{{distinguish|Komala Kurdistan's Organization of the Communist Party of Iran|Komala of the Toilers of Kurdistan}} {{pp-protect|small=yes}} {{Coord|35.4069|N|45.4657|E|display=title}} {{Infobox political party | name = Komala | logo = The Official Logo Of Komala.png | logo_size = 100px | caption = Red star combined with the Soviet-style typography of Komala in Farsi script<ref name="Detsch">{{citation|last1=Detsch|first1=Jack|title=Kurdish rebels join anti-Iran lobbying fray|url=https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2018/10/kurdish-rebels-anti-iran-lobbying.html|date=2 October 2018|work=Al-Monitor|access-date=30 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181002234856/https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2018/10/kurdish-rebels-anti-iran-lobbying.html|archive-date=2 October 2018}}</ref> | colorcode = Red | abbreviation = KPIK | leader = Abdulla Mohtadi<ref name="MERIA">{{cite journal|author=Rodi Hevian|title=THE MAIN KURDISH POLITICAL PARTIES IN IRAN, IRAQ, SYRIA, AND TURKEY: A RESEARCH GUIDE|url=http://www.rubincenter.org/2013/08/the-main-kurdish-political-parties-in-iran-iraq-syria-and-turkey-a-research-guide/|date=Summer 2013|volume=17|journal=Middle East Review of International Affairs|number=2|publisher=Rubin Center for Research in International Affairs|location=Herzliya, Israel|access-date=2018-05-22|archive-date=2017-03-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170328125252/http://www.rubincenter.org/2013/08/the-main-kurdish-political-parties-in-iran-iraq-syria-and-turkey-a-research-guide/|url-status=dead}}</ref> | foundation = 1969<br>2000 | split = Komalah (CPI) (2000) | merged = Communist Party of Iran (1983) | ideology = Social democracy<ref name="Komala International">{{cite web |url=https://www.komalainternational.org/ |website=komalainternational.org |title=Komala Party of Iranian Kurdistan |quote=Komala is a social democratic political party from the Kurdish region of Iran. Komala has been seeking a secular democratic federal ruling system to replace the current theocratic regime.}}</ref><br />Kurdish minority interests<br />Federalism<ref name="Komala International" /><br />Secularism<ref name="Komala International" /><br>Historically:<br>Communism<br>Marxism–Leninism<br>Maoism | headquarters = Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan Region | international = Socialist International (consultative)<br/>Progressive Alliance<br/>UNPO | website = http://www.komalainternational.org/<br/>https://www.komala.org<br/>https://www.komala.com | country = Iran | founder = Foad Mostafa Soltani<br>Mohammad Hossein Karimi<br>Abdulla Mohtadi | position = Centre-left to left-wing<br>Historically:<br>Far-left | national = Congress of Nationalities for a Federal Iran<br>Coalition of Political Forces of Iranian Kurdistan {{small|(2026–present)}} | colors = {{color box|#E70A0A}} Red | flag = Flag of Komala.svg | membership = <1,000 (estimate)<ref name="Milburn"/> | membership_year = 2017 }}
The '''Komala Party of Iranian Kurdistan''' ({{langx|ku|{{lang|fa|كۆمهڵهی شۆڕشگێڕی زهحمهتكێشانی كوردستانی ئێران}}|Komełey Şorrişgêrrî Zehmetkêşanî Kurdistanî Êran|lit=Society of Revolutionary Toilers of Iranian Kurdistan}}), commonly shortened to '''Komalah''' ({{langx|ku|Komełe}}; {{langx|fa|کومله}}), is a social-democratic<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bj.admin.ch/dam/sem/en/data/internationales/herkunftslaender/asien-nahost/irq/IRQ-ber-factfindingmission-e.pdf.download.pdf/IRQ-ber-factfindingmission-e.pdf |title=Department of Justice and Police (FDJP) Pages 81 and 82 |access-date=2020-10-14 |archive-date=2023-06-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230620133624/https://www.bj.admin.ch/dam/sem/en/data/internationales/herkunftslaender/asien-nahost/irq/IRQ-ber-factfindingmission-e.pdf.download.pdf/IRQ-ber-factfindingmission-e.