{{Short description|Brazilians of Korean birth or descent}} {{Infobox ethnic group | group = Korean Brazilians | native_name = ''Coreano-brasileiro''<br />한국계 브라질인 | image = | caption = Brazil and South Korea | population = 50,000-70,000<ref name="MOFAT">{{Citation |title=재외동포현황 |year=2009 |url=http://www.mofat.go.kr/consul/overseascitizen/compatriotcondition/index6.jsp?TabMenu=TabMenu6 |access-date=2009-05-21 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20101023213104/http://www.mofat.go.kr/consul/overseascitizen/compatriotcondition/index6.jsp?TabMenu=TabMenu6 |archive-date=2010-10-23 |url-status=dead |publication-place=South Korea |publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade}}</ref> | popplace = [[Foz do Iguaçu]], [[Fortaleza]], and [[São Paulo City]] | langs = [[Brazilian Portuguese]] and [[Korean language|Korean]] | rels = [[Protestantism]], [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]], [[Buddhism]]<ref name="Park2009">{{Citation |title=The Korean Immigration in the Americas |year=2009 |editor-last=Park |editor-first=Kye-young |access-date=2013-03-10 |chapter=The Second Generation of Koreans in Brazil: A Portrait |chapter-url=http://www.international.ucla.edu/media/files/JRP-2008-2009-Im-2nd-Generation-Brazil.pdf |publisher=UCLA Center for Korean Studies}}</ref><ref name="Buddhanet">[http://www.buddhanet.info/wbd/search.php?keyword=korean&search=Search&country_id=11&province_id=0] Korean Buddhist congregations in Brazil</ref> | related = Other [[Koreans|Korean]] and [[Brazilians|Brazilian people]],<br />[[Korean Americans]] and other [[Asian Brazilians]] }}
'''Korean Brazilians''' ({{langx|pt|coreano-brasileiro}}, {{Korean|hangul=한국계 브라질인 |hanja=韓國系 브라질人}}) are [[Brazil]]ians of full, partial or predominantly [[Korea]]n ancestry or a Korean-born person residing in Brazil. The Korean population in Brazil, the largest in [[South America]], is about 50,000.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Matthews |first=Kevin |date=2007-07-30 |title=Latin American Scholars Meet over Kimchi |url=http://www.international.ucla.edu/article.asp?parentid=74931 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071022155846/http://international.ucla.edu/article.asp?parentid=74931 |url-status=dead |archive-date=October 22, 2007 |website=UCLA International Institute}}</ref>
On 6 January 2010, per Municipal Law no. 15100, the São Paulo City Council officially recognised [[Bom_Retiro_(district_of_São_Paulo)|Bom Retiro]] as the Korean cultural neighbourhood.<ref>Prefeitura da Cidade de São Paulo. [http://www3.prefeitura.sp.gov.br/cadlem/secretarias/negocios_juridicos/cadlem/integra.asp?alt=12012010L%20151100000] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140115011517/http://www3.prefeitura.sp.gov.br/cadlem/secretarias/negocios_juridicos/cadlem/integra.asp?alt=12012010L%20151100000 |date=2014-01-15 }}, "Pesquisa de Legislação Municipal Nº 15100", retrieved 14 January 2014</ref>
In terms of religion, the vast majority of Korean Brazilians are Protestant, with a minority of Catholics.<ref name="Park2009" /><ref name="Joo2010">{{Cite journal |last=Joo |first=Jong-Taick |date=2010 |title=Culture and Ethnicity in the Korean Transnational Community in Brazil |url=http://www.lakis.or.kr/upload/userFile/2011/3/16/11-%C1%D6%C1%BE%C5%C3_Culture_and_Ethnicity_in_the_Korean_Transnational_Community_in_Brazil3.pdf |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=323–356 |access-date=2013-03-10 |script-journal=ko:이베로아메리카}}</ref> There are more Korean churches than Korean restaurants in the Korean Brazilian community.<ref name="Joo2010" /> There are also three Buddhist temples located in Korean communities in Brazil, which also attract non-Korean worshippers.<ref name="Buddhanet" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Joo |first=Jong-Taick |date=2007 |title=Korean Return Migrants from Brazil: Ethnic and Economic Aspects |journal=Korea Journal |language=en |volume=47 |issue=2 |pages=160–183 |doi=10.25024/kj.2007.47.2.160 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Since the 1990s, a net overall return migration pattern has evolved of Korean and Japanese Brazilians back to Korea and Japan, respectively.
