KuMoHa 12

{{short description|Japanese train type}} {{more citations needed|date=October 2018}} {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2026}} {{Infobox train | name = KuMoHa 12 | image = JRE-cMc12052.jpg | imagesize = | caption = KuMoHa 12052 on an Ōkawa Branch Line service, circa December 1990 | service = 1933–2002 | manufacturer = | factory = | family = | refurbishment = 1933,1950,1958,1960, 1987 | replaced = | formation = | fleetnumbers = | operator = [[Japanese Government Railways|JGR]] (1933–1949)<br />[[JNR]] (1949–1987)<br />[[JR East]] (1987–1996)<br />[[JR Central]] (1987–2002) | depots = | lines = Various | yearconstruction = | yearservice = | yearscrapped = | numberconstruction = | numberbuilt = 27 vehicles (all converted from other train types) | numberservice = none | numberscrapped = | numberpreserved = 1 vehicle | carbody = Steel | carlength = {{convert|17000|mm|ftin|abbr=on}} | width = | height = | floorheight = | doors = 3 per side | maxspeed = | weight = | acceleration = | deceleration = | traction = [[Resistor|Resistor control]] | traction motors = MT15 | poweroutput = | transmission = Camshaft | aux = | powersupply = | hvac = | electricsystem = | collectionmethod = overhead catenary | bogies = | brakes = | safety = | coupling = | multipleworking = | gauge = {{RailGauge|1067mm|lk=on}} }}

The {{nihongo|'''KuMoHa 12'''|クモハ12形}} was a class of [[electric multiple unit]] (EMU) [[railroad car]]s formerly used by the [[Japanese National Railways]] (JNR). These are EMU [[power car]]s of {{convert|17|meter|adj=on}} length with a driver's cab at each end, three passenger doors on each side, and lengthwise bench-type passenger seating. The cars themselves were built in the later 1920s and 1930s for JNR's predecessor, the [[Japanese Government Railways]] (JGR), but the class, originally named {{nihongo|'''MoHa 12'''|モハ12形}}, was established on 1 June 1953 by a JNR revision of its rolling stock classification regulations. In June 1959, a new JNR classification revision assigned the code {{nihongo||クモ|KuMo}} to all cab-equipped power cars, giving the KuMoHa 12 class its present name.

When the MoHa 12 class was formed in 1953, it consisted of 13 cars of the old JGR dual-cab {{ill|33 series|lt='''MoHa 34'''|jp|国鉄33系電車}} class. Over time, additional cars were added by remodeling related old JGR classes, for an eventual total of 33 cars.

==List of cars== The various KuMoHa 12 cars have the following origins: * '''12000–12003''' - Built in 1933 as dual-cab MoHa 34 cars. * '''12010–12018''' - Built in 1929-1930 as single-cab {{ill|31 series|lt=MoHa 31|jp|国鉄31系電車#モハ31形}} cars, then remodeled in 1950–1951 with dual cabs as MoHa 34 cars. * '''12019–12027''' - Built in 1929-1931 as single-cab MoHa 31 cars and reclassified in 1953 as {{ill|KuMoHa 11|lt=MoHa 11|jp|国鉄モハ11形電車}} series 200. Remodeled in 1958 as dual-cab MoHa 12 cars. * '''12030–12032''' - Built in 1939-1941 as single-cab {{ill|JNR 50 series|lt=MoHa 50|jp|国鉄50系電車#モハ50形}} cars and reclassified in 1953 as MoHa 11 series 400. Remodeled in 1958 as dual-cab MoHa 12 cars. * '''12040''' - Built in 1926 as a single-cab {{ill|30 series|lt=MoHa 30|jp|国鉄30系電車#モハ30形}} car and reclassified in 1953 as a MoHa 11 series 100. Remodeled in 1960 as a dual-cab KuMoHa 12 car. * '''12041''' - Built in 1927 as a single-cab MoHa 30, remodeled in 1953 as a cabless {{ill|30 series|lt=MoHa 10|jp|国鉄30系電車#モハ10形}}, and remodeled again in 1964 as {{ill|KuMoYa 22|lt=KuMoYa 22|jp|国鉄クモヤ22形電車}} tractor car 22112. Converted in 1987 to a KuMoHa 12 for special-event passenger service by [[JR Central]] on the [[Iida Line]].<ref name="neko1993">{{cite book |title = JR全車輛ハンドブック'93 (JR Rolling Stock Handbook 1993)| publisher = Neko Publishing| year = 1993| location = Japan}}</ref> This car has been exhibited at the [[SCMaglev and Railway Park]] since March 2011.<ref>[http://jr-central.co.jp/news/release/_pdf/000005597.pdf List of exhibits] Retrieved on 29 October 2009. {{in lang|ja}}</ref> * '''12050–12055''' - Built in 1929-1931 as single-cab MoHa 31 cars and reclassified in 1953 as MoHa 11 series 200. Remodeled in 1959 as dual-cab KuMoHa 12 cars.<ref name="neko1993"/> Later operated by JR East on the [[Tsurumi Line]] ({{STN|Ōkawa|x}} Branch Line). The last car was withdrawn in 1996.

<gallery> File:JRC-Kumoha12041.jpg|KuMoHa 12041 used by JR Central as a special-event car on the Iida Line </gallery>

==References== {{Reflist}}

[[Category:Electric multiple units of Japan]] [[Category:East Japan Railway Company]] [[Category:Central Japan Railway Company]] [[Category:Train-related introductions in 1933]] [[Category:1933 in rail transport]] [[Category:1500 V DC multiple units of Japan]] [[Category:1933 establishments in Japan]]