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[https://www.trouw.nl/nieuws/dansend-verzet~b7d102c1/ Trouw]</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.trouw.nl/gs-bcaeb60d|title=Dromen aan de grens|first=Judit|last=Neurink|date=January 25, 2009|website=Trouw}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/persian/world/2010/06/100617_l15_ptv_hard_talk_mohtadi|title=عبدالله مهتدی: از تغيير قانون اساسی بدون خشونت و خونريزی دفاع می کنيم|date=June 17, 2010|website=BBC News فارسی}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://komalainternational.org/2018/03/05/komalas-beliefs|title=Komala's Beliefs|website=komalainternational.org}}</ref> ethnic party of Kurds in Iran. Formerly with Marxist-Leninist and communist ties,<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kazemzadeh|first=Masoud|date=2009|title=U.S.–Iran Confrontation in the Post-NIE World: An Analysis of Alternative Policy Options|journal=Comparative Strategy|volume=28|issue=1|pages=14–27|doi=10.1080/01495930802679736|s2cid=154745287|issn=1521-0448}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Azeez|first=Govand Khalid|date=2019|title=The "Kurd" between capitalist-statist nationalism and class conflict|journal=Critique|volume=47|issue=3|pages=411–432|doi=10.1080/03017605.2019.1644724|s2cid=201367012|issn=1748-8605}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Akbarzadeh|first1=Shahram|last2=Shahab Ahmed|first2=Zahid|last3=Laoutides|first3=Costas|last4=Gourlay|first4=William|date=2019|title=The Kurds in Iran: balancing national and ethnic identity in a securitised environment|journal=Third World Quarterly|volume=47|issue=3|pages=1145–1162|doi=10.1080/01436597.2019.1592671|s2cid=159392674|issn=1360-2241}}</ref> the Komalah is a well established party with a history of more than five decades. The Komala party's headquarters are presently in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. They have an armed wing that has a history of leading the Kurdish resistance. The Komalah has advocated for anti-imperialism and Kurdish self-determination.<ref name="MERIA"/>
The group is classified as a terrorist organization by Iran and Japan. Since 2018, it is a registered lobby group in the United States.
Komala has been engaged in guerrilla warfare against the Iranian government, notably during the 1979 Kurdish rebellion and the Iran–Iraq War. It was also involved in armed conflict against the Democratic Party of Iranian Kurdistan (KDPI) during the 1980s and early 1990s.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Structure of Kurdish Society and the Struggle for a Kurdish State|author=Hussein Tahiri|year=2007|publisher=Mazda Publications|volume=8|series=Bibliotheca Iranica: Kurdish studies series|isbn=9781568591933|page=144}}</ref> After a protracted ceasefire, the organization declared that armed conflict with Iran had resumed as of 2017.<ref name="Milburn"/>
== History == It is not known when exactly the organization began its activity.<ref>{{citation|first=Ali|last=Ezzatyar|title=The Last Mufti of Iranian Kurdistan: Ethnic and Religious Implications in the Greater Middle East|date=2016|publisher=Springer|isbn=9781137563248|page=35}}</ref> According to the account of Abdullah Mohtadi, he co-founded the group on 27 October 1969 at a secret initiation meeting together with six other Kurdish students in Tehran.<ref>{{citation|first=Ali|last=Ezzatyar|title=The Last Mufti of Iranian Kurdistan: Ethnic and Religious Implications in the Greater Middle East|date=2016|publisher=Springer|isbn=9781137563248|page=104}}</ref> This is disputed by Hussein Moradbegi and Iraj Farzad, two co-founders who state that the group was officially born on 26 January 1979. Abbas Vali argues the latter view is correct, as the 1969-established organization had no specific ethnic identity and had no position on Kurdistan, and Kurdish members of the former –Foad Mostafa Soltani, Mohammad Hossein Karimi, Abdollah Mohtadi, Tayeb Abbas Ruh Illahi, Mohsen Rahimi, Ibrahim Alizade, Sa’ed Vatandoust, Hussein Moradbagi, Omar Ilkhanizadeh and Iraj Farzad– created an offshoot.<ref>{{citation|first=Abbas|last=Vali|title=The Forgotten Years of Kurdish Nationalism in Iran|date=2020|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-030-16069-2|doi=10.1007/978-3-030-16069-2|pages=165–166|s2cid=198843257 }}</ref>
