{{Short description|County-level city in Xinjiang, China}} {{Redirect|Korgas|the nearby county|Huocheng County|the village in Iran|Gargaz}} {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}} {{Infobox settlement | name = Khorgos | native_name = {{native name list |tag1=zh-Hans |name1=霍尔果斯市 |tag2=ug |name2=قورغاس شەھىرى |tag3=kk-Arab |name3=قورعاس قالاسى}} | other_name = Horgos, Korgas, Khorgas, Qorghas | nickname = | settlement_type = County-level city | motto = <!-- images and maps -----------> | image_skyline = {{multiple image | total_width = 300 | border = infobox | perrow = 1/1 | caption_align = center | image1 = Downtown Khorgos.jpg | alt1 = | caption1 = Downtown Khorgos, with the Dzungarian Alatau visible in the background | image2 = New Khorgos Port of Entry.jpg | alt2 = | caption2 = Khorgos Gate on the China–Kazakhstan border }} | imagesize = | image_caption = | image_map = | mapsize = | map_caption = | image_map1 = | mapsize1 = | pushpin_map = China Xinjiang Northern#Xinjiang#China | pushpin_relief = yes | pushpin_label_position = bottom | pushpin_mapsize = | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Xinjiang <!-- Location ------------------> | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = China | subdivision_type1 = Autonomous region | subdivision_name1 = Xinjiang | subdivision_type2 = Autonomous prefecture | subdivision_name2 = Ili | seat_type = Municipal seat | seat = Qarasu Subdistrict <!-- Politics -----------------> | government_footnotes = | government_type = | leader_title = | leader_name = | established_title = <!-- Settled --> | established_date = <!-- Area ----------------------> | area_magnitude = | unit_pref = metric | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 1,675 | area_land_km2 = | area_metro_km2 = <!-- Population -------------------------> | population_as_of = 2020 | population_footnotes = <ref>[http://www.citypopulation.de/en/china/xinjiang/admin/ Xinjiang: Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties]</ref> | population_note = | population_total = 71,466 | population_density_km2 = auto <!-- General information ----------------> | timezone = China Standard Time{{efn|Locals in Xinjiang frequently observe UTC+6 (Xinjiang Time), two hours behind Beijing.}} | utc_offset = +8 | coordinates = {{coord|44|12|45|N|80|24|35|E|type:city_region:CN-65|display=inline,title}} | elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags--> | elevation_m = | elevation_ft = <!-- Area/postal codes and others -------> | postal_code_type = <!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... --> | postal_code = | area_code = | website = {{URL|http://www.xjhegs.gov.cn/}} | footnotes = }} {{Infobox Chinese | order = st | s = 霍尔果斯市 | t = 霍爾果斯市 | p = Huò'ěrguǒsī shì | uig = قورغاس شەھىرى | uly = Qorghas shehiri | usy = Қорғас шәһири | rus = Хоргос | rusr = Khorgos | lang1 = kk | lang1_content = {{lang|kk-Arab|قورعاس قالاسى}}<br />{{lang|kk|Қорғас қаласы}}<br />{{lang|kk-Latn|Qorğas qalası}} }}
'''Khorgos''' (from {{langx|ru|Хоргос}}; {{lang-zh|s=霍尔果斯}}), officially known as '''Korgas'''<ref name="official">The official spelling according to {{lang|zh-Latn-pinyin|Zhōngguó dìmínglù}}, {{lang|zh-hans|中国地名录}} (Beijing, ''SinoMaps Press'' {{lang|zh-hans|中国地图出版社}} 1997); {{ISBN|7-5031-1718-4}}</ref> (Kazakh: {{lang|kk-Arab|قورعاس}}; {{langx|ug|قورغاس}}), is a county-level city in Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang, China. It straddles the country's border with Kazakhstan;<ref>{{cite magazine |author1=Reid Standish|title=China's Path Forward Is Getting Bumpy|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2019/10/china-belt-road-initiative-problems-kazakhstan/597853/|magazine=The Atlantic|access-date=17 March 2020 |language=en|date=1 October 2019}}</ref> on the Kazakh side of the border is a city also named Horgos in Russian and Korgas in Kazakh.
