|de|Eisernes Kreuz zweiter Klasse}}) that day.{{sfn|Stockert|2012|p=379}} In support of [[Operation Weserübung]], the Germany assault on Denmark and Norway, II./186 (T) was ordered to relocate to Norway on 2 June. There it augmented II. ''Gruppe'' of [[Jagdgeschwader 77|''Jagdgeschwader'' 77]] (JG 77—77th Fighter Wing) and was based at Trondheim.{{sfn|Prien|1992|p=226}}
Following the decision by [[Adolf Hitler]] to halt work on the aircraft carrier ''Graf Zeppelin'',{{sfn|Whitley|1985|p=30}} II./186 (T) was redesignated and became the III. ''Gruppe'' of JG 77.{{sfn|Prien|1992|p=242}} In consequence, Ubben's ''Staffel'' 5./186 (T) became the 8. ''Staffel'' of JG 77 which was headed by ''Oberleutnant'' Lorenz Weber.{{sfn|Prien|1995|p=2376}} On 22 July 1940, Ubben was made ''[[Staffelkapitän]]'' (squadron leader) of 8. ''Staffel'' of JG 77 after his predecessor Weber was [[killed in action]] the day before.{{sfn|Prien|1992|pp=244, 246}} A week later, III. ''Gruppe'' was withdrawn from this theater of operations and relocated to [[Dallgow-Döberitz|Döberitz]] where it was tasked with fighter protection of [[Berlin]].{{sfn|Prien|1992|p=246}} In November, JG 77 was ordered to the [[English Channel]] to continue fighting the [[Royal Air Force]] (RAF) in the aftermath of the [[Battle of Britain]].{{sfn|Prien|1992|p=437}} 8. ''Staffel'' moved to an airfield at [[Cherbourg-en-Cotentin]] on 30 November.{{sfn|Prien|1992|p=446}}
===Balkan and Battle of Crete=== In preparation for [[German invasion of Greece|Operation Marita]], the German invasion of Greece, III. ''Gruppe'' of JG 77 was moved to [[Deta, Romania|Deta]] in western Romania on 4 April 1941.{{sfn|Prien|1992|pp=482–483, 487}} Ubben claimed a [[No. 33 Squadron RAF|No. 33 Squadron]] [[Hawker Hurricane]] fighter near [[Larissa]] on 19 April, although his Bf 109 E-7 (''Werknummer'' 5198—factory number) was badly damaged in the engagement and Ubben forced-landed behind Allied lines near Doblatan.{{sfn|Prien|1992|pp=525–526}} He was rescued by a [[Fieseler Fi 156|Fieseler Fi 156 Storch]] and flown back to his unit. No. 33 Squadron claimed four Bf 109s during the battle, though only three were brought down. Among the claimants was RAF ace [[Marmaduke Pattle]], who claimed two Bf 109s shot down. Ubben may have been one of his victims.{{sfn|Shores|Cull|2008|p=263}} III. ''Gruppe'' followed the German advance and relocated to [[Almyros]] on 22 April and to [[Tanagra]] on 27 April.{{sfn|Prien|1992|pp=536, 547}} The conquest of Greece was completed on 30 April and JG 77, starting a brief period of rest and maintenance for JG 77.{{sfn|Prien|1992|p=551}}
In support of [[Battle of Crete|Operation Merkur]], the German invasion of Crete, III. ''Gruppe'' was moved to an airfield at [[Molaoi]] on 11 May.{{sfn|Prien|1992|p=560}} During the battle, Ubben also carried out many ground-attack and fighter-bomber operations against Allied naval forces during mid-1941. On 22 May, Ubben and ''Oberleutnant'' [[Wolf-Dietrich Huy]] claimed hits on the [[Royal Navy]] battleship {{HMS|Warspite|03|6}}.{{sfn|Shores|Cull|2008|p=357}}{{sfn|Scutts|1994|p=57}} A bomb damaged her starboard 4-inch and 6-inch batteries,{{sfn|Churchill|1985|p=257}} ripped open the ship's side and killed 38 men.{{sfn|Ballantyne|2013|p=133}} The following day, JG 77 sank five Royal Navy [[motor torpedo boat]]s (MTB).{{sfn|Bertke|Smith|Kindell|2009|p=509}} ''MTB 67'', ''MTB 213'', ''MTB 214'', ''MTB 216'', and ''MTB 217'' were sunk in the [[Souda Bay]], including one by Ubben.{{sfn|Prien|1992|p=598}}
===Eastern Front=== In preparation for [[Operation Barbarossa]], the German invasion of the Soviet Union, III. ''Gruppe'' was moved to [[Bucharest]] and was located in the sector of [[Army Group South|''Heeresgruppe Süd'']] (Army Group South). III. ''Gruppe'' arrived in Bucharest on 16 June.{{sfn|Prien|1993|p=628}} Four days later, III. ''Gruppe'' moved to [[Roman, Bulgaria|Roman]].{{sfn|Prien|1993|p=630}} That evening, the pilots and ground crews were briefed of the upcoming invasion of the Soviet Union, which opened the [[Eastern Front (World War II)|Eastern Front]].{{sfn|Prien|1993|p=632}} On 22 June, the first day of the invasion, Ubben claimed a [[Polikarpov I-16]] fighter destroyed on a fighter escort mission for [[Heinkel He 111]] bombers from III. ''Gruppe'' of [[Kampfgeschwader 27|''Kampfgeschwader'' 27]] (KG 27—27th Bomber Wing) attacking a Soviet airfield at [[Bălți]].{{sfn|Prien|1993|p=638}} On 26 June, he claimed four Soviet bombers shot down.{{sfn|Weal|2001|p=28}} On 2 July in support of the German and Romanian [[Operation München]], III. ''Gruppe'' moved to an airfield at [[Iași]].{{sfn|Prien|1993|p=660}}
Ubben claimed his 21st aerial victory on 25 July. He was awarded the [[Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross]] ({{Lang|de|Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes}}) in September for 32 aerial victories, 26 aircraft destroyed on the ground and some 15 armoured vehicles claimed destroyed. In September 1941, Ubben was appointed ''[[Gruppenkommandeur]]'' (group commander) of III. ''Gruppe'' of JG 77. He replaced ''Oberleutnant'' Huy who had temporarily led the ''Gruppe'' after its former commander, ''Major'' Akexander von Winterfeld, had been transferred on 2 August.{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2003b|p=358}}{{sfn|Page|2020|p=70}} Ubben was credited with his 50th aerial victory on 19 October 1941 over a [[Lavochkin-Gorbunov-Gudkov LaGG-3]] fighter.{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2003b|p=373}} On 9 December, he claimed four aerial victories over the [[Mius-Front]].{{sfn|Bergström|Mikhailov|2001|p=23}}
