Kurt Beck

{{short description|German politician (born 1949)|bot=PearBOT 5}} {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}} {{Infobox officeholder | name = Kurt Beck | image = Kurt Beck - Deutschlandfest Bonn 2011-3237 (cropped).jpg | caption = Beck in 2011 | office = Leader of the Social Democratic Party | deputy1 = Frank-Walter Steinmeier<br />Andrea Nahles<br />Peer Steinbrück<br />Bärbel Dieckmann | term_start = 10 April 2006 | term_end = 7 September 2008 | 1blankname = {{nowrap|General Secretary}} | 1namedata = Hubertus Heil | predecessor1 = Matthias Platzeck | successor1 = Frank-Walter Steinmeier (acting) | office2 = Minister-President of Rhineland-Palatinate | deputy2 = {{ubl|Rainer Brüderle|Peter Caesar|Hans-Artur Bauckhage|Jürgen Zöllner|Karl Peter Bruch|Eveline Lemke}} | term_start2 = 26 October 1994 | term_end2 = 15 January 2013 | predecessor2 = Rudolf Scharping | successor2 = Malu Dreyer | office3 = President of the Bundesrat | 1blankname3 = {{nowrap|First Vice President}} | 1namedata3 = Kurt Biedenkopf | term_start3 = 1 November 2000 | term_end3 = 31 October 2001 | predecessor3 = Kurt Biedenkopf | successor3 = Klaus Wowereit {{Collapsed infobox section begin |last=yes |Parliamentary constituencies |titlestyle=border:1px dashed lightgrey;}}{{Infobox officeholder |embed=yes | office4 = Member of the<br />Landtag of Rhineland-Palatinate | term_start4 = 21 May 1991 | term_end4 = 5 February 2013 | predecessor4 = ''Constituency established'' | successor4 = Alexander Schweitzer | constituency4 = Südliche Weinstraße | term_start5 = 18 May 1979 | term_end5 = 21 May 1991 | predecessor5 = ''multi-member district'' | successor5 = ''Constituency abolished'' | constituency5 = Wahlkreis 4{{Collapsed infobox section end}}}} | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1949|02|05|df=yes}} | birth_place = Bad Bergzabern, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany | death_date = | death_place = | party = Social Democratic Party (1972–) | relations = | alma_mater = | occupation = {{hlist|Politician|Radio Engineer|Consultant}} | signature = | website = | footnotes = }} '''Kurt Beck''' (born 5 February 1949) is a German politician of the Social Democratic Party (SPD), who served as the 7th Minister President of Rhineland-Palatinate from 1994 to 2013 and as the 55th President of the Bundesrat in 2000–01. In May 2006, he succeeded Matthias Platzeck as chairman of the German Social Democratic Party (SPD). He resigned from that post in September 2008.

On 28 September 2012, Beck announced his resignation from the post of minister-president. He was succeeded by social minister Malu Dreyer.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.thelocal.de/national/20120928-45247.html |title=Steinbrück: We want to remove this government |access-date=29 September 2012 |archive-date=1 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121001004117/http://www.thelocal.de/national/20120928-45247.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.spiegel.de/politik/deutschland/beck-hoert-als-ministerpraesident-und-spd-chef-in-rheinland-pfalz-auf-a-858667.html|title = Beck hört als Ministerpräsident und SPD-Chef in Rheinland-Pfalz auf|newspaper = Der Spiegel|date = 28 September 2012}}</ref>

Following Peter Struck's death in 2012, Beck – together with Dieter Schulte – became the chair of the Friedrich Ebert Foundation; he served until 2020, when he was replaced with Martin Schulz.<ref>[https://www.fes.de/beitraege/martin-schulz-ist-unser-neuer-vorsitzender Martin Schulz zum Vorsitzenden der Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung e.V. gewählt] Friedrich Ebert Foundation, press release of 14 December 2020.</ref><ref>[https://www.spiegel.de/politik/deutschland/martin-schulz-spd-zum-chef-der-friedrich-ebert-stiftung-gewaehlt-a-adf36b22-f514-401a-a945-52bad7865072 Schulz zum Chef der Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung gewählt] ''Der Spiegel'', 15 December 2020.</ref>

==Early life and career== Beck was born in Bad Bergzabern, Rhineland-Palatinate, to the bricklayer Oskar Beck and his wife Johanna. Both his parents had their roots in the town Kapsweyer in southern Rhenish Palatinate. He grew up in Steinfeld.

From 1963 to 1968, Beck became an electrician. After military duty in 1968 and 1969, he graduated from an evening school in 1972. Since then, he served as an employee representative on works councils.