Khorgos area is a hub of the New Eurasian Land Bridge, 200 km from the Alataw Pass, the historically important Dzungarian Gate, with a cross-border visa-free special economic zone for trade and shopping (ICBC), a dry port for transporting goods and two new cities, one on either side of the border.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://caravanistan.com/kazakhstan/almaty-region/khorgos-zharkent/|title=Khorgos and Zharkent travel guide|website=Caravanistan|language=en-US|access-date=19 August 2019}}</ref><ref name=":Curtis&Klaus2">{{Cite book |last=Curtis |first=Simon |title=The Belt and Road City: Geopolitics, Urbanization, and China's Search for a New International Order |last2=Klaus |first2=Ian |date= |publisher=Yale University Press |year= |isbn=978-0-300-26690-0 |location=New Haven and London |publication-date=2024}}</ref>{{Rp|page=24}}
==History== In 1851, the Russian Empire signed an agreement with Qing China to have Khorgos and Tacheng opened as port of entries along the Qing-Russian border.<ref name=xjyl>{{Cite web|title=霍尔果斯口岸国门|url=http://www.xjyl.gov.cn/info/1738/296515.htm|access-date=21 August 2021|date=12 November 2009|publisher=伊犁哈萨克自治州人民政府|archive-date=12 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210912034834/http://www.xjyl.gov.cn/info/1738/296515.htm}}</ref>
In 1977, the 61st Regiment Farm fire in Khorgos killed 694 and injured 161.<ref name="1995a">{{cite journal|title=694条生命化为灰烬——一场没有公开报道的特大火灾|journal=新世纪|date=1995|issue=4|last=西夫|url=https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/ozEZgbB4HAVet3z7pfvRlw|access-date=4 January 2023|archive-date=4 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230104195119/https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/ozEZgbB4HAVet3z7pfvRlw}}</ref><ref name="fo">{{cite news|orig-date=2007-02-26 |title=一九七七年 六十一团那场大火 |trans-title=The great fire to the 61st Regiment in 1977 |work=伊犁晚报|page=B06 |url=https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/hfgpHjEcf4EGds_fMc46Tw|date=28 March 2018|via=老知青家园|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230104171830/https://freewechat.com/a/MzIwOTM1NDg0MA==/2247493889/3|archive-date=4 January 2023}}</ref> It is one of the worst human-made disasters in China by death toll.
== Transportation == The Jinghe–Yining–Khorgos railway was completed in late 2009 and as of 2012 provides train service from Ürümqi and Yining to Khorgos.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://english.people.com.cn/90001/90776/90882/6760790.html|title=Xingjiang's first electrified railway rails laid|date=17 September 2009|access-date=13 March 2012|publisher=People's Daily Online}}</ref>
Passenger trains from Ürümqi started on 1 July 2010; however, they initially only ran to Yining and not all the way to Khorgos.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.aboutxinjiang.com/Photo_galley/content/2010-06/22/content_5054262.htm|title=Tickets of train from Urumqi to Yining put on sale|publisher=Tianshannet|date=22 June 2010|access-date=13 March 2012|editor=Zhaoqian|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120229121345/http://www.aboutxinjiang.com/Photo_galley/content/2010-06/22/content_5054262.htm|archive-date=29 February 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://en.chinaxinjiang.cn/01/01/201007/t20100707_36384.htm|title=Xinjiang's first electrified railway passenger train|date=7 July 2010|access-date=13 March 2012|publisher=China Central Television}}</ref> In December 2013, one of the daily Ürümqi-Yining passenger trains was extended to Khorgos. The travel time from Khorgos to Yining then was just over an hour.<ref>[http://news.huochepiao.com/2013-12/201312267242918.htm 霍尔果斯往乌鲁木齐方向首趟客运列车正式开通] (The first Korgas-Ürümqi passenger train started regular operations), 26 December 2013</ref>