On 1 February 1942, Ubben was promoted to ''[[Hauptmann]]'' (captain) and became an active officer.{{sfn|Stockert|2012|p=379}} He was awarded the [[Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves]] ({{Lang|de|Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit Eichenlaub}}) on 12 March 1942 for 69 victories.{{sfn|Weal|2007|p=25}} He was the 80th member of the German armed forces to be so honored.{{sfn|Stockert|2012|p=379}} On 20 March, III. ''Gruppe'' was withdrawn from the Eastern Front and sent to Germany for a period of rest and replenishment. All serviceable aircraft were handed over to II. ''Gruppe''.{{sfn|Prien|1993|p=946}} During this leave, Ubben was presented the Oak Leaves to his Knight's Cross on 5 April 1942 by Hitler at the [[Führer Headquarters|''Führer'' Headquarter]] ''[[Wolf's Lair|Wolfsschanze]]'' in [[Kętrzyn|Rastenburg]] (now Kętrzyn in Poland). Also present at the award ceremony were the fighter pilots ''Hauptmann'' [[Hans Philipp]] who received the Swords and ''Oberleutnant'' [[Max-Hellmuth Ostermann]] who also received the Oak Leaves to the Knight's Cross.{{sfn|Steinecke|2012|p=25}} In mid-April, the ''Gruppe'' reunited again at [[Wien-Aspern Airport|Wien-Aspern Airfield]] where they received 40 factory new Bf 109 F4/R1 aircraft. On 5 May, the ''Gruppe'' began its relocation back to the Eastern Front to participate in Operation Fredericus, the [[Second Battle of Kharkov]].{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2006|p=326}}
===Mediterranean Theater and Romania=== On 23 October 1942, the British [[Eighth Army (United Kingdom)|Eighth Army]] launched the [[Second Battle of El Alamein]]. Preceding this attack, the Luftwaffe had already planned to replace [[Jagdgeschwader 27|''Jagdgeschwader'' 27]] (JG 27—27th Fighter Wing), which had been fighting in [[North African campaign|North African theater]], with JG 77.{{sfn|Prien|1994|p=1293}} In preparation for this rotation, III. ''Gruppe'' of JG 77 was moved to [[Munich]] on 19 October where it was equipped with the Bf 109 G-2/trop. On 23 and 24 October, the ''Gruppe'' moved to [[Bari]] in southern Italy.{{sfn|Prien|1994|p=1296}} The ''Gruppe'' then relocated to [[Tobruk Airport|Tobruk Airfield]] on 26 October.{{sfn|Prien|1994|p=1298}} The following day, the ''Gruppe'' moved to an airfield at Tanyet-Harun.{{sfn|Prien|1994|p=1301}} Ubben claimed his first aerial victory in this theater of operation on 3 November. According to Prien in 1994, Ubben claimed his 93rd aerial victory over a Hurricane fighter shot down on a fighter escort mission for Ju 87 dive bombers to [[El Alamein]] between 06:50 and 07:40.{{sfn|Prien|1994|p=1317}} A newer source written by Prien, Stemmer, Rodeike and Bock in 2004 lists Ubben with a claim over a [[Curtiss P-40 Warhawk]] fighter shot down at 14:10 southwest of [[RAF El Daba|El Daba]].{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2004|p=331}}
Ubben claimed his 100th victory on 14 January 1943.{{sfn|Scutts|1994|p=56}} That day, he claimed two P-40 fighters shot down.{{sfn|Shores|Massimello|Guest|2012|pp=496–500}} He was the 33rd Luftwaffe pilot to achieve the century mark.{{sfn|Obermaier|1989|p=244}} In June, III. ''Gruppe'' moved to Chilivani on [[Sardinia]].{{sfn|Molesworth|2011|p=56}} On 1 October, Ubben claimed a [[Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress]] shot down in the vicinity of [[Livorno]], Italy. According to Graham, the B-17 was an aircraft from the [[301st Bombardment Group]], [[352d Bombardment Squadron]], lost in the vicinity of [[Lucca]].{{sfn|Graham|2011|p=85}} That day, he was promoted to ''[[Major (Germany)|Major]]'' (major).{{sfn|Stockert|2012|p=379}} When the ''[[Geschwaderkommodore]]'' (wing commander) of JG 77, ''Oberstleutnant'' [[Johannes Steinhoff]], went on vacation on 3 October, Ubben temporarily was put in command of JG 77, leading the ''Geschwader'' from the command post in [[Albano Laziale|Albano]].{{sfn|Prien|1994|p=1761}}
In October and November, in addition to his obligations as ''Gruppenkommandeur'', Ubben also became the acting ''Geschwaderkommodore'' of [[Jagdgeschwader 53|''Jagdgeschwader'' 53]] (JG 53—53rd Fighter Wing) until he handed over command to ''Oberstleutnant'' [[Helmut Bennemann]].{{sfn|Prien|1991|p=1653}} On 24 October, Ubben received orders to move III. ''Gruppe'' to Romania. Leaving all aircraft in Italy, the ''Gruppe'' went to [[Mizil]] the next day by train.{{sfn|Prien|1994|p=1761}} There, it provided aerial protection over the [[Ploiești]] oilfields. In Mizil, the Gruppe was equipped with the then outdated Bf 109 G-2, newer variants were unavailable. Training flight operations began on 12 November.{{sfn|Prien|1995|p=2014}} On 19 January 1944, ''[[General der Jagdflieger]]'', ''Generalmajor'' [[Adolf Galland]] visited Ubben at Mizil. Galland stressed the importance of the Ploiești fields to the German war effort. He requested the pilots of III. ''Gruppe'' to sign an order stating, in case of a last resort, they would have to perform [[aerial ramming]] in [[Oil campaign of World War II#Ploiești oilfield|defense of the oil fields]].{{sfn|Prien|1995|p=2026}}
===Wing commander and death=== [[File:Deutscher Soldatenfriedhof Saint-Désir-de-Lisieux - Kurt Ubben.jpg|thumb|right|His grave at the [[Saint-Désir-de-Lisieux German war cemetery]].]] On 2 March 1944, ''Oberstleutnant'' [[Egon Mayer]], ''Geschwaderkommodore'' of [[Jagdgeschwader 2|''Jagdgeschwader'' 2]] "Richthofen" (JG 2—2nd Fighter Wing) was killed in action in aerial combat with [[United States Army Air Forces]] (USAAF) fighter aircraft. In consequence, Ubben succeeded Mayer in this command position. JG 2 "Richthofen", named after World War I fighter ace [[Manfred von Richthofen]], was based in France and was engaged in [[Defense of the Reich]]. Ubben left his former III. ''Gruppe'' on 10 March, assuming his new command in March 1944.{{sfn|Weal|1996a|p=56}}{{sfn|Weal|2000|p=106}} Ubben left III. ''Gruppe'' of JG 77 on 10 March. Command of the ''Gruppe'' was handed to ''Hauptmann'' [[Emil Omert]]. Omert at the time was still with II. ''Gruppe'' of JG 77 and in consequence III. ''Gruppe'' was briefly led by ''Hauptmann'' Karl Bresoschek.{{sfn|Prien|1995|p=2035}}{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Bock|Balke|2021|p=430}}
On 27 April 1944, Ubben engaged American [[Republic P-47 Thunderbolt]] fighters near [[Fère-en-Tardenois]]. In the ensuing combat, Ubben was shot down in [[Focke-Wulf Fw 190]] A-8/R2. He bailed out but his parachute failed to open either due to insufficient altitude or because of an improperly fastened harness.{{sfn|Weal|2000|p=106}} Ubben is interred at the [[Saint-Désir-de-Lisieux German war cemetery]].{{sfn|Stockert|2012|p=379}} He was succeeded by ''Major'' [[Kurt Bühligen]], later promoted to ''Oberstleutnant'', as commander of JG 2.{{sfn|Weal|2000|p=118}}
==Summary of career==
