Kupa — Mediated Wiki

{{Short description|River in central Europe; part of the Croatian-Slovenian border}} {{About|the river in Croatia and Slovenia|other uses|}} {{Redirect|Kolpa|the band|Kolpa (band)}} {{Infobox river | name = Kupa / Kolpa | image = Valley of Kolpa river (36804599201) (2).jpg | image_caption = River valley from Kozice | map = Kupa River watershed map.png | map_caption = Kupa River watershed ([https://mghydro.com/watersheds/shared/8BD7E1.html interactive map]) | source1_location = Razloge, Gorski kotar, Croatia | source1_coordinates = {{Coord|45.491|14.689}} | mouth_location = Sava, Sisak, Croatia | mouth_coordinates = {{Coord|45|27|36|N|16|24|08|E|region:HR-03_type:river|display=it}} | progression = {{RSava}} | subdivision_type1 = Countries | subdivision_name1 = {{hlist|Croatia|Slovenia}} | length_km = 297.4 | length_ref = {{GeoQuelle|Sava||13}}<ref name=CY>{{Croatia Yearbook 2015|page= 49}}</ref> | source1_elevation = {{convert|313|m}} {{GeoQuelle|SI|SURS}} | mouth_elevation = | discharge1_avg = {{convert|283|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}} | basin_size_km2 = 10,226 | basin_size_ref = {{GeoQuelle|Sava||13}} | mapframe = yes }} The '''Kupa''' ({{IPA|hr|kûpa}}) or '''Kolpa''' ({{IPA|sl|ˈkóːlpa}} or {{IPA|sl|ˈkóːwpa|}}; from {{langx|la|Colapis}} in Roman times; {{langx|hu|Kulpa}}) river, a right tributary of the Sava, forms a natural border between north-west Croatia and southeast Slovenia. It is {{convert|297|km|abbr=off}} long,{{GeoQuelle|Sava||13}} with a length of {{convert|118|km|abbr=on}} serving as the border between Croatia and Slovenia{{GeoQuelle|SI|SURS}} and the rest located in Croatia.{{GeoQuelle|SI|MOP}}

==Etymology == The name ''Colapis'', recorded in antiquity, is presumed to have come from the Proto-Indo-European roots ''*quel-'' 'turn, meander' and ''*ap-'' 'water', meaning 'meandering water'. An alternative interpretation is ''*(s)kel-''/''*skul-'' 'shiny, bright', meaning 'clear river'.{{sfn|Šimunović|2013|pp=205–206}}

==Course== [[File:Kupa River aerial.jpg|thumb|left|In its lower course, the Kupa meanders through the plains of the Pannonian Basin.]] The Kupa originates in Croatia in the mountainous region of Gorski Kotar, northeast of Rijeka, in the area of Risnjak National Park. It flows a few kilometers eastwards, receives the small Čabranka River from the left, from which point it forms the Slovenian border.

It then continues eastwards between the White Carniola region in the north and Central Croatia in the south. The Kupa receives influx from the river Lahinja from the left in Primostek, passes Vrbovsko, and eventually detaches from the Slovenian border having passed Metlika.

It then reaches the city of Karlovac, where it receives influx from two other rivers from the right, the Dobra and Korana (which in turn is joined by the Mrežnica). The Kupa continues flowing to the east, where it merges with the Glina from the right. It then passes through two small towns called Šišinec and Brkiševina, and then proceeds to the town of Sisak where it merges with the Odra from the left and, after passing through Sisak town centre, flows into the Sava.

==Pollution== Fairly unpolluted downstream to Karlovac, the upper Kupa is a popular place for bathing in summer. The section from Stari Trg down to Fučkovci since 2006 is part of the Slovenian Krajinski park Kolpa nature reserve.

The hydrological parameters of the Kupa are regularly monitored at Radenci, Kamanje, Karlovac, Jamnička Kiselica and Farkašić.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://meteo.hr/naslovnica_hidro_e.php?tab=hidro | title = Daily hydrological report | work=meteo.hr | publisher = Croatian Meteorological and Hydrological Service | access-date = 2020-11-24}}</ref> {{clear left}}

==History== In 1899, the notary of Brod, M. Pavelić, set out to excavate an easier path down to the source of the Kupa.<ref>{{cite magazine |date=1889 |author=Uredništvo |title=Novi put na izvor rieke Kupe|page=143 |magazine=Naše planine |issn=0354-0650 |issue=9 |url=https://www.hps.hr/hp-arhiva/189909.pdf |language=hr}}</ref>