In December 2011, a {{convert|293|km|mi|adj=on}} railway from the Khorgos border crossing to Zhetygen terminal (near Almaty) was completed; on 2 December 2012, the tracks from the Chinese and Kazakhstan sides of the borders were connected.<ref name=hcp20121223>[http://news.huochepiao.com/2012-12/2012122311053886.htm 写在中国霍尔果斯至哈萨克斯坦阿腾科里铁路通车运营之际], 23 December 2012</ref> For some months, the railway on the Kazakh side was still operating in a test mode.<ref>[http://1tv.kz/news/kazakhstan/16032012/poezd Хоргос-Жетыген: уже летом первые поезда соединят Китай с Европой] (Already this summer first trains will connect China with Europe), 16 March 2012 {{in lang|ru}}</ref> The railway border crossing (port of entry) at Khorgos became operational in the late 2012;<ref name=xw20121123>[http://news.huochepiao.com/2012-11/20121123914252.htm 新疆霍尔果斯火车站获批成立 年底有望通车] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130729122839/http://news.huochepiao.com/2012-11/20121123914252.htm |date=29 July 2013 }}, 中国新闻网, 23 November 2012</ref> the first regular trains from the two countries crossed the border on 22 December 2012.<ref name=hcp20121223/> Thus, Khorgos, an international dry port, connects land-locked Kazakhstan to the sea port of Lianyungang in China.<ref>Vakulchuk, Roman and Indra Overland (2019) "[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329310641 China's Belt and Road Initiative through the Lens of Central Asia]", in Fanny M. Cheung and Ying-yi Hong (eds) ''Regional Connection under the Belt and Road Initiative. The Prospects for Economic and Financial Cooperation''. London: Routledge, pp. 119.</ref>
The railway border crossing is expected to handle up to 15 million tons of freight per year initially, the volume rising to 30 million tons per year in the long run,<ref name=hcp20121223/> opening up the second Europe-China rail link via Kazakhstan.<ref name="Revival">[http://worldnews.nbcnews.com/_news/2013/06/10/18880995-revival-of-the-silk-road-kazakhs-launch-china-europe-rail-route?lite Revival of the Silk Road]</ref>
Khorgos is a major break of gauge interchange. 41-ton gantry cranes are used to move shipping containers between standard gauge Chinese trains and Russian gauge Kazakh trains,<ref>{{citation|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/wadeshepard/2017/02/20/khorgos-the-new-silk-roads-central-station-comes-to-life |date=20 February 2017|title=Khorgos: The New Silk Road's Central Station Comes To Life |first=Wade|last=Shepard|journal=Forbes}}</ref> connecting to Altynkol railway station on a spur line of Kazakhstan Temir Zholy.
In June 2017, the Ürümqi Railway Bureau of the China Railway started daily passenger service from Ürümqi to Astana via Khorgos.<ref>[http://news.huochepiao.com/2017-6/2017621404433.htm 今夏可坐火车去哈萨克斯坦游玩] (This summer, one can visit Kazakhstan by train)</ref>
==Economy== As of at least 2024, Khorgos is the second-largest dry port in the world.<ref name=":Curtis&Klaus2"/>{{Rp|page=57}}
In 2017, Boshihao Electronics, a robot manufacturing company, moved production from Shenzhen to Khorgos.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Shepard |first=Wade |title=Horgos: The First New City Of The New Silk Road Emerges As A Robot Manufacturing Hub |magazine=Forbes |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/wadeshepard/2017/01/09/horgos-the-first-new-city-of-the-new-silk-road-becomes-a-hub-for-robots/ |url-access=limited|language=en}}</ref>
==Climate==