===Aerial victory claims=== According to US historian [[David T. Zabecki]], Ubben was credited with 111 aerial victories.{{sfn|Zabecki|2019|p=330}} Spick lists Ubben with 110 aerial victories, of which 90 were claimed over the Eastern Front and further 20 over the Western Front, North Africa and Mediterranean theater, claimed in an unknown number of combat missions.{{sfn|Spick|1996|p=232}} Mathews and Foreman, authors of ''Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims'', researched the [[German Federal Archives]] and found documentation for 93 aerial victory claims, plus 13 further unconfirmed claims. This number includes 16 on the Western Front, including one four-engined bomber, and 77 on the Eastern Front.{{sfn|Mathews|Foreman|2015|pp=1341–1343}}
Victory claims were logged to a map-reference (PQ = ''Planquadrat''), for example "PQ 17692". The Luftwaffe grid map ({{lang|de|Jägermeldenetz}}) covered all of Europe, western Russia and North Africa and was composed of rectangles measuring 15 [[Minute of arc|minutes]] of [[latitude]] by 30 minutes of [[longitude]], an area of about {{Convert|360|sqmi|sqkm}}. These sectors were then subdivided into 36 smaller units to give a location area {{Convert|3|x|4|km|mi|abbr=on|sp=us}} in size.{{sfn|''Planquadrat''}}
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders collapsible" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; text-align:right; width: 100%;" |- ! colspan="12" | Chronicle of aerial victories |- | colspan="12" style="text-align: left;" | {{legend|#e3d9ff|This and the – (dash) indicates unconfirmed aerial victory claims for which Ubben did not receive credit.|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend|#faecc8|This and the ? (question mark) indicates information discrepancies listed by Prien, Stemmer, Rodeike, Bock, Mathews and Foreman.|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend|#ffdead|This and the ! (exclamation mark) indicates those aerial victories listed by Prien, Stemmer, Rodeike and Bock.|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend|#97ffb6|This and the # (hash mark) indicates those aerial victories listed by Mathews and Foreman.|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} |- !scope="col" style="background:#ffdead" | Claim! !scope="col" style="background:#97ffb6" | Claim# !scope="col" | Date !scope="col" | Time !scope="col" width="100px" | Type !scope="col" | Location !scope="col" style="border-left: 3px solid grey; background:#ffdead" | Claim! !scope="col" style="background:#97ffb6" | Claim# !scope="col" | Date !scope="col" | Time !scope="col" width="100px" | Type !scope="col" | Location |- ! colspan="12" | – 5. ''Staffel'' of ''Jagdggruppe'' 186 (''Trägergruppe'') –{{sfn|Mathews|Foreman|2015|p=1341}}<br /><small>Battle of France — 10 May – 1 June 1940</small> |- | 1 | 1 | 10 May 1940 | 06:50 | [[Fokker D.XXI|D.XXI]] | De Kooy{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2001|p=396}} | style="border-left: 3px solid grey;" | | 2 | 19 May 1940 | 05:05 | [[Lockheed Hudson|Hudson]] | |- ! colspan="12" | – 8. ''Staffel'' of ''Jagdgeschwader'' 77 –{{sfn|Mathews|Foreman|2015|p=1341}}<br /><small>Balkans and Crete — 1 April – 1 June 1941</small> |- | 2 | 3 | 19 April 1941 | 11:20 | [[Hawker Hurricane|Hurricane]] | {{Convert|25|km|mi|abbr=on}} north of [[Lamia (city)|Lamia]]{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2003a|p=293}} | style="border-left: 3px solid grey;" | | | | | | |- ! colspan="12" | – 8. ''Staffel'' of ''Jagdgeschwader'' 77 –{{sfn|Mathews|Foreman|2015|pp=1341–1342}}<br /><small>Operation Barbarossa — 22 June – 5 December 1941</small> |- | 3 | 4 | 22 June 1941 | 18:58 | [[Polikarpov I-16|I-16]]{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2003b|p=362}} | | style="border-left: 3px solid grey; background:#e3d9ff;" | {{Center|—}} | style="background:#e3d9ff;" | {{Center|—}} | 27 July 1941 | {{Center|—}} | I-16{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2003b|p=365}} | |- | 4 | 5 | 26 June 1941 | 10:45 | [[Ilyushin DB-3|DB-3]]{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2003b|p=362}} | | style="border-left: 3px solid grey;" | 22 | 23 | 31 July 1941 | 12:53 | I-16{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2003b|p=365}} | |- | 5 | 6 | 26 June 1941 | 10:51 | DB-3{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2003b|p=362}} | | style="border-left: 3px solid grey;" | 23 | 24 | 31 July 1941 | 17:00 | [[Potez 25]]{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2003b|p=365}} | |- | 6 | 7 | 26 June 1941 | 11:02 | DB-3{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2003b|p=362}} | | style="border-left: 3px solid grey;" | 24 | 25 | 5 August 1941 | 17:55 | I-16{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2003b|p=367}} | |- | 7 | 8 | 26 June 1941 | 14:47 | DB-3{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2003b|p=362}} | | style="border-left: 3px solid grey;" | 25 | 26 | 5 August 1941 | 18:03 | I-16{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2003b|p=367}} | |- | 8 | 9 | 4 July 1941 | 16:08 | [[Tupolev SB|SB-3]]{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2003b|p=363}} | | style="border-left: 3px solid grey;" | 26 | 27 | 11 August 1941 | 15:48 | I-16{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2003b|p=367}} | |- | 9 | 10 | 4 July 1941 | 18:37 | SB-3{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2003b|p=363}} | | style="border-left: 3px solid grey;" | 27 | 28 | 13 August 1941 | 08:48 | [[Polikarpov I-5|I-5]]{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2003b|p=367}} | |- | 10 | 11 | 8 July 1941 | 18:23 | DB-3{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2003b|p=364}} | | style="border-left: 3px solid grey;" | 28 | 29 | 17 August 1941 | 17:05 | [[Republic Aviation|Seversky]]{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2003b|p=367}} | |- | 11 | 12 | 8 July 1941 | 18:25 | DB-3{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2003b|p=364}} | | style="border-left: 3px solid grey;" | 29 | 30 | 22 August 1941 | 11:00 | [[Polikarpov I-15|I-15]] | PQ 17692{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2003b|p=368}} |- | 12 | 13 | 8 July 1941 | 18:27 | DB-3{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2003b|p=364}} | | style="border-left: 