The organization initially operated underground, and became public after the Iranian Revolution in 1979.<ref name="Kreyenbroek and Sperl"/> Shortly afterwards, they boycotted the March 1979 referendum, as well as the next referendum of December 1979.<ref>{{cite book|last=Romano|first=David|title=The Kurdish Nationalist Movement: Opportunity, Mobilization and Identity|series=Cambridge Middle East studies|volume=22|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2006|page=236|isbn=978-0-521-85041-4|oclc=61425259}}</ref> Ladislav Bittman wrote in ''The KGB and Soviet Disinformation'' that Komala was part of the KGB's network in Iran, and was founded under the financial and ideological influence of the Soviet Union.<ref>{{citation|first=Ladislav|last=Bittman|title=The KGB and Soviet Disinformation: An Insider's View|url=https://archive.org/details/TheKGBAndSovietDisinformationLadislavBittman|publisher=Pergamon-Brassey's|year=1983|isbn=9780080315720|page=111}}</ref> Edgar O'Ballance states that Komala received "help" from the Soviet KGB.<ref>{{citation|first=Edgar|last=O'Ballance|journal=Military Review: The Professional Journal of the United States Army|title=The Kurdish Factor in the Gulf War|volume=61|number=6|date=June 1981|page=16}}</ref>
In 1981, Komala refused to join the National Council of Resistance of Iran (NCRI).<ref>{{cite book|first1=Charles|last1=Hobday|first2=Roger|last2=East|editor-first=David Scott|editor-last=Bell|title=Communist and Marxist parties of the world|page=245|publisher=Longman|year=1990|isbn=9780582060388}}</ref>
In September 1983, the group underwent organizational changes and patterned itself as an orthodox communist party, eventually joining the Communist Party of Iran, as its Kurdish wing.<ref name="NE"/> In 2000, the faction led by Abdullah Mohtadi split from the latter and styled itself as the "original" Komala.<ref>{{citation|last1=Romano|first1=David|last2=Gurses|first2=Mehmet|title=Conflict, Democratization, and the Kurds in the Middle East: Turkey, Iran, Iraq, and Syria|date=2014|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-1-137-40999-7|page=75|edition=1st|doi=10.1057/9781137409997_4}}</ref>
During the George W. Bush administration, the group's leader met American officials in 2005 and 2006 amidst approval of Iran Freedom and Support Act budget. While it is unclear which groups have been funded through the program, Mohtadi welcomed aid in 2008 and stated "If you’re a political movement that is part of an opposition, you need help from abroad... We're not ashamed to admit it."<ref>{{citation|first=Borzou|last=Daragahi|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2008-apr-15-fg-proxy15-story.html|title=Iran says U.S. aids rebels at its borders|date=15 April 2008|access-date=11 May 2020|work=The Los Angeles Times}}</ref> In 2006, the party set up its Sweden-based satellite television named Rojhelat TV. The Turkish TV channel NTV reported that the channel has been established with financial assistance from the United States.<ref>{{citation|title=USA said aiding Iranian-Kurdish ROJHELAT TV in Sweden - Turkish report|date=4 January 2006|work=BBC Monitoring European|location=London}}, {{ProQuest|459397420}}</ref>
The faction led by Omar Ilkhanizade split in October 2007 on the grounds that the politburo acted non-democratically, founding the faction of reform.<ref name="Ahmadzadeh and Stansfield">{{citation|first1=Hashem|last1=Ahmadzadeh|first2=Gareth|last2=Stansfield|title=The Political, Cultural, and Military Re-Awakening of the Kurdish Nationalist Movement in Iran|journal=Middle East Journal|volume=64|number=1|date=2010|pages=11–27|doi=10.3751/64.1.11|jstor=20622980|hdl=10871/9414|s2cid=143462899|hdl-access=free}}</ref> On 29 April 2008, another faction, led by Abdulla Konaposhi, accused Mohtadi of "non-democratic management", and expressing dissatisfaction with a policy of cooperation with monarchists including Reza Pahlavi, split from the group to establish the reunification faction.<ref name="Ahmadzadeh and Stansfield"/> Both factions have since reunited with the party.<ref>{{cite web|author1=Komala Party of Iranian Kurdistan Secretariat|title=Announcement on the Komala Party of Iranian Kurdistan – Reunification Faction rejoining|url=http://www.brwska.org/content-168.html?fbclid=IwAR1bxWBJ-T_nI9c8TtD6P--qXkN9774g5j0A2SY_TSc_oku5qPuZ6QfMEbk|website=Brwska.org|access-date=4 June 2023|date=27 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author1=Komala Media Center|title=Declaration of the merger of the two sides of Komala|url=https://www.komala.com/?p=16308|website=Komala.com|access-date=4 June 2023|language=fa|date=27 November 2022}}</ref>