{{Weather box|width=auto |metric first=y |single line=y |collapsed = Y |location = Khorgos, elevation {{convert|722|m|ft|abbr=on}}, (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1991–present) |Jan record high C = 11.9 |Feb record high C = 16.5 |Mar record high C = 27.7 |Apr record high C = 33.6 |May record high C = 37.0 |Jun record high C = 37.7 |Jul record high C = 41.2 |Aug record high C = 39.5 |Sep record high C = 35.7 |Oct record high C = 31.5 |Nov record high C = 24.0 |Dec record high C = 15.3 |Jan record low C = -28.5 |Feb record low C = -25.9 |Mar record low C = -16.8 |Apr record low C = -6.9 |May record low C = -1.1 |Jun record low C = 8.1 |Jul record low C = 10.1 |Aug record low C = 7.7 |Sep record low C = 1.1 |Oct record low C = -7.1 |Nov record low C = -18.6 |Dec record low C = -25.4 |Jan high C = -0.9 |Feb high C = 2.0 |Mar high C = 11.1 |Apr high C = 20.3 |May high C = 25.4 |Jun high C = 29.4 |Jul high C = 31.3 |Aug high C = 30.6 |Sep high C = 25.9 |Oct high C = 18.0 |Nov high C = 8.5 |Dec high C = 1.3 |Jan mean C = -5.8 |Feb mean C = -2.8 |Mar mean C = 5.6 |Apr mean C = 13.6 |May mean C = 18.6 |Jun mean C = 22.7 |Jul mean C = 24.6 |Aug mean C = 23.8 |Sep mean C = 19.0 |Oct mean C = 11.6 |Nov mean C = 3.4 |Dec mean C = -3.2 |Jan low C = -9.5 |Feb low C = -6.5 |Mar low C = 1.1 |Apr low C = 8.3 |May low C = 12.9 |Jun low C = 17.1 |Jul low C = 19.0 |Aug low C = 17.9 |Sep low C = 13.2 |Oct low C = 6.6 |Nov low C = -0.2 |Dec low C = -6.7 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 19.4 |Feb precipitation mm = 19.2 |Mar precipitation mm = 17.2 |Apr precipitation mm = 28.3 |May precipitation mm = 24.8 |Jun precipitation mm = 33.7 |Jul precipitation mm = 26.5 |Aug precipitation mm = 17.3 |Sep precipitation mm = 11.9 |Oct precipitation mm = 20.7 |Nov precipitation mm = 26.9 |Dec precipitation mm = 20.9 |Jan humidity = 69 |Feb humidity = 69 |Mar humidity = 59 |Apr humidity = 49 |May humidity = 46 |Jun humidity = 47 |Jul humidity = 46 |Aug humidity = 43 |Sep humidity = 43 |Oct humidity = 52 |Nov humidity = 65 |Dec humidity = 71 |unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm |Jan precipitation days = 8.6 |Feb precipitation days = 8.1 |Mar precipitation days = 6.5 |Apr precipitation days = 7.0 |May precipitation days = 7.8 |Jun precipitation days = 8.6 |Jul precipitation days = 8.2 |Aug precipitation days = 5.8 |Sep precipitation days = 4.2 |Oct precipitation days = 5.2 |Nov precipitation days = 7.2 |Dec precipitation days = 8.8 |year precipitation days = |Jan sun = 160.8 |Feb sun = 175.6 |Mar sun = 234.7 |Apr sun = 266.9 |May sun = 319.8 |Jun sun = 325.1 |Jul sun = 344.1 |Aug sun = 329.5 |Sep sun = 285.7 |Oct sun = 240.3 |Nov sun = 161.1 |Dec sun = 144.4 |year sun = | Jan percentsun = 55 | Feb percentsun = 58 | Mar percentsun = 62 | Apr percentsun = 65 | May percentsun = 69 | Jun percentsun = 70 | Jul percentsun = 74 | Aug percentsun = 78 | Sep percentsun = 78 | Oct percentsun = 72 | Nov percentsun = 57 | Dec percentsun = 53 | year percentsun = |Jan snow days = 9.9 |Feb snow days = 9.5 |Mar snow days = 3.9 |Apr snow days = 1.0 |May snow days = 0 |Jun snow days = 0 |Jul snow days = 0 |Aug snow days = 0 |Sep snow days = 0 |Oct snow days = 0.8 |Nov snow days = 5.1 |Dec snow days = 10.1 |year snow days = |source 1 = China Meteorological Administration<ref name="cma graphical">{{cite web |url=http://data.cma.cn/data/weatherBk.html |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data |publisher=China Meteorological Administration |language = zh-hans |access-date=10 October 2023}}</ref><ref> {{cite web|url=https://experience.arcgis.com/template/e724038fda394e9d9b7921f10fd1aa55/page/%E7%BA%AF%E8%A1%A8%E6%A0%BC%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1-(%E5%AF%B9%E6%AF%948110%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96)/?org=UQmaps |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网|publisher=China Meteorological Administration |language = zh-hans | access-date =10 October 2023}}</ref> }}
==Administrative divisions== Khorgos is divided into 4 subdistricts, 1 ethnic township, and 2 township-equivalent regions.