3px solid grey;" | 30 | 31 | 29 August 1941 | 07:05 | DB-3{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2003b|p=368}} | |- | 13 | 14 | 10 July 1941 | 11:13 | [[Polikarpov I-153|I-153]]{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2003b|p=364}} | | style="border-left: 3px solid grey;" | 31 | 32 | 30 August 1941 | 18:45 | I-153{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2003b|p=368}} | |- | 14 | 15 | 10 July 1941 | 11:16 | I-153{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2003b|p=364}} | | style="border-left: 3px solid grey;" | 32 | 33 | 1 September 1941 | 17:41 | DB-3{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2003b|p=369}} | |- | 15 | 16 | 10 July 1941 | 11:18 | I-153{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2003b|p=364}} | | style="border-left: 3px solid grey;" | 33 | 34 | 1 September 1941 | 17:53 | I-16{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2003b|p=369}} | |- | 16 | 17 | 11 July 1941 | 12:39 | [[Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-3|MiG-3]]{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2003b|p=364}} | | style="border-left: 3px solid grey;" | 34 | 35 | 2 September 1941 | 07:40 | [[Petlyakov Pe-2|Pe-2]]{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2003b|p=369}} | |- | 17 | 18 | 21 July 1941 | 12:38 | I-61 (MiG-3){{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2003b|p=365}} | | style="border-left: 3px solid grey;" | 35 | 36 | 4 September 1941 | 05:55 | DB-3{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2003b|p=369}} | |- | 18 | 19 | 22 July 1941 | 12:32 | I-61 (MiG-3){{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2003b|p=365}} | | style="border-left: 3px solid grey;" | 36 | 37 | 5 September 1941 | 05:35 | I-16{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2003b|p=369}} | |- | 19 | 20 | 25 July 1941 | 19:40 | I-153{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2003b|p=365}} | | style="border-left: 3px solid grey;" | 37 | 38 | 26 September 1941 | 16:00 | I-153{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2003b|p=371}} | |- | 20 | 21 | 25 July 1941 | 19:43 | I-153{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2003b|p=365}} | | style="border-left: 3px solid grey;" | 38 | | 29 September 1941 | 11:02 | [[Kharkiv KhAI-5|R-10]]{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2003b|p=371}} | |- | 21 | 22 | 27 July 1941 | 15:42 | I-153{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2003b|p=365}} | | style="border-left: 3px solid grey;" | | | | | | |- ! colspan="12" | – ''Stab'' III. ''Gruppe'' of ''Jagdgeschwader'' 77 –{{sfn|Mathews|Foreman|2015|p=1342}}<br /><small>Operation Barbarossa — 22 June 1941 – 5 December 1941</small> |- | style="background:#e3d9ff;" | {{Center|—}} | style="background:#e3d9ff;" | {{Center|—}} | 1 October 1941 | {{Center|—}} | I-16{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2003b|p=371}} | vicinity of [[Perekop]] | style="border-left: 3px solid grey;" | 47 | | 18 October 1941 | {{Center|—}} | [[Lavochkin-Gorbunov-Gudkov LaGG-3|LaGG-3]]{{sfn|Prien|1995|p=2396}} | |- | 39 | 39 | 2 October 1941 | 11:52 | MiG-3{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2003b|p=371}} | | style="border-left: 3px solid grey;" | 48 | 47 | 19 October 1941 | 12:52 | LaGG-3{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2003b|p=373}} | |- | 40 | 40 | 3 October 1941 | 14:30 | MiG-3{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2003b|p=371}} | | style="border-left: 3px solid grey;" | 49 | 48 | 19 October 1941 | 16:12 | I-15{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2003b|p=373}} | |- | 41 | 41 | 9 October 1941 | 15:08 | MiG-3{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2003b|p=372}} | vicinity of [[Chaplynka]] | style="border-left: 3px solid grey;" | 50 | 49 | 20 October 1941 | 16:08 | LaGG-3{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2003b|p=373}} | |- | 42 | 42 | 9 October 1941 | 15:14 | MiG-3{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2003b|p=372}} | vicinity of Chaplynka | style="border-left: 3px solid grey;" | 51 | 50 | 22 October 1941 | 09:10 | [[Ilyushin Il-2|Il-2]]{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2003b|p=373}} | |- | 43 | 43 | 9 October 1941 | 15:16 | MiG-3 | PQ 3642{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2003b|p=372}}<br />vicinity of Chaplynka | style="border-left: 3px solid grey;" | 52 | style="background:#e3d9ff;" | {{Center|—}} | 23 October 1941 | {{Center|—}} | I-15{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2003b|p=373}} | |- | 44 | 44 | 10 October 1941 | 06:15 | Il-2 | PQ 3784{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2003b|p=372}} | style="border-left: 3px solid grey;" | 53 | 51 | 4 November 1941 | 15:08 | I-153{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2003b|p=374}} | |- | 45 | 45 | 10 October 1941 | 06:30 | MiG-3{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2003b|p=372}} | | style="border-left: 3px solid grey;" | 54 | style="background:#e3d9ff;" | {{Center|—}} | 6 November 1941 | {{Center|—}} | MiG-3{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2003b|p=374}} | |- | 46 | 46 | 11 October 1941 | 14:05 | Pe-2 | PQ 3622{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2003b|p=372}} | style="border-left: 3px solid grey;" | 55 | style="background:#e3d9ff;" | {{Center|—}} | 6 November 1941 | {{Center|—}} | Il-2{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2003b|p=374}} | |- ! colspan="12" | – ''Stab'' III. ''Gruppe'' of ''Jagdgeschwader'' 77 –{{sfn|Mathews|Foreman|2015|p=1342}}<br /><small>Eastern Front — 6 December 1941 – 20 March 1942</small> |- | 56 | 52 | 7 December 1941 | 14:10 | I-15{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2005|p=322}} | | style="border-left: 3px solid grey;" | 63 | 59 | 7 January 1942 | 09:10 | Pe-2 | PQ 5667{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2005|p=323}} |- | 57 | 53 | 9 December 1941 | 09:05 | DB-3{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2005|p=322}} | | style="border-left: 3px solid grey;" | 64 | style="background:#e3d9ff;" | {{Center|—}} | 24 February 1942 | {{Center|—}} | LaGG-3{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2005|p=323}} | |- | 