==History== There were cases of Koreans immigrating to Brazil during the Japanese occupation of Korea such as Kim Soo Jo. In 1961, the Korean-Brazilian association made a deal to take Korean immigrants and the Korean-Brazilian cultural diplomatic group surveyed possible locations that would fit the Koreans.<ref>{{Cite web |title=한백문화 사절단 |url=http://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Contents/SearchNavi?keyword=%EB%B8%8C%EB%9D%BC%EC%A7%88&ridx=20&tot=48 |website=[[Encyclopedia of Korean Culture]]}}</ref> Official agricultural immigration from South Korea to Brazil began in 1962, and the early Korean people who immigrated to Brazil were helped by anti-[[communist]] political prisoners.<ref name="lokkk" /> Korean immigrants soon abandoned their agricultural projects and moved to [[São Paulo]], mainly to [[Bom Retiro (district of São Paulo)|Bom Retiro]], which was originally a Jewish area but became one of the centers of Korean residents. Most of the Korean residents began to work in the clothing industry. In 1976, the South Korean government built the "Cross saemaul farm" near [[Brasília]] to solve the illegal Korean immigrants problem in Brazil.<ref>{{Cite web |title=십자새마을농장 |url=http://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Contents/SearchNavi?keyword=%EB%B8%8C%EB%9D%BC%EC%A7%88&ridx=37&tot=48 |website=[[Encyclopedia of Korean Culture]]}}</ref> The Korean community was influenced by the 1994 economic policy [[Plano Real]].<ref name="lokkk">{{Cite web |title=브라질한인이민오십년사 |url=http://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Contents/SearchNavi?keyword=%EB%B8%8C%EB%9D%BC%EC%A7%88&ridx=1&tot=48 |website=[[Encyclopedia of Korean Culture]]}}</ref>
==Culture== ===Newspapers=== Before 1985, daily newspapers existed such as the ''Hankook Daily'' or ''Chosun Daily'', but these early newspapers ended up being a republishing of already existing Korean articles from South Korea. In 1985, the first Korean tabloid magazine ''Newsbrazil'' (published until 2011) was founded by Kim Jong Nam. The magazine helped the Korean-Brazilians, who were often illiterate in Portuguese, understand local economic policies and ads were placed. It also played as a role as a communication space.<ref>{{Cite web |title=뉴스브라질 |url=http://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Contents/SearchNavi?keyword=%EB%B8%8C%EB%9D%BC%EC%A7%88&ridx=3&tot=48 |website=[[Encyclopedia of Korean Culture]]}}</ref>
==Education== [[Colégio Polilogos]] (브라질한국학교), a South Korean international school, was located in [[Bom Retiro (district of São Paulo)|Bom Retiro]], [[São Paulo]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=[Home page] |url=http://colegiopolilogos.com.br/wpk/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150918030538/http://colegiopolilogos.com.br/wpk/ |archive-date=2015-09-18 |access-date=21 September 2015 |website=[[Colégio Polilogos]] (브라질한국학교) |quote=Rua Solon, 1018 – Bom Retiro São Paulo – SP}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Korean School {{sic|nolink=y|Infomation}} – 브라질한국학교 |url=http://www.interedu.go.kr/edu_net/overseas/sch_formal_inform.htm?no=28&page=1&key=4 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061002015049/http://www.interedu.go.kr/edu_net/overseas/sch_formal_inform.htm?no=28&page=1&key=4 |archive-date=October 2, 2006 |access-date=September 21, 2015 |website=Overseas Korean Educational Institutions}}</ref>
==Notable persons== * [[Angela Park]], LPGA golfer (South Korean parents) * [[Francisco Hyun-sol Kim]], professional footballer (South Korean parents) * [[Chyung Eun-ju]], beauty pageant titleholder, model, student and TV presenter (Originally from [[Seoul, South Korea]]) * [[Catharina Choi Nunes]], Miss Korea 2013 second runner-up, Miss Earth Fire 2013, Miss World Brazil 2015 (Korean Brazilian mother) * [[Iara Lee]], filmmaker (Korean descent) * [[ARrC|Jibeen]], member of Korean boy group [[ARrC]] * [[Jung Mo Sung]], liberation theologian (Originally from [[Seoul, South Korea]]) * [[Kim Yun-sik]], South Korean [[hapkido]] and [[taekwondo]] [[Grandmaster (martial arts)|grandmaster]], founder of Bum Moo Kwan Hapkido (Originally from [[Seoul, South Korea]]) * {{ill|Yoo Na Kim|pt}}, journalist, writer (Originally from [[Seoul, South Korea]]) * {{ill|Pyong Lee|pt}}, YouTuber, illusionist, hypnologist (South Korean father) * [[Juliano Son]], singer and worship minister (South Korean parents)
==See also== {{Portal|Brazil|Korea}} * [[Brazil–North Korea relations]] * [[Brazil–South Korea relations]] * [[Immigration to Brazil]] * [[Asian Brazilians]] * [[Korean diaspora]] * [[Chinese Brazilians]] * [[Japanese Brazilians]]
==References== {{Reflist}}
{{Ancestry and ethnicity in Brazil}} {{Brazil topics}} {{Korean diaspora}}
[[Category:Korean diaspora in Brazil| ]] [[Category:Brazilian people of Korean descent| ]] [[Category:Korean diaspora in Latin America]]