thumb|200px|Portrait of Krombholz from the ''Portraiten-gallerie berühmter aerzte und naturforscher Wein'' (1838) '''Julius Vincenz von Krombholz''' ({{langx|cs|Julius Vincenc von Krombholz}}; 19 December 1782 – 1 November 1843) was a Czech medical doctor and mycologist. He is considered one of the founders of Czech mycology. He was the rector of the University of Prague in 1831.
==Life== [[File:Oberpolitz-Krombholz-Tafel.jpg|thumb|160px|Memorial plaque on Krombholz's birth house in Horní Police]] He was born on 19 December 1782 in Horní Police, Bohemia (today the Czech Republic). His father Ignác Krombholz was a teacher, his mother was Marie Alžběta née Nanichtová. He studied medicine at the University of Prague, receiving his doctorate in 1814. In 1828, he was appointed professor of special pathology and therapy. He became an internationally recognized general practitioner. In 1831, during a cholera epidemic in Prague, he cared for the sick and became director of cholera hospitals in Prague.<ref name=denik>{{cite web |last=Polák|first=Michael|title=Před 170 lety zemřel rektor z Horní Police. Jeho srdce je naložené v lahvi|url=https://ceskolipsky.denik.cz/zpravy_region/pred-170-lety-zemrel-rektor-z-horni-police-jeho-srdce-je-nalozene-v-lahvi-201311.html|work=Deník.cz|language=cs|date=2013-11-01|access-date=2025-11-03}}</ref> He used his influence to help the penniless August Carl Joseph Corda (1809–1849) get admitted to the University of Prague.<ref>[http://www.mushroomthejournal.com/greatlakesdata/Authors/Krombholz35.html The Mushroom Journal] (biographical information)</ref> In 1831, he was named rector of the University of Prague.<ref>[http://de.wikisource.org/wiki/ADB:Krombholz,_Vincenz_Julius_Edler_von ADB:Krombholz, Vincenz Julius Edler von Allgemeine] @ Deutsche Biographie</ref>
In 1837, he was ennobled for his medical and pedagogical services.<ref name=denik/> He died in Prague on 1 November 1843. He was buried at the Olšany Cemetery in Prague.<ref>{{cite web |title=Julius Krombholz|url=https://www.hrbitovy-adopce.cz/hroby-v-projektu/hrob/julius-krombholz/|publisher=Hřbitovy a pohřební služby hl. m. Prahy|language=cs|access-date=2025-11-03}}</ref> His mummified heart is still preserved in the clinic of the 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University.<ref name=denik/>
==Mycology== In addition to his career in medicine, Krombholz had a keen interest in mycology. He is considered one of the founders of Czech mycology. He was primarily interested in the types of mushrooms brought to the markets in Prague.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Svrček|first=Mirko|title=Současný stav mykofloristického výzkumu Československa|url=https://czechmycology.org/_cm/CM193.pdf|journal=Česká mykologie|publisher=Československá vědecká společnost pro mykologii|language=cs|date=July 1965|volume=3|page=156}}</ref> He probably did not go to the woods, but as a medical doctor, he saved patients with poisonings and wanted to find out which fungi caused them. He was the author of the first mycological atlas in the Czech lands.<ref name=denik/>
He performed numerous experiments involving the toxicity of mushrooms. He is known for ''Naturgetreue Abbildungen und Beschreibungen der essbaren, schädlichen und verdächtigen Schwämme'' (1831–1846), a publication on mushrooms that was based on his own observations. It is acclaimed for its true-to-nature pictures and its descriptions of edible, harmful and suspect mushrooms. Krombholz died before its completion, and latter parts of the work were edited by Johann Baptista Zobel (1812–1865).<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=nslDAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA67 Google Books] Botanisches Zentralblatt, Volume 90</ref> Other noted works by Krombholz include: * ''Abhandlungen aus dem Gebiete der gesammten Akologie, zur Begründung eines Systems derselben'', 1825 * ''Anatomische Beschreibung eines sehr merkwurdigen Anencephalus'' (with three copperplates), 1830 * ''General-Rapport über die asiatische Cholera zu Prag im Jahre 1831 und 1832 nach den in den Choleraspitälern gewonnenen Erfahrungen'', 1836<ref>[http://www.worldcat.org/identities/np-krombholz,%20julius%20vinzenz WorldCat Identities] (publications)</ref>
A number of mushrooms were first described by Krombholz. As such, the standard botanical author abbreviation '''Krombh.''' is applied to the scientific names of these species. The genus ''Krombhlolzia'' (synonym ''Zeugites)'' from the family Poaceae is named in his honour.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=8ieqQs7hIREC&dq=%22Julius+Vincenz+von+Krombholz%22&pg=PA1172 CRC World Dictionary of Grasses: Common Names, Scientific Names] Krombholzia</ref>
==Gallery== Illustrations from ''Naturgetreue Abbildungen und Beschreibungen der essbaren'': <gallery class="center" widths="145" heights="120"> Krombholz Julius Vincenz von 1.jpg Krombholz Julius Vincenz von 2.jpg Krombholz Julius Vincenz von 3.jpg Krombholz mykologische Hefte Taf. 37.jpg </gallery>
==References== {{Commons category|Julius Vincenz von Krombholz}} {{reflist}}
{{s-start}} {{s-edu}} {{s-bef|before=František Tippmann}} {{s-ttl|title=Rector of Charles University|years=1831}} {{s-aft|after=Franz Ignatz Cassian Hallaschka}} {{end}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Krombholz, Julius Vincenz von}} Category:1782 births Category:1843 deaths Category:People from Česká Lípa District Category:Czech mycologists Category:19th-century Czech medical doctors Category:Mycologists from the Austrian Empire Category:Biologists from the Austrian Empire Category:Medical doctors from the Austrian Empire Category:German Bohemian people Category:German people in the Austrian Empire Category:Charles University alumni Category:Rectors of Charles University Category:Burials at Olšany Cemetery