==Political career== thumb|Angela Merkel and Beck in 2007 After joining the SPD in 1972, mainly because of the Party's programme as well as the personality of Willy Brandt, Beck became chairman of the SPD of Rhineland Palatinate in 1993 and deputy chairman of the federal party in 2003. He served in this function until 14 May 2006.

Beck has been active in local affairs since 1974, when he was first elected a member of the Kreistag. From 1989 to 1994, he was mayor of his hometown Steinfeld. From 1979, he was a directly elected member of the Landtag of Rhineland-Palatinate, in which he served as the speaker for social affairs of the Parliamentary group of the SPD (from 1982 to 1985) and as a member of the governing body of the group from 1985 to 1991, when he was elected chairman.

===Minister-President of Rhineland-Palatinate, 1994–2013=== On 26 October 1994, Beck was elected Minister President of Rhineland-Palatinate, succeeding Rudolf Scharping. He was re-elected three times, in 1996, 2001 and 2006. As Minister President he was known for his centrist approach, which is also apparent from the choice of his coalition partner (the liberal FDP instead of the centre-left Green Party, with which the SPD has recently allied itself). In this respect, he follows the policy of Scharping. In March 2006, Beck's SPD gained an absolute majority in the state elections; Beck offered to continue the coalition but since the FDP declined, the SPD formed a government without a partner. After Edmund Stoiber resigned in 2007, Beck was the senior Minister President in Germany.

During his time in office, Beck's decisions in Rhineland-Palatinate to increase efficiency in the state government via administrative reorganisation, and to introduce full-day schooling and free kindergartens, drew national attention. The state also emerged as one of the country’s top economic performers.<ref>Hugh Williamson (12 May 2006), [https://www.ft.com/content/420a6ef2-e1da-11da-bf4c-0000779e2340 Doubts surround SPD’s down-to-earth new leader] ''Financial Times''.</ref> When the United States Armed Forces closed dozens of camps and barracks with the loss of 100,000 jobs, Beck's government invested heavily in retraining schemes, creating 40,000 new jobs.<ref>Judy Dempsey (10 April 2006), [https://www.nytimes.com/2006/04/10/world/europe/party-chief-resigns-in-germany.html Party chief resigns in Germany] ''New York Times''.</ref>

In 2000 and 2001, Beck was President of the Bundesrat, one of his duties as Minister President.

In September 2012, Beck announced his resignation. He had been under pressure for weeks over the bankruptcy of the Nürburgring motorsports complex in Rhineland-Palatinate, one of the world's most famous race tracks.<ref>[http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/german-state-governor-kurt-beck-expected-to-resign-friday-a-858536.html Theme Park Scandal German State Governor Expected to Resign Friday] ''Spiegel Online'', 28 September 2012.</ref>

===Chairman of the SPD, 2006–2008=== When Matthias Platzeck had to resign for medical reasons in 2006, Beck was officially elected as chairman of the SPD with the approval of 95% of the delegates.<ref>[http://www.bt.dk/nyheder/artikel:aid=440828/ Kurt Beck valgt til formand for tyske socialdemokrater]</ref> He became the party’s fourth chairman in seven years.<ref>Hugh Williamson (12 May 2006), [https://www.ft.com/content/420a6ef2-e1da-11da-bf4c-0000779e2340 Doubts surround SPD’s down-to-earth new leader] ''Financial Times''.</ref>

Beck decided not to join the cabinet and succeed Vice-Chancellor Franz Müntefering because it would have prevented him from criticizing Chancellor Angela Merkel's coalition government.<ref>Judy Dempsey (14 November 2007), [https://www.nytimes.com/2007/11/14/world/europe/14iht-germany.4.8339508.html Merkel's coalition is facing discontent] ''International Herald Tribune''.</ref> According to public opinion polls during his time as party chairman, his possibilities of becoming Chancellor, if he had run for this office in the 2009 election, had been very limited. According to Süddeutsche Zeitung,<ref>[http://www.sueddeutsche.de/deutschland/artikel/141/123964/ SPD-Chef Beck im Tief Viele SPD-Wähler bevorzugen Merkel - Deutschland - sueddeutsche.de] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071103094650/http://www.sueddeutsche.de/deutschland/artikel/141/123964/ |date=3 November 2007 }}</ref> only 16% of Germans would have elected him in the hypothetical case of a direct vote against Angela Merkel.