On 21 June 2023, the alliance between the Komala Party of Iranian Kurdistan and Komala of the Toilers of Kurdistan collapsed.<ref name="II">{{cite news |title=Infighting Between Iranian Kurdish Groups Leaves At Least Two Dead |url=https://www.iranintl.com/en/202306227400 |access-date=23 June 2023 |agency=Iran International}}</ref> Following the collapse, the two clashed, and as a result of the infighting, two were killed and three were wounded.<ref name="II"/> The clashes took place in Zargawez in Iraq's Kurdistan Region.<ref name="II"/> Norway-based Kurdish human rights NGO Hengaw offered readiness to mediate between the two.<ref name="II"/>
== Ideology == The group is ideologically Marxist–Leninist, therefore it saw itself revolutionary and transcending ethnic boundaries, unlike the rival Democratic Party of Iranian Kurdistan.<ref name="NE">{{cite book|last=Entessar|first=Nader|title=Kurdish Politics in the Middle East|publisher=Lexington Books|location=Lanham|pages=49–50|year=2010|isbn=9780739140390|oclc=430736528}}</ref> The Komala Party claims to support social democracy, federalism, and secularism in Iran.<ref name="Komala International" /> It was predominantly Maoist during first decade of its activity<ref name="NE"/> and adopted it as a mobilization strategy to recruit from peasantry and lower urban class.<ref>{{cite book|last=Romano|first=David|title=The Kurdish Nationalist Movement: Opportunity, Mobilization and Identity|series=Cambridge Middle East studies, 22.|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2006|page=233|isbn=978-0-521-85041-4|oclc=61425259}}</ref> Michael Gunter says that inspired by Chinese Communist Revolution, they became Maoists and viewed Kurdish nationalism as parochial.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Gunter|first1=Michael M.|title=The A to Z of the Kurds|date=2009|page=102|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=9780810863347}}</ref>
However at its first congress held in 1979, the ideology was renounced due to being "inappropriate to Kurdish conditions in Iran".<ref name="NE"/> In 1981, the group initiated self-criticism of its past and concluded that what it needs is "strong links with the proletariat".<ref name="Kreyenbroek and Sperl">{{cite book|editor-last1=Kreyenbroek|editor-first1=Philip G.|editor-last2=Sperl|editor-first2=Stefan|title=The Kurds: A Contemporary Overview|publisher=Routledge|page=143|year=2005|isbn=9781134907663}}</ref>
In 2000, when the party claimed reestablishment, it criticized some reports to the 8th congress of the CPI in 1995 for not being correct from the Marxist viewpoint and giving more privileges to the bourgeois nationalist groups. Sabah Mofidi described the party's position on political spectrum in 2016 as "radical left", adding that "in the line of the created changes in the practical thought of Marxism and indeed the indigenous Marxism accommodated with the place-time conditions of various societies, it has become more pragmatic and taken steps to realism".<ref>{{citation|first=Sabah|last=Mofidi|title=The Left Movement and National Question: From Romanticism to Realism (With a Focus on Komala Organization)|journal=Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Studies|volume=3|number=1|pages=20–48|date=June 2016|location=Istanbul|publisher=Yildiz Technical University|doi=10.29333/ejecs/48|issn=2149-1291|doi-access=free}}</ref>