58 | 54 | 9 December 1941 | 12:30 | I-15{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2005|p=322}} | | style="border-left: 3px solid grey;" | 65 | 60 | 2 March 1942 | 09:30 | Il-2 | PQ 5684{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2005|p=323}} |- | 59 | 55 | 9 December 1941 | 12:32 | I-15{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2005|p=322}} | | style="border-left: 3px solid grey;" | 66 | style="background:#e3d9ff;" | {{Center|—}} | 5 March 1942 | {{Center|—}} | I-16{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2005|p=323}} | |- | 60 | 56 | 9 December 1941 | 12:35 | I-15{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2005|p=322}} | | style="border-left: 3px solid grey;" | 67 | 61 | 9 March 1942 | 12:55 | I-153{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2005|p=324}} | |- | 61 | 57 | 11 December 1941 | 13:33 | SB-2{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2005|p=322}} | | style="border-left: 3px solid grey;" | 68 | style="background:#e3d9ff;" | {{Center|—}} | 12 March 1942 | {{Center|—}} | I-153{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2005|p=324}} | |- | 62 | 58 | 31 December 1941 | 10:42 | I-153{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2005|p=322}} | | style="border-left: 3px solid grey;" | 69 | 62 | 17 March 1942 | 12:34 | DB-3{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2005|p=324}} | |- ! colspan="12" | – ''Stab'' III. ''Gruppe'' of ''Jagdgeschwader'' 77 –{{sfn|Mathews|Foreman|2015|pp=1342–1343}}<br /><small>Eastern Front — 1 May – 16 October 1942</small> |- | 70 | 63 | 12 May 1942 | 17:10 | Il-2{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2006|p=351}} | | style="border-left: 3px solid grey;" | 78 | 71 | 6 July 1942 | 18:52 | [[Yakovlev Yak-1|Yak-1]] | Kerch/Taman{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2006|p=353}} |- | 71 | 64 | 27 May 1942 | 15:22 | Pe-2 | PQ 6083{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2006|p=352}} | style="border-left: 3px solid grey;" | 79 | 72 | 9 July 1942 | 11:12 | Yak-1 | PQ 66561{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2006|p=353}} |- | 72 | 65 | 18 June 1942 | 04:00 | LaGG-3 | PQ 35392{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2006|p=352}} | style="border-left: 3px solid grey;" | 80 | 73 | 14 July 1942 | 17:28 | I-16{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2006|p=353}} | |- | 73 | 66 | 18 June 1942 | 15:08 | I-153{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2006|p=352}} | | style="border-left: 3px solid grey;" | | 74 | 22 July 1942 | 09:52 | Yak-1{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2006|p=353}} | |- | 74 | 67 | 1 July 1942 | 17:10 | Yak-1{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2006|p=352}} | | style="border-left: 3px solid grey;" | | 75 | 12 September 1942 | 14:01 | Pe-2 | PQ 10193{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2006|p=353}}<br />{{Convert|65|km|mi|abbr=on}} east-southeast of Sloboda |- | 75 | 68 | 2 July 1942 | 14:44 | Il-2{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2006|p=352}} | | style="border-left: 3px solid grey;" | | 76 | 15 September 1942 | 07:11 | LaGG-3 | PQ 20101{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2006|p=354}}<br />{{Convert|90|km|mi|abbr=on}} east of Vorenezh |- | 76 | 69 | 5 July 1942 | style="background:#faecc8" | 17:20?{{Refn|According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 17:23.{{sfn|Mathews|Foreman|2015|p=1342}}|group="Note"}} | Il-2 | Kerch{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2006|p=352}} | style="border-left: 3px solid grey;" | | 77 | 16 September 1942 | 07:44 | Yak-1 | PQ 00254{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2006|p=354}} |- | 77 | 70 | 5 July 1942 | 17:23 | Il-2 | PQ 66823{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2006|p=352}} | style="border-left: 3px solid grey;" | | | | | | |- | colspan="12" style="text-align: center" | According to Prien, Stemmer, Rodeike and Bock, Ubben claimed one additional victory in February/March, and three further victories in July/September.{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2006|p=354}} |- | 89 | 78 | 21 September 1942 | 11:15 | Pe-2 | PQ 10161{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2006|p=354}}<br />{{Convert|60|km|mi|abbr=on}} east-southeast of Sloboda | style="border-left: 3px solid grey;" | 91 | 80 | 30 September 1942 | 11:30 | Yak-1 | PQ 0026{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2006|p=354}} |- | 90 | 79 | 26 September 1942 | 14:52 | LaGG-3 | PQ 00262{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2006|p=354}} | style="border-left: 3px solid grey;" | | | | | | |- ! colspan="12" | – ''Stab'' III. ''Gruppe'' of ''Jagdgeschwader'' 77 –{{sfn|Mathews|Foreman|2015|p=1343}}<br /><small>North Africa — 26 October – 31 December 1942</small> |- | 92 | style="background:#e3d9ff;" | {{Center|—}} | 3 November 1942 | 14:10 | [[Curtiss P-40 Warhawk|P-40]] | southwest of [[RAF El Daba|El Daba]]{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2004|p=331}} | style="border-left: 3px solid grey;" | 95 | style="background:#e3d9ff;" | {{Center|—}} | 11 December 1942 | 09:40 | P-40 | west of [[Brega|Marsa al-Brega]]{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2004|p=331}} |- | 93 | style="background:#e3d9ff;" | {{Center|—}} | 5 November 1942 | style="background:#faecc8" | 14:10?{{Refn|According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 14:30.