{{Short description|Aboriginal Australian people of the Northern Territory}} {{see also|Kungarakany language}} {{use dmy dates|date=January 2018}} {{Use Australian English|date=August 2018}} The '''Kungarakany''' people, also spelt '''Koongurrukuñ''', '''Kungarrakany''', '''Kungarakan''' and other variants, are an Aboriginal Australian people of the Northern Territory. They were called the "'''Paperbark People'''" by European settlers.
==Country== Norman Tindale estimated their tribal lands covered approximately {{convert|2,000|mi2|km2}}. They included the inland area north-east of Mount Litchfield, around the mid-waters of the Reynolds River and the headwaters of the Adelaide River. Their north-eastern limits were close to Rum Jungle and Batchelor.{{sfn|Tindale|1974|p=229}} Kungarakan traditional land encompasses Adelaide River, Batchelor, Rum Jungle, Finniss River, Litchfield Park, and Berry Springs, including the Territory Wildlife Park.
==Language== {{main|Kungarakany language}}
==Alternative names== They were known to European settlers as the "Paperbark People".<ref name=":0">{{cite Australian Dictionary of Biography | last=Dewar| first=Mickey| title=Alngindabu (1874–1961)|id2=alngindabu-9345|access-date=30 April 2022| quote=This article was published in hardcopy in Australian Dictionary of Biography, Volume 13, (Melbourne University Press), 1993}}</ref> Alternative names and spellings include: * ''Gunerakan''{{sfn|Tindale|1974|p=229}} * ''Kangarraga''{{sfn|Tindale|1974|p=229}} * ''Kangarranga''{{sfn|Tindale|1974|p=229}} * ''Warnunger''{{sfn|Tindale|1974|p=229}} * ''Ungnakan''{{sfn|Tindale|1974|p=229}}
==Notable people== * Alngindabu, Aboriginal elder<ref>{{Citation |last=Dewar |first=Mickey |title=Alngindabu (1874–1961) |work=Australian Dictionary of Biography |url=https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/alngindabu-9345 |access-date=2024-10-01 |place=Canberra |publisher=National Centre of Biography, Australian National University |language=en}}</ref> * Joe McGinness, Aboriginal rights activist<ref>{{Cite web |title=Biography - Joseph Daniel (Joe) McGinness - Indigenous Australia |url=https://ia.anu.edu.au/biography/mcginness-joseph-daniel-joe-17813 |access-date=2024-10-01 |website=ia.anu.edu.au}}</ref> * Kathy Mills, first woman on the Northern Land Council<ref name="Hynes 2022">{{cite web | last=Hynes | first=Nicholas | title=Aboriginal elder Kathy Mills remembered as formidable leader and brilliant storyteller | website=ABC News |publisher =Australian Broadcasting Corporation | date=26 April 2022 | url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-04-26/kathy-mills-indigenous-advocate-obituary/101012466 | access-date=26 April 2022}}</ref> * Marlon Motlop, footballer and musician<ref>{{cite web | last=Jenke | first=Tyler | title=MRLN x RKM, Vika and Linda, and Midnight Oil Continue A Stellar WOMADelaide | website=Rolling Stone Australia | date=6 March 2021 | url=https://au.rollingstone.com/music/music-live-reviews/womadelaide-2021-day-2-review-23895/ | access-date=29 August 2021}}</ref> (on his mother's side<ref name=radiofeb2021>{{cite web | title=AFL's Marlon Motlop and Rulla Kelly-Mansell team up for a new musical project|format=Audio | website=ABC Radio National | date=7 July 2021 | url=https://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/breakfast/marlon-motlop-rulla-kelly-mansell-team-up-new-musical-project/13434996 | access-date=29 August 2021}}</ref>) * Tom Calma, Chancellor of the University of Canberra<ref name=aa>{{cite web | last=Alexandra | first=Andrew | title=Tom Calma: A Biography |via=Academia.edu | url=https://www.academia.edu/30387845 | access-date=21 July 2022}}</ref> * Val McGinness, Aboriginal rights activist<ref>{{Citation |last=Austin |first=Tony |title=Valentine Bynoe McGinness (1910–1988) |work=Australian Dictionary of Biography |url=https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/mcginness-valentine-bynoe-14671 |access-date=2024-10-01 |place=Canberra |publisher=National Centre of Biography, Australian National University |language=en}}</ref> * Vai Stanton, Aboriginal rights activist<ref name=":02">{{Cite web |title=Aboriginal welfare officer advocates for community |url=https://reflection.servicesaustralia.gov.au/1960s/1964/vai-stanton-interview |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250430044632/https://reflection.servicesaustralia.gov.au/1960s/1964/vai-stanton-interview |archive-date=2025-04-30 |access-date=2025-08-10 |website=Reflection |language=en}}</ref>
==Notes== {{notelist}}
===Citations=== {{Reflist|20em}}
==Sources== {{refbegin|30em}} *{{Cite journal | title = Anthropological notes on the Western Coastal tribes of the Northern Territory of South Australia | last = Basedow | first = Herbert | author-link = Herbert Basedow | journal = Journal of the Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia | year = 1907 | volume = 31 | pages = 1–62 | url = https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54644 }} *{{Cite journal | title = On the Manners, Customs, &c., of some Tribes of the Aborigines in the neighbourhood of Port Darwin and the West Coast of the Gulf of Carpentaria, North Australia | last = Foelsche | first = Paul | author-link = Paul Foelsche | journal = The Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland | year = 1895 | volume = 24 | pages = 190–198 | jstor = 2842215 }} *{{Cite journal | title = Ceremonial Economics of the Mulluk Mulluk and Madngella Tribes of the Daly River, North Australia. A Preliminary Paper | last = Stanner | first = W. E. H. | author-link = W. E. H. Stanner | journal = Oceania | volume = 4 | issue = 2 | pages = 156–175 | date = December 1933 | doi = 10.1002/j.1834-4461.1933.tb00098.x | jstor = 40327457 }} *{{Cite journal | title = Customs, rites and superstitions of the aboriginal tribes of the Gulf of Carpentaria | last = Stretton | first = W. G. | journal = Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of Australia (Adelaide Branch) | year = 1893 | volume = 17 | pages = 227–253 | url = http://www.territorystories.nt.gov.au/jspui/bitstream/10070/153099/1/Customs.pdf | access-date = 22 January 2018 | archive-date = 21 January 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180121071232/http://www.territorystories.nt.gov.au/jspui/bitstream/10070/153099/1/Customs.pdf | url-status = dead }} *{{Cite book | chapter = Kungarakan (NT) | last = Tindale | first = Norman Barnett | author-link = Norman Tindale | year = 1974 | title = Aboriginal Tribes of Australia: Their Terrain, Environmental Controls, Distribution, Limits, and Proper Names | publisher = Australian National University | chapter-url = http://archives.samuseum.sa.gov.au/tindaletribes/kungarakan.htm | archive-date = 20 March 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200320020206/http://archives.samuseum.sa.gov.au/tindaletribes/kungarakan.htm | isbn = 978-0-708-10741-6 }} {{refend}}
{{Aboriginal peoples of the Northern Territory}} {{Authority control}}
Category:Aboriginal peoples of the Northern Territory