It is currently a member of the Progressive Alliance<ref>{{Cite web|title=Parties & Organisations|url=https://progressive-alliance.info/network/parties-and-organisations/|access-date=2020-10-09|website=Progressive Alliance|language=en-US}}</ref> which was formed in 2013 as an international association of social democratic and socialist parties.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Agenda (en)|url=http://progressive-alliance.info/network/agenda/|access-date=2020-10-09|website=Progressive Alliance|language=en-US|archive-date=2017-03-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170315030719/http://progressive-alliance.info/network/agenda/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
== Armed activities == {{see also|1979 Kurdish rebellion in Iran|Iran–Iraq War|KDPI–Komala conflict|Western Iran clashes}} {{Infobox militant organization | name = Komala Peshmerga | native_name = | war = {{tree list}} * 1979 Kurdish rebellion in Iran * Iran–Iraq War * KDPI–Komala conflict * Iran–PJAK conflict ** Western Iran clashes {{tree list/end}} | image = | caption = | active = 1979–1991<br>2016–Present | ideology = | leaders = Abdulla Mohtadi | clans = | headquarters = Sulaymaniyah, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Kurdistan Region, Iraq | area = | size = less than 1,000 members.<ref name="Milburn"/> | partof = | predecessor = | successor = | allies = {{flagicon|Iraq|1963}} Ba'athist Iraq<br>{{flagicon image|İran Kürdistanı Demokrat Partisi bayrağı.jpg}} Democratic Party of Iranian Kurdistan (1982−1984);(since 2012)<br>{{flagicon image|Flag of the Organization of Iranian People's Fedai Guerrillas (Red).svg}} Iranian People's Fedai Guerrillas<br>{{flagicon image|Flag of the Organization of Iranian People's Fedai Guerrillas (Red).svg}} Organization of Iranian People's Fedai Guerrillas (Minority)<br>Salvation Force (formerly)<br>{{flagicon|Kurdistan}} Kurdistan Region | opponents = {{flag|Iran}}<br>{{flagicon image|İran Kürdistanı Demokrat Partisi bayrağı.jpg}} Democratic Party of Iranian Kurdistan (1984−1991)<br>Salvation Force | status = }}
thumb|Komala Peshmerga in 2013
Following Iran–Iraq War, the group were stationed inside Iraqi soil and were supported by Saddam Hussein and his Ba'athist regime,<ref>{{cite book|first1=Seyed Mohammad|last1=Lolaki|isbn=978-981-15-0478-5|doi=10.1007/978-981-15-0478-5|year=2020|title=Diverging Approaches of Political Islamic Thought in Iran since the 1960s|publisher=Springer|page=211|s2cid=211315936 }}</ref> who was willing to leverage insurgent groups against Tehran.<ref name="Deterring Terrorism"/> Saddam gave the group money, logistical support and arms.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=van Bruinessen|first=Martin|date=1986|title=The Kurds between Iran and Iraq|journal=MERIP Middle East Report|issue=141|pages=14–27|doi=10.2307/3011925|issn=0888-0328|jstor=3011925}}</ref> After 1991, they found more secure sanctuaries under ''de facto'' autonomous Kurdistan Region.<ref name="Deterring Terrorism">{{cite book|editor-first1=Andreas|editor-last1=Wenger|editor-first2=Alex|editor-last2=Wilner|isbn=9780804783477|year=2012|chapter=Deterring Kurdish Insurgent Attacks|title=Deterring Terrorism: Theory and Practice|publisher=Stanford University Press|pages=231–232}}</ref>
Headquarters of the group is currently located in an installation in Zergwez, about a 20-minute drive southeast of Sulaymaniya.<ref name="ACCORD">{{citation|title=Report on Joint Finnish-Swiss Fact-Finding Mission to Amman and the Kurdish Regional Government (KRG) Area, May 10-22, 2011|date=1 February 2012|url=https://www.ecoi.net/en/file/local/1170945/90_1329398573_2012-02-01-iraq-report-on-joint-finnish-swiss-fact-finding-mission.pdf|work=Finnish Immigration Service, Federal Office for Migration (Switzerland)|id=1170945|via=Austrian Centre for Country of Origin and Asylum Research and Documentation (ACCORD)}}</ref> A European mission reported in 2012 that the camp has strict security measures at the entry gate.<ref name="ACCORD"/> Their previous camp was located in the vicinity of Halabja, near Iran–Iraq border, but after they suffered from attacks by Iranian Armed Forces, they moved to the current place.<ref name="ACCORD"/>