During his time in office as party leader, Beck most notably negotiated an agreement with Merkel’s Christian Democrats in April 2017 on a partial privatization of national railway Deutsche Bahn's passenger and freight divisions.<ref>[http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/striking-a-deal-german-coalition-agrees-on-deutsche-bahn-privatization-a-550425.html Striking a Deal: German Coalition Agrees on Deutsche Bahn Privatization] Spiegel Online, 29 April 2008.</ref> Meanwhile, Beck's decision in early 2008 to allow regional cooperation with the left-wing populist Left Party in western German state parliaments caused a rift within his party and triggered a slump in opinion poll ratings for the SPD and him personally.<ref>[http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/spd-in-fighting-muentefering-slams-beck-for-left-party-mistake-a-541680.html SPD In-Fighting: Müntefering Slams Beck for Left Party 'Mistake'] ''Spiegel Online'', 15 March 2008.</ref>

On 7 September 2008, Beck resigned as chairman at a party meeting in Werder, Brandenburg and Frank-Walter Steinmeier was chosen as the SPD candidate for Chancellor in the 2009 election, while Franz Müntefering replaced Beck as chairman after an interim of Steinmeier.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090620062732/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-09/08/content_9840654.htm "German SPD party reshuffles leadership, with eye on election"], Xinhua, 7 September 2008.</ref> At the time, he said that he was a victim of intrigue inside the SPD.<ref>[http://www.spd.de/menu/1756309/ demission declaration of Kurt Beck (in German)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080909193205/http://www.spd.de/menu/1756309/ |date=9 September 2008 }}</ref>

==Life after politics== In March 2017, Beck was appointed the government's official commissioner for the victims of the attack at the Christmas market at Berlin's Breitscheidplatz on 19 December 2016. Later that year, together with German Justice Minister Heiko Maas, he presented his final report.<ref>Jefferson Chase (13 December 2017), [http://www.dw.com/en/german-government-criticized-over-terror-victims-compensation/a-41778143 German government criticized over terror victims compensation] ''Deutsche Welle''.</ref><ref>Melissa Eddy (19 December 2017), [https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/19/world/europe/berlin-attack-memorial.html A Year After the Berlin Market Attack, Germany Admits Mistakes] ''New York Times''.</ref>

==Controversies==

===Henrico Frank=== Near the end of 2006, Beck recommended to Henrico Frank, an unemployed construction worker from Wiesbaden, to wash himself and shave so he could get a job.<ref>[http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,2144,2273762,00.html Why Germany Needs Fewer Economists, More Stylists | NEWS | Deutsche Welle | 15.12.2006]</ref> Following a media controversy about Beck's behaviour, Frank declined all jobs offered to him by the state chamber. Later, he was hired as a punk rock expert for iMusic TV.<ref>[http://www.spiegel.de/wirtschaft/0,1518,460494,00.html Arbeitsloser Beck-Kritiker: Henrico Frank hat einen Job - Wirtschaft - Spiegel Online - Nachrichten]</ref>

===Afghanistan=== In April 2007, Beck proposed a peace conference in Afghanistan with the inclusion of "moderate Taliban".<ref>[http://www.spiegel.de/politik/ausland/0,1518,475828,00.html Taliban-Äußerungen: Afghanistans Außenminister hält Beck Ahnungslosigkeit vor - Politik - Spiegel Online - Nachrichten]</ref> The Foreign Minister of Afghanistan, Rangin Dadfar Spanta, thus accused him of being naïve. He compared the idea of "moderate Taliban" to distinguishing between moderate and radical right-wing extremists in Rhineland-Palatinate.<ref>[http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,2144,2433734,00.html Afghan Top Diplomat Rejects German Call for Talks With Taliban | Germany | Deutsche Welle | 05.04.2007]</ref> The German public mostly ignored the affair.

==Other activities== ===Corporate boards=== * Boehringer Ingelheim, Member of the Advisory Board (since 2013)<ref>[http://unternehmensbericht.boehringer-ingelheim.de/fileadmin/pdf/unternehmensbericht_2013.pdf 2013 Annual Report] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171228172813/http://unternehmensbericht.boehringer-ingelheim.de/fileadmin/pdf/unternehmensbericht_2013.pdf |date=28 December 2017 }} Boehringer Ingelheim.</ref>