==See also== *Slovenian border barrier

==References== {{Reflist}}

==Sources== * {{cite journal|url=http://hrcak.srce.hr/118625|title=Predantički toponimi u današnjoj (i povijesnoj) Hrvatskoj|trans-title=Pre-Roman placenames in present-day (and historical) Croatia|journal=Folia onomastica Croatica|issue=22|date=March 2013|pages=147–214|last=Šimunović|first=Petar|author-link=Petar Šimunović|publisher=Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts|location=Zagreb|language=hr|format=PDF|access-date=18 January 2016}}

==Further reading== ===General=== * {{cite encyclopedia |date=2013–2024 |author=Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža |title=Kupa |url=https://enciklopedija.hr/clanak/kupa |encyclopedia=Hrvatska enciklopedija |edition=online |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231227154139/https://enciklopedija.hr/clanak/kupa |archive-date=2023-12-27}} * {{cite book |date=1898 |orig-date=written 1898-02-08 |first=Dragutin |last=Hirc |others=Illustrated by Václav Lev Anderle |publisher=🖶 Lavoslav Hartman (Kugli i Deutsch) |chapter=Na izvoru rieke Kupe |pages=49–59 |title=Gorski kotar: slike, opisi i putopisi |location=Zagreb}} Republished as {{cite book |date=1993 |orig-date=written 1898-02-08 |first=Dragutin |last=Hirc |others=Illustrated by Václav Lev Anderle |publisher=🖶 Tiskara Rijeka |chapter=Na izvoru rieke Kupe |pages=49–59 |title=Gorski kotar: slike, opisi i putopisi |isbn=953-158-004-9 |url=https://digitalnaknjiznicapgz.hr/?pr=i&id=13531 |location=Rijeka}} ===Biology=== * {{cite journal |date=2024-09-18 |first1=Goran |last1=Jakšić |first2=Marina |last2=Piria |first3=Neven |last3=Bočić |title=Identifying a Self-Sustaining Population, Spawning Site and Population Size of the Danube Salmon Hucho hucho Using the Citizen Science Approach |doi=10.1002/aqc.4253 |journal=Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems |eissn=1099-0755 |volume=34 |issue=9}} * {{cite thesis |date=2022-10-25 |first=Ivana |last=Lokas |publisher=Prirodoslovno-matematički fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu |title=Morfološke značajke riba roda Romanogobio u dunavskom slijevu Hrvatske |url=https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:217:407105 |location=Zagreb}} ===Ecology=== * {{cite magazine |date=1985 |first=Marko |last=Babić |title=Sliv rijeke Kupe traži zaštitu |page=242 |magazine=Priroda: popularni časopis hrvatskog prirodoslovnog društva |issn=0351-0662 |volume=72 |issue=8 |url=http://library.foi.hr/lib/casopis.php?sqlx=S00001&H=&E=&lok=&broj=198609-10&sqlid=1 |trans-title=The Basin of the River Kupa Seeks Protection}} ===Geology=== * {{cite journal|url=https://hrcak.srce.hr/37332|title=Geomorfološke osobine doline Kupe između Karlovca i Siska|journal=Hrvatski geografski glasnik|volume=46|issue=1|year=1984|last=Kekuš|first=Milan|pages=21–50|format=PDF|language=hr|access-date=24 November 2020}} ===Hydrology=== * {{cite journal |date=2017-06-30 |first1=Krešimir |last1=Pavlić |first2=Zoran |last2=Kovač |first3=Toni |last3=Jurlina |title=Trend analysis of mean and high flows in response to climate warming - Evidence from karstic catchments in Croatia |pages=157–174 |url=https://hrcak.srce.hr/186336 |journal=Geofizika |eissn=1846-6346 |volume=34 |issue=1}}

==External links== {{commons category|Kupa}} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20120523031643/http://www.seoski-turizam.net/public_html/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=275&Itemid=153&lang=HR source of Kupa pictures] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20120216092958/http://www.panoye.com/panorama.977-kupa-source.html Panoramic of the source] *[http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/sectors/tourism/eden/themes-destinations/countries/slovenia/river-kolpa Awarded "EDEN - European Destinations of Excellence" non traditional tourist destination 2010]

{{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kupa (River)}} Category:Kupa Category:Kupa basin Category:Rivers of Croatia Category:Rivers of White Carniola Category:International rivers of Europe Category:Croatia–Slovenia border Category:Border rivers Category:Natura 2000 in Slovenia Category:Landforms of Karlovac County