James Martin of ''The Jerusalem Post'' who visited the camp in 2007, wrote that Komala guerillas were equipped with AK-47s and RPGs, and are also trained in using anti-aircraft guns.<ref>{{citation|first=James|last=Martin|title=Lunch with Komala|url=https://www.jpost.com/features/lunch-with-komala|work=The Jerusalem Post|date=23 August 2007|access-date=15 April 2020}}</ref>
A report published by Combating Terrorism Center in 2017, estimated that the group has less than 1,000 members.<ref name="Milburn"/>
== Designation as a terrorist organization == {{Campaignbox Kurdish separatism in Iran}} Iran<ref name="Milburn">{{citation|first=Franc|last=Milburn|title=Iranian Kurdish Militias: Terrorist-Insurgents, Ethno Freedom Fighters, or Knights on the Regional Chessboard?|url=http://www.css.ethz.ch/en/services/digital-library/articles/article.html/41930fa0-6afa-42f3-837b-e343778df613/pdf|publisher=Combating Terrorism Center|via=Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich|date=May 2017|volume=10|issue=5|journal=CTC Sentinel|pages=1–2|access-date=2020-04-20|archive-date=2022-03-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220321135433/https://css.ethz.ch/en/services/digital-library/articles/article.html/41930fa0-6afa-42f3-837b-e343778df613/pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> and Japan have listed Komala as a terrorist organization.<ref name="JPN">{{cite web |url=http://www.moj.go.jp/psia/ITH/organizations/ME_N-africa/komala.html |script-title=ja:コマラ|publisher=Ministry of Justice of Japan |language=ja |title=Komaleh，Kumele|access-date=20 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190309091042/http://www.moj.go.jp/psia/ITH/organizations/ME_N-africa/komala.html|archive-date=9 March 2019|url-status=dead }}</ref>
== Lobbying activities == In September 2018, the group opened an office in Washington D.C., and formally registered as a lobby organization in the United States, while it was reported to hold meetings with Congressmen from both parties since at least 2015.<ref name="Detsch"/> According to filed reports, Komala spent $7,500 in 2018 and in the next year, penned a $4,000 per month contract with the firm AF International, along with another worth $40,000 with Cogent Law Group.<ref>{{citation|editor-first=Julian|editor-last=Pecquet|url=https://lobbying.al-monitor.com/pulse/iran|title=Annual Overview 2019: Iran opposition buoyed by Trump's 'maximum pressure' campaign|work=Al-Monitor Lobbying Tracker|date=11 September 2019|access-date=30 March 2020}}</ref> One-fourth of latter included working on an op-ed, advise to establish a charitable foundation in the U.S., and "develop" a Wikipedia page.<ref>{{citation|first=Aaron|last=Schaffer|url=https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2020/02/komala-iranian-kurds-hire-lobbyist-executive-branch-meet-trump.html|title=Iranian Kurdish rebels hire law firm to lobby Trump administration|work=Al-Monitor|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200206153842/https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2020/02/komala-iranian-kurds-hire-lobbyist-executive-branch-meet-trump.html|archive-date=6 February 2020|date=5 February 2020|access-date=20 April 2020}}</ref>
==References== {{Reflist}}
{{Iranian exiled parties}}
Category:2000 establishments in the Kurdistan Region (Iraq) Category:Banned socialist parties Category:Banned Kurdish political parties Category:Banned political parties in Iran Category:Iranian-American organizations Category:Iranian diaspora parties Category:Socialism in Kurdistan Category:Social democratic parties in Iran Category:Social democratic parties in Iraq Category:Social democratic parties in Kurdistan Category:Kurdish political parties in Iran Category:Kurdish political parties in Iraq Category:Left-wing militant groups in Iran Category:Lobbying organizations based in Washington, D.C. Category:Militant opposition to the Islamic Republic of Iran Category:Organisations designated as terrorist by Iran Category:Organisations designated as terrorist by Japan Category:Political parties established in 2000 Category:Political parties in the Kurdistan Region (Iraq) Category:Political parties of the Iranian Revolution