===Non-profit organizations=== * Stiftung Hambacher Schloss, Chair of the Advisory Board (since 2020)<ref>[https://www.rheinpfalz.de/lokal/neustadt_artikel,-neuer-beirat-der-stiftung-hambacher-schloss-kommt-erstmals-zusammen-_arid,5102103.html Neuer Beirat der Stiftung Hambacher Schloss kommt erstmals zusammen] ''Die Rheinpfalz'', 25 August 2020.</ref> * European Foundation for the Speyer Cathedral, Chairman of the Board of Trustees<ref>[https://www.stiftung-kaiserdom.de/ueber-die-stiftung/gremien/ Board of Trustees] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181229171839/https://www.stiftung-kaiserdom.de/ueber-die-stiftung/gremien/ |date=29 December 2018 }} European Foundation for the Speyer Cathedral.</ref> * ''Denkwerk Demokratie'', Member of the Advisory Board<ref>[https://www.denkwerk-demokratie.de/?page_id=19 Advisory Board] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171228232029/https://www.denkwerk-demokratie.de/?page_id=19 |date=28 December 2017 }} ''Denkwerk Demokratie''.</ref> * Fritz Walter Foundation, Chair of the Advisory Board<ref>[http://www.fritz-walter-stiftung.de/zur-stiftung/beirat.html Advisory Board] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171118230223/http://www.fritz-walter-stiftung.de/zur-stiftung/beirat.html |date=18 November 2017 }} Fritz Walter Foundation.</ref> * Stefan Morsch Foundation, Member of the Board of Trustees (since 2013)<ref>[https://www.stefan-morsch-stiftung.com/presse/news/kurt-beck-ins-kuratorium-der-stefan-morsch-stiftung-gewaehlt/ Kurt Beck ins Kuratorium der Stefan-Morsch-Stiftung gewählt] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171228172452/https://www.stefan-morsch-stiftung.com/presse/news/kurt-beck-ins-kuratorium-der-stefan-morsch-stiftung-gewaehlt/ |date=28 December 2017 }} Stefan Morsch Foundation, press release of 29 June 2013.</ref> * Stiftung Institut für Herzinfarktforschung (IHF), Member of the Board of Trustees<ref>[https://stiftung-ihf.de/index.php/en/organization/board-of-trustees Board of Trustees] Stiftung Institut für Herzinfarktforschung (IHF).</ref> * Stiftung Tausendgut, Member of the Board of Trustees<ref>[https://stiftung-tausendgut.de/index.php/gremien.html Board of Trustees] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151226132018/http://stiftung-tausendgut.de/index.php/gremien.html |date=26 December 2015 }} Stiftung Tausendgut.</ref>

==Honours and awards== :1983: Grand Cross Special Class of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany :2001: Grand Cross of the Order of the Star of Romania :2004 Grand Cross of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany : Grand Officer of the Legion of Honour : Grand Cross of the Order Pro Merito Melitensi of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta : Commander of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres of the French Republic :1997: Honorary Master of the Palatine Crafts :2005: Business Award of the Union of medium-sized enterprises : Order of Merit of the Senate of the Republic of Chile : Honorary Citizen of Opole, Poland : Honorary doctorate from Francis Marion University (USA) : Honorary Citizen of the southern Chinese province of Fujian : Commandeur of the wine fraternity Chevaliers du Tastevin, France

==Personal life== Beck is Catholic. He lives with his wife, Roswitha, whom he married in 1968 in Steinfeld, Rhineland-Palatinate. They have one son (Stefan Beck).

==References== {{Reflist}}

==External links== {{commons category}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071117083259/http://www.bild.t-online.de/BTO/news/2007/08/14/beck-kurt-interview-NEU-/schiessbefehl-linkspartei,geo=2313932.html Interview with the BILD, Part One, German] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071202095734/http://www.bild.t-online.de/BTO/news/2007/08/15/beck-kurt-interview/2.teil-rente,geo=2319884.html Interview with the BILD, Part Two, German]

{{s-start}} {{s-off}} {{succession box| title=Minister-President of Rhineland-Palatinate| before=Rudolf Scharping| after=Malu Dreyer |years=1994–2013 }} {{s-ppo}} {{succession box| title=Chairman of the Social Democratic Party of Germany| before=Matthias Platzeck| after=Frank-Walter Steinmeier (''interim'')| years=2006–2008 }} {{s-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Beck, Kurt}} Category:1949 births Category:Living people Category:People from Bad Bergzabern Category:German Roman Catholics Category:Presidents of the German Bundesrat Category:Members of the Landtag of Rhineland-Palatinate Category:Chairmen of the Social Democratic Party of Germany Category:Grand Crosses 1st class of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany Category:Grand Crosses of the Order of the Star of Romania Category:Grand Officers of the Legion of Honour Category:Commandeurs of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres Category:Minister-presidents of Rhineland-Palatinate