{| class="wikitable" align="center" style="width:50%; border="1" |- ! Name ! Simplified Chinese ! Hanyu Pinyin ! Uyghur (UEY) ! Uyghur Latin (ULY) ! Kazakh (Arabic script) ! Kazakh (Cyrillic script) ! Administrative division code ! Notes |- | colspan="9" style="text-align:center; background:#d3d3d3;"|'''Subdistricts''' |---------- | Qarasu Subdistrict | {{lang|zh-hans|卡拉苏街道}} | {{Transliteration|zh|Kǎlāsū Jiēdào}} | {{lang|ug|قاراسۇ كوچا باشقارمىسى}} | {{Transliteration|ug|qarasu kocha bashqarmisi}} | {{lang|kk-Arab|قاراسۋ ءمالى باسقارماسى}} | {{lang|kk|Қарасу мәлі басқармасы}} | 654004001 | |- | Ya-Ou East Road Subdistrict | {{lang|zh-hans|亚欧东路街道}} | {{Transliteration|zh|Yà'ōudōnglù Jiēdào}} | {{lang|ug|ياۋروئاسىيا شەرقىي يولى كوچا باشقارمىسى}} | {{Transliteration|ug|Yawro'asiya sherqiy yoli kocha bashqarmisi}} | {{lang|kk-Arab|ەۆرو-ازيا شىعىس جولى ءمالى باسقارماسى}} | {{lang|kk|Еуразия шығыс жолы мәлі басқармасы}} | 654004002 | |- | Ya-Ou West Road Subdistrict | {{lang|zh-hans|亚欧西路街道}} | {{Transliteration|zh|Yà'ōuxīlù Jiēdào}} | {{lang|ug|ياۋروئاسىيا غەربىي يولى كوچا باشقارمىسى}} | {{Transliteration|ug|Yawro'asiya gherbiy yoli kocha bashqarmisi}} | {{lang|kk-Arab|ەۆرو-ازيا باتىس جولى ءمالى باسقارماسى}} | {{lang|kk|Еуразия батыс жолы мәлі басқармасы}} | 654004003 | |- | Industrial Park Subdistrict | {{lang|zh-hans|工业园区街道}} | {{Transliteration|zh|Gōngyèyuánqū Jiēdào}} | {{lang|ug|سانائەت رايونى كوچا باشقارمىسى}} | {{Transliteration|ug|sana'et rayoni kocha bashqarmisi}} | {{lang|kk-Arab|ونەركاسىپتىك اۋدان ءمالى باسقارماسى}} | {{lang|kk|Өнеркәсіптік аудан мәлі басқармасы}} | 654004004 | |- | colspan="9" style="text-align:center; background:#d3d3d3;"|'''Ethnic township''' |---------- | Ichëgashen Township<br />(Ichëgashen Sibe Ethnic Township) | {{lang|zh-hans|伊车嘎善乡}}<br />({{lang|zh-hans|伊车嘎善锡伯族乡}}) | {{Transliteration|zh|Yīchēgāshàn Xiāng}}<br />({{Transliteration|zh|Yīchēgāshàn Xíbózú Xiāng}}) | {{lang|ug|ئىچېگاشەن شىبە يېزىسى}} | {{Transliteration|ug|Ichëgashen shibe yëzisi}} | {{lang|kk-Arab|يچىگاشان سىبە ۇلتتىق اۋىلى}} | {{lang|kk|Ичігәшән Сібе Ұлттық ауылы}} | 654004200 | (Xibe)<br />{{MongolUnicode|ᡞᠴᡝ ᡤᠠᡧᠠᠨ ᠰᡞᠪᡝ ᡤᡡᠰᠠ|lang=sjo|style=max-height:3.5em;text-align:left;word-wrap:normal}}<br />{{Transliteration|sjo|ice gašan sibe gūsa}} |- |}
Others: *61st Regiment Farm (六十一团) *62nd Regiment Farm (六十二团)
==See also== * Transport in China * Transport in Kazakhstan * Railway stations in Kazakhstan * Nurkent
== Gallery == {{Gallery |align=center |File:Jean Denis Attiret - Victory at Heluo Heshi- from Battle Scenes of the Quelling of Rebellions in - 1998.103.4 - Cleveland Museum of Art.jpg|The 1758 ''Victory of Khorgos'', a 1774 engraving by Jacques-Philippe Le Bas (1707-1783), after Jean-Denis Attiret (1702-1768). Musée Guimet, Paris.<ref>[http://www.pileface.com/sollers/breve.php3?id_breve=1719 ''Victory of Khorgos'']</ref> |File:RIAN archive 482282 Mounted guards at frontier's alpine section.jpg|Soviet border guards near Korgas (1984) |File:Khorgas gate.jpg|Korgas port gate }}
== Notes == {{Notelist}}
==References== {{Reflist}}
{{Xinjiang}} {{Cities of Xinjiang}} {{authority control}}
Category:China–Kazakhstan border crossings Category:County-level divisions of Xinjiang Category:Dry ports Category:Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture Category:Populated places in Xinjiang