{{sfn|Mathews|Foreman|2015|p=1343}}|group="Note"}} | Hurricane | west of [[Fouka, Egypt|Fouka]]{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2004|p=331}} | style="border-left: 3px solid grey;" | 96 | style="background:#e3d9ff;" | {{Center|—}} | 13 December 1942 | 13:00 | P-40 | east of [[Nofaliya]]/Merduma{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2004|p=331}} |- | 94 | 81 | 7 November 1942 | 16:20 | Hurricane | PQ 61664{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2004|p=331}} | style="border-left: 3px solid grey;" | 97 | 82 | 15 December 1942 | 10:55 | P-40 | PQ 03 Ost 8181{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2004|p=331}} |- ! colspan="12" | – ''Stab'' III. ''Gruppe'' of ''Jagdgeschwader'' 77 –{{sfn|Mathews|Foreman|2015|p=1343}}<br /><small>North Africa — 1 January – May 1943</small> |- | 99 | 83 | 10 January 1943 | 11:00 | [[Lockheed P-38 Lightning|P-38]] | west of Wadi Tamet{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2011|p=533}} | style="border-left: 3px solid grey;" | 103 | 87 | 4 February 1943 | 15:10 | P-38 | PQ 03 Ost 85682, southwest [[El Guettar, Tunisia|El Guettar]]{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2011|p=534}} |- | 100 | 84 | 14 January 1943 | 11:15 | P-40 | PQ 13 Ost 43593, southwest of [[Zliten]]{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2011|p=533}} | style="border-left: 3px solid grey;" | 104 | 88 | 8 February 1943 | 12:49 | P-38 | PQ 03 Ost 95673, west of [[Skhira]]{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2011|p=534}} |- | 101 | 85 | 14 January 1943 | 16:25 | P-40 | PQ 13 Ost 51181, south of Bir el Gheddahia{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2011|p=534}} | style="border-left: 3px solid grey;" | 105 | 89 | 8 February 1943 | 13:01 | P-38 | PQ 03 Ost 95751, south of [[Sened, Tunisia|Sened]]{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2011|p=534}} |- | | 86 | 18 January 1943 | 14:22 | P-38 | PQ 52112 | style="border-left: 3px solid grey;" | 106 | 90 | 15 February 1943 | 12:01 | Spitfire | {{Convert|30|km|mi|abbr=on}} southwest of [[Sidi Bouzid]]{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2011|p=534}} |- | 102 | | 28 January 1943 | {{Center|—}} | P-40{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2011|p=534}} | | style="border-left: 3px solid grey;" | | style="background:#e3d9ff;" | {{Center|—}} | 6 May 1943 | 10:50 | P-38{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2003b|p=371}} | {{Convert|10|-|15|km|mi|abbr=on}} west of [[Cap Bon]] |- ! colspan="12" | – ''Stab'' III. ''Gruppe'' of ''Jagdgeschwader'' 77 –{{sfn|Mathews|Foreman|2015|p=1343}}<br /><small>Italy — June – 25 October 1943</small> |- | 107 | 91 | 24 June 1943 | 09:55 | P-38 | PQ 04 Ost 81593, west of [[Bosa]]{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2011|p=535}} | style="border-left: 3px solid grey;" | 109 | 93 | 1 October 1943 | 11:55 | [[Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress|B-17]] | PQ 14 Ost 04195, vicinity of [[Livorno]]{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2011|p=535}} |- | 108 | 92 | 24 June 1943 | 10:15 | P-38 | PQ 04 Ost 7039{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2011|p=535}} | style="border-left: 3px solid grey;" | 110 | | 21 October 1943 | 11:35 | P-38 | PQ 14 1347{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2011|p=535}} |}
===Awards=== * [[Iron Cross]] (1939) ** 2nd Class (10 May 1940){{sfn|Thomas|1998|p=395}} ** 1st Class (August 1940){{sfn|Thomas|1998|p=395}} * [[German Cross]] in Gold on 9 December 1941 as ''[[Oberleutnant]]'' in the 8./''Jagdgeschwader'' 77{{sfn|Patzwall|Scherzer|2001|p=482}} * [[Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves]] ** Knight's Cross on 4 September 1941 as ''Oberleutnant'' and ''[[Staffelkapitän]]'' of the 8./''Jagdgeschwader'' 77{{sfn|Scherzer|2007|p=753}}{{sfn|Fellgiebel|2000|p=427}} ** 80th Oak Leaves on 12 March 1942 as ''[[Hauptmann]]'' and ''[[Gruppenkommandeur]]'' of the III./''Jagdgeschwader'' 77{{sfn|Scherzer|2007|p=753}}{{sfn|Fellgiebel|2000|p=59}}
===Promotions=== {| | 1 May 1940: || ''[[Leutnant]]'' (second lieutenant) with a rank age dated back to 1 October 1936{{sfn|Stockert|2012|p=378}} |- | 1 May 1940: || ''[[Oberleutnant]]'' (first lieutenant) of the [[Military reserve force|reserves]] with a rank age dated back to 1 June 1939{{sfn|Stockert|2012|p=378}} |- | 1 February 1942: || ''[[Hauptmann]]'' (captain){{sfn|Stockert|2012|p=379}} |- | 1 October 1943: || ''[[Major (Germany)|Major]]'' (major){{sfn|Stockert|2012|p=379}} |}
==Notes== {{Reflist|group="Note"}}
==References==
===Citations=== {{Reflist|25em}}
===Bibliography=== {{Refbegin|30em}} * {{Cite book |last=Ballantyne |first=Iain |title=Warspite, From Jutland Hero to Cold War Warrior |publisher=Pen & Sword Maritime |location=Barnsley, UK |year=2013 |isbn=978-1-84884-350-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5dNX612zp1gC }} * {{Cite web |last=Bergström |first=Christer |author-link=:sv:Christer Bergström |work=Identifying a Luftwaffe Planquadrat |title=Bergström Black Cross/Red Star website |url=http://www.bergstrombooks.elknet.pl/bc-rs/planquadrat.htm |access-date=8 July 2018 |ref={{sfnRef|''Planquadrat''}} |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181222042030/http://www.bergstrombooks.elknet.pl/bc-rs/planquadrat.htm |archive-date=22 December 2018 |url-status=dead }} * {{Cite book |last1=Bergström |first1=Christer |author-link1=:sv:Christer Bergström |last2=Mikhailov |first2=Andrey |year=2001 |title=Black Cross / Red Star—The Air War Over the Eastern Front, Volume II, Resurgence January–June 1942 |location=Pacifica, California |publisher=Pacifica Military History |isbn=978-0-935553-51-2 }} * {{Cite book |last1=Bergström |first1=Christer |author-link1=:sv:Christer Bergström |last2=Antipov |first2=Vlad |last3=Sundin |first3=Claes |year=2003 |title=Graf & Grislawski – A Pair of Aces |location=Hamilton MT |publisher=Eagle Editions |isbn=978-0-9721060-4-7 }} * {{Cite book |last1=Bertke |first1=Donald A |last2=Smith |first2=Gordon |last3=Kindell |first3=Don |year=2009 |title=World War II Sea War, Volume 3: The Royal Navy is Bloodied in the Mediterranean |location=Dayton, Ohio |publisher=Bertke Publisher |isbn=978-1-937470-01-2 }} * {{Cite book |last=Churchill |first=Winston S. |year=1985 |title=The Gathering Storm: The Second World War Volume I |publisher=Houghton Mifflin Harcourt |isbn=978-0-39541-055-4 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/gatheringstorm00chur_0 }} * {{Cite book |last=Fellgiebel |first=Walther-Peer |author-link=:de:Walther-Peer Fellgiebel |year=2000 |orig-year=1986 |title=Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939–1945 — Die Inhaber der höchsten Auszeichnung des Zweiten Weltkrieges aller Wehrmachtteile |trans-title=The Bearers of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939–1945 — The Owners of the Highest Award of the Second World War of all Wehrmacht Branches |language=de |location=Friedberg, Germany |publisher=Podzun-Pallas |isbn=978-3-7909-0284-6 }} * {{Cite book |last=Graham |first=Patti |year=2011 |title=Mission Reports |publisher=[[Lulu.com]] |isbn=978-1-257-98498-5 }} * {{Cite book |last1=Mathews |first1=Andrew Johannes |last2=Foreman |first2=John |year=2015 |title=Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims — Volume 4 S–Z |location=Walton on Thames |publisher=Red Kite |isbn=978-1-906592-21-9 }} * {{Cite book |last=Molesworth |first=Carl |year=2011 |title=P-40 Warhawk vs Bf 109, MTO 1942–44 |series=Duel |volume=38 |location=Oxford, UK |publisher=[[Osprey Publishing]] |isbn=978-1-84908-469-7 }} * {{Cite book |last=Obermaier |first=Ernst |year=1989 |title=Die Ritterkreuzträger der Luftwaffe Jagdflieger 1939 – 1945 |trans-title=The Knight's Cross Bearers of the Luftwaffe Fighter Force 1939 – 1945 |language=de |location=Mainz, Germany |publisher=Verlag Dieter Hoffmann |isbn=978-3-87341-065-7 }} * {{Cite book |last=Page |first=Neil |year=2020 |title=Day Fighter Aces of the Luftwaffe 1939–42 |location=Philadelphia, PA |publisher=[[Casemate Publishers]] |isbn=978-1-61200-849-3 }} * {{Cite book |last1=Patzwall |first1=Klaus D. |last2=Scherzer |first2=Veit |year=2001 |title=Das Deutsche Kreuz 1941 – 1945 Geschichte und Inhaber Band II |trans-title=The German Cross 1941 – 1945 History and Recipients Volume 2 |language=de |location=Norderstedt, Germany |publisher=Verlag Klaus D. Patzwall |isbn=978-3-931533-45-8 }} * {{Cite book |last=Prien |first=Jochen |year=1991 |title=Pik-As: Geschichte des Jagdgeschwaders 53 — 3 — Das Ende in Italien 1944, Rumänien, Ungarn 1944/45, Einsatz zur Verteidigung des Reiches 1943–1945 |trans-title=Ace of Spades: History of the Fighter Wing 53 — 3 — The End in Italy 1944, Romania, Hungary 1944/45, Defense of the Reich 1943–1945 |language=de |location=Eutin, Germany |publisher=Struve-Druck |isbn=978-3-923457-16-8 }} * {{Cite book |last=Prien |first=Jochen |year=1992 |title=Geschichte des Jagdgeschwaders 77—Teil 1—1934–1941 |trans-title=History of Jagdgeschwader 77—Volume 1—1934–1941 |language=de |location=Eutin, Germany |publisher=Struve-Druck |isbn=978-3-923457-19-9 }} * {{Cite book |last=Prien |first=Jochen |year=1993 |title=Geschichte des Jagdgeschwaders 77—Teil 2—1941–1942 |trans-title=History of Jagdgeschwader 77—Volume 2—1941–1942 |language=de |location=Eutin, Germany |publisher=Struve-Druck |isbn=978-3-923457-22-9 }} * {{Cite book |last=Prien |first=Jochen |year=1994 |title=Geschichte des Jagdgeschwaders 77—Teil 3—1942–1943 |trans-title=History of Jagdgeschwader 77—Volume 3—1942–1943 |language=de |location=Eutin, Germany |publisher=Struve-Druck |isbn=978-3-923457-26-7 }} * {{Cite book |last=Prien |first=Jochen |year=1995 |title=Geschichte des Jagdgeschwaders 77—Teil 4—1944–1945 |trans-title=History of Jagdgeschwader 77—Volume 4—1944–1945 |language=de |location=Eutin, Germany |publisher=Struve-Druck |isbn=978-3-923457-29-8 }} * {{Cite book |last1=Prien |first1=Jochen |last2=Stemmer |first2=Gerhard |last3=Rodeike |first3=Peter |last4=Bock |first4=Winfried |year=2001 |title=Die Jagdfliegerverbände der deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945 Teil 3—Einsatz in Dänemark und Norwegen 9.4. bis 30.11.1940—Der Feldzug im Westen 10.5. bis 25.6.1940 |trans-title=Fighter Pilot Association of the German Luftwaffe 1934 to 1945 Part 3—Assignments in Denmark and Norway 9 April to 30 November 1940—The campaign in the West 10 May to 25 June 1940 |language=de |publisher=Struve-Druck |isbn=978-3-923457-61-8 }} * {{Cite book |last1=Prien |first1=Jochen |last2=Stemmer |first2=Gerhard |last3=Rodeike |first3=Peter |last4=Bock |first4=Winfried |year=2003a |title=Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 5—Heimatverteidigung—10. Mai 1940 bis 31 Dezember 1941—Einsatz im Mittelmeerraum—Oktober 1940 bis November 1941—Einsatz im Westen—22. Juni bis 31. Dezember 1941—Die Ergänzungsjagdgruppen—Einsatz 1941 bis zur Auflösung Anfang 1942 |trans-title=The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 5—Defense of the Reich—10 May 1940 to 31 December 1941—Action in the Mediterranean Theater—October 1940 to November 1941—Action in the West—22 June to 31 December 1941—The Supplementary Fighter Groups—Action from 1941 until their Breakup in Early 1942 |language=de |location=Eutin, Germany |publisher=Struve-Druck |isbn=978-3-923457-68-7 }} * {{Cite book |last1=Prien |first1=Jochen |last2=Stemmer |first2=Gerhard |last3=Rodeike |first3=Peter |last4=Bock |first4=Winfried |year=2003b |title=Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 6/II—Unternehmen "BARBAROSSA"—Einsatz im Osten—22.6. bis 5.12.1941 |trans-title=The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 6/II—Operation "BARBAROSSA"—Action in the East—22 June to 5 December 1941 |language=de |location=Eutin, Germany |publisher=Struve-Druck |isbn=978-3-923457-70-0 }} * {{Cite book |last1=Prien |first1=Jochen |last2=Stemmer |first2=Gerhard |last3=Rodeike |first3=Peter |last4=Bock |first4=Winfried |year=2004 |title=Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 8/II—Einsatz im Mittelmeerraum—November 1941 bis Dezember 1942 |trans-title=The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 8/II—Action in the Mediterranean Theater—November 1941 to December 1942 |language=de |location=Eutin, Germany |publisher=Struve-Druck |isbn=978-3-923457-74-8 }} * {{Cite book |last1=Prien |first1=Jochen |last2=Stemmer |first2=Gerhard |last3=Rodeike |first3=Peter |last4=Bock |first4=Winfried |year=2005 |title=Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 9/I—Winterkampf im Osten—6.12.1941 bis 30.4.1942 |trans-title=The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 9/I—Winter War in the East—6 December 1941 to 30 April 1942 |language=de |location=Eutin, Germany |publisher=Struve-Druck |isbn=978-3-923457-76-2 }} * {{Cite book |last1=Prien |first1=Jochen |last2=Stemmer |first2=Gerhard |last3=Rodeike |first3=Peter |last4=Bock |first4=Winfried |year=2006 |title=Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 9/III—Vom Sommerfeldzug 1942 bis zur Niederlage von Stalingrad—1.5.1942 bis 3.2.1943 |trans-title=The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 9/III—From the 1942 Summer Campaign to the Defeat at Stalingrad—1 May 1942 to 3 February 1943 |language=de |location=Eutin, Germany |publisher=Struve-Druck |isbn=978-3-923457-78-6 }} * {{Cite book |last1=Prien |first1=Jochen |last2=Stemmer |first2=Gerhard |last3=Rodeike |first3=Peter |last4=Bock |first4=Winfried |year=2011 |title=Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 11/II—Einsatz im Mittelmeerraum—1.1. bis 31.12.1943 |trans-title=The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 11/II—Action in the Mediterranean Theater—1 January to 31 December 1943 |language=de |location=Eutin, Germany |publisher=Struve-Druck |isbn=978-3-942943-00-0 }} * {{Cite book |last1=Prien |first1=Jochen |last2=Stemmer |first2=Gerhard |last3=Bock |first3=Winfried |last4=Balke |first4=Ulf |year=2021 |title=Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 14—Einsatz im Mittelmeerraum—1.1. bis 15.9.1944 |trans-title=The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 14—Action in the Mediterranean Theater—1 January to 15 September 1944 |language=de |location=Eutin, Germany |publisher=Struve-Druck |isbn=978-3-942943-24-6 }} * {{Cite book |last=Scherzer |first=Veit |year=2007 |title=Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945 Die Inhaber des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 von Heer, Luftwaffe, Kriegsmarine, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm sowie mit Deutschland verbündeter Streitkräfte nach den Unterlagen des Bundesarchives |trans-title=The Knight's Cross Bearers 1939–1945 The Holders of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939 by Army, Air Force, Navy, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm and Allied Forces with Germany According to the Documents of the Federal Archives |language=de |location=Jena, Germany |publisher=Scherzers Militaer-Verlag |isbn=978-3-938845-17-2 }} * {{Cite book |last=Scutts |first=Jerry |year=1994 |title=Bf 109 Aces of North Africa and the Mediterranean |series=Aircraft of the Aces |volume=2 |location=London, UK |publisher=[[Osprey Publishing]] |isbn=978-1-85532-448-0 }} * {{Cite book |last1=Shores |first1=Christopher F. |last2=Cull |first2=Brian |title=Air War for Yugoslavia, Greece, and Crete, 1940–41 |year=2008 |publisher=Grub Street |location=London, UK |isbn=978-0-948817-07-6 }} * {{Cite book |last1=Shores |first1=Christopher F. |last2=Massimello |first2=Giovanni |last3=Guest |first3=Russell |year=2012 |title=A History of the Mediterranean Air War, 1940–1945, Volume Two: North African Desert, February 1942 – March 1943 |location=London, UK |publisher=Grub Street |isbn=978-1-909166-12-7 }} * {{Cite book |last=Spick |first=Mike |year=1996 |title=Luftwaffe Fighter Aces |location=New York |publisher=[[Ivy Books]] |isbn=978-0-8041-1696-1 }} * {{Cite book |last=Steinecke |first=Gerhard |year=2012 |title=Ritterkreuzträger Profile Nr. 11 Hans Philipp — Einer von Vielen |trans-title=Knight's Cross Profiles Nr. 11 Hans Philipp — One of Many |language=de |publisher=UNITEC-Medienvertrieb |id={{ASIN| B008AIT9Z6 | country=de| date=4 January 2013}} }} * {{Cite book |last=Stockert |first=Peter |year=2012 |orig-year=1996 |edition=4th |title=Die Eichenlaubträger 1939–1945 Band 1 |trans-title=The Oak Leaves Bearers 1939–1945 Volume 1 |language=de |location=Bad Friedrichshall, Germany |publisher=Friedrichshaller Rundblick |isbn=978-3-9802222-7-3 }} * {{Cite book |last=Thomas |first=Franz |year=1998 |title=Die Eichenlaubträger 1939–1945 Band 2: L–Z |trans-title=The Oak Leaves Bearers 1939–1945 Volume 2: L–Z |language=de |location=Osnabrück, Germany |publisher=Biblio-Verlag |isbn=978-3-7648-2300-9 }} * {{Cite book |last=Weal |first=John |year=1996a |title=Focke-Wulf Fw 190 Aces of the Western Front |series=Aircraft of the Aces |volume=9 |location=Oxford, UK |publisher=[[Osprey Publishing]] |isbn=978-1-85532-595-1 }} * {{Cite book |last=Weal |first=John |year=1996b |title=Bf 109D/E Aces 1939–41 |series=Aircraft of the Aces |volume=11 |location=London, UK |publisher=[[Osprey Publishing]] |isbn=978-1-85532-487-9 }} * {{Cite book |last=Weal |first=John |year=2000 |title=Jagdgeschwader 2 "Richthofen" |series=Aviation Elite Units |volume=1 |location=Oxford, UK |publisher=[[Osprey Publishing]] |isbn=978-1-84176-046-9 }} * {{Cite book |last=Weal |first=John |year=2001 |title=Bf 109 Aces of the Russian Front |series=Aircraft of the Aces |volume=37 |publisher=[[Osprey Publishing]] |location=Oxford, UK |isbn=978-1-84176-084-1 }} * {{Cite book |last=Weal |first=John |year=2007 |title=More Bf 109 Aces of the Russian Front |series=Aircraft of the Aces |volume=76 |location=Oxford, UK |publisher=[[Osprey Publishing]] |isbn=978-1-84603-177-9 }} * {{Cite book |last=Whitley |first=M.J. |title=Warship 33: Graf Zeppelin, Part 2 |location=Annapolis |publisher=United States Naval Institute Press |year=1985 |volume=IX |isbn=978-0-87021-984-9 }} * {{Cite book |editor-last=Zabecki |editor-first=David T. |editor-link=David T. Zabecki |year=2019 |title=The German War Machine in World War II |location=Santa Barbara, California |publisher=[[ABC-Clio]] |isbn=978-1-44-086918-1 }} {{Refend}}
{{s-start}} {{s-mil}} {{succession box |before=''Major'' [[Friedrich-Karl "Tutti" Müller|Friedrich-Karl Müller]] |after=''Oberstleutnant'' [[Helmut Bennemann]] |title=Acting commander of [[Jagdgeschwader 53|''Jagdgeschwader'' 53]] ''Pik As'' |years=October 1943 – November 1943 }} {{succession box |before=''Major'' [[Egon Mayer]] |after=''Oberstleutnant'' [[Kurt Bühligen]] |title=Commander of [[Jagdgeschwader 2|''Jagdgeschwader'' 2]] ''Richthofen'' |years=2 March 1944 – 27 April 1944 }} {{s-end}}
{{Top German World War II Aces}} {{Knight's Cross recipients of JG 77}} {{Subject bar | portal1=Aviation | portal2=Biography }}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ubben, Kurt}} [[Category:1911 births]] [[Category:1944 deaths]] [[Category:Luftwaffe pilots]] [[Category:German World War II flying aces]] [[Category:Luftwaffe personnel killed in World War II]] [[Category:Recipients of the Gold German Cross]] [[Category:Recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves]] [[Category:People from the Harz]] [[Category:Burials at Saint-Désir-de-Lisieux German war cemetery]] [[Category:Reichsmarine personnel]] [[Category:Military personnel from Lower Saxony]] [[Category:People from Wolfenbüttel (district)]] [[Category:Aviators killed by being shot down]]