Kitsuki Domain

{{Short description|Administrative division in western Japan during the Edo period (1632-1871)}} {{Infobox former subdivision |_noautocat = |native_name = |conventional_long_name = Kitsuki Domain<br>{{lang|ja|杵築藩|}} |common_name = Kitsuki Domain |subdivision = Domain |image =Kitsuki castle.jpg |image_caption = Kitsuki Castle |nation = Japan |status_text = |government_type = |title_leader = ''Daimyō'' |leader1 = |year_leader1 = |leader2 = |year_leader2 =  |capital = Kitsuki Castle |coordinates = {{Coord|33|24|53.09|N|131|37|39.6|E|region:JP-38_type:landmark_scale:60000|display=inline,title}} | membership_title1 = Province | membership1 = Bungo Province |political_subdiv = |today = Oita Prefecture   |year_start = 1632 |year_end = 1871 |event_start = |date_start =  |event_end = Abolition of the han system |date_end =  |event1 = |date_event1 = |event2 = |date_event2 = |life_span = |era = Edo period |event_pre =  |date_pre = |event_post =  |date_post =  |image_border =  |image_coat = Kituki Sasa (No background and Black color drawing).svg |symbol_type = ''Mon'' of the Nomi-Matsudaira clan |symbol = |image_map = |image_map_caption =  |stat_year1 =  |stat_area1 =  |stat_pop1 =  |footnotes =  }} {{image frame | width = 255 | content = {{Location map|Japan Oita Prefecture#Japan |width = |float = |border = |caption = Location of Kitsuki Castle |alt = |relief = 1 |AlternativeMap= |overlay_image = |label = |label_size = |position = |background = |mark = |marksize = |coordinates= {{coord|33|14|26.31|N|131|36|41.16|E}} }} }}

right|thumb|270px|Castle town of Kitsuki thumb|270px|Matsudaira Chikataka, final ''daimyō'' of Kitsuki {{nihongo|'''Kitsuki Domain'''| 杵築藩| Kitsuki-han}} was a feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan, in what is now northern Ōita Prefecture. It was centered around Kitsuki Castle in what is now the city of Kitsuki and was ruled by the ''fudai daimyō'' Nomi-Matsudaira clan for most of its history.<ref name="Nakayama">{{cite book |last1=Nakayama |first1=Yoshiaki |title=江戸三百藩大全全藩藩主変遷表付 |date=2015 |publisher=Kosaido Publishing |isbn= 978-4331802946}}{{in lang|ja}}</ref><ref name="Nigi">{{cite book |last1=Nigi |first1=Kenichi |title=藩と城下町の事典―国別 |date=2004 |publisher=Tokyodo Printing |isbn=978-4490106510}}</ref><ref name="Papinot">{{cite book | last = Papinot | first = E| year = 1910| title = Historical and Geographic Dictionary of Japan | publisher = Tuttle (reprint) 1972 }}</ref>

==History== Bungo Province was under the control of the Ōtomo clan from the Kamakura period to the Sengoku period, with the Kunisaki Peninsula controlled by the {{nihongo|Kitsuki|木付|}}, a cadet branch of the clan. Under the tenure of the ''Kirishitan'' warlord Ōtomo Sōrin, the Ōtomo clan invaded Hyūga Province but were defeated by the Shimazu clan in 1586, and were confined to Nyūjima Castle (the predecessor of Usuki Castle). The Ōtomo were saved by Toyotomi Hideyoshi's 1586-1587 Kyūshū campaign and were allowed to reclaim Bungo Province as their territory. However, Ōtomo Yoshimune (Sōrin's son) behaved in a cowardly manner during the Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598) which so angered Hideyoshi that he was deprived of his fief and was banished. Bungo was divided into small fiefs and the Kitsuki clan was likewise dispossessed. Their territory passed to Sugiwara Nagafusa, Hayakawa Nagamasa, and finally to Hosokawa Tadaoki in 1599, upon his move from the 120,000 ''koku'' fief of Miyazu, in Tango Province. For his distinguished service at the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600, Tadaoki was granted the entire Buzen Province, and moved his seat first to Nakatsu Castle, then to Kokura Castle. The Hosokawa remained in Buzen until 1632, when Tadaoki's son Hosokawa Tadatoshi was transferred to the Kumamoto Domain in neighboring Higo Province. The former Hosokawa territory was partitioned; Ogasawara Tadazane, who had ruled the Akashi Domain of Harima Province, was granted 150,000 ''koku'' of land in northern Buzen, with the territory's seat of government being placed at Kokura Castle. The secondary castle of Nakatsu became the center of the new Nakatsu Domain, which was granted to Tadazane's nephew Ogasawara Nagatsugu. Simultaneously, Tadazane's younger brother Ogasawara Tadatomo, who had been a ''hatamoto,'' was given Kitsuki Castle in Bungo and its surroundings with a ''kokudaka'' of 40,000 ''koku'', making him a ''daimyō''. Tadatomo was relocated to Yoshida Domain in Mikawa Province in 1645. Matsudaira Hidechika, the ''daimyō'' of Bungo-Takada Domain replaced Ogasawara Tadatomo, with the domain slightly reduced to 32,000 ''koku''. His descendants ruled Kitsuki until the Meiji Restoration.

As flatland was scarce in Kitsuki, land reclamation and industrial arts were encouraged; Matsudaira Hidechika brought around 100 peasants with him from Mikawa; they formed what became commonly known as the ''Mikawa-shinden'' farmland. The domain's name spelling was changed in 1711 from [木付] to [杵築], during the tenure of the third ''daimyō'', Matsudaira Shigeyasu. The domain's finances deteriorated due to the Kyōhō famine; Miura Baien, a scholar residing in the domain, was commissioned to solve the crisis. Among his reforms was the opening of the domain school, the ''Gakushūkan'', in the Tenmei era (1781–1789).

In 1871, due to the abolition of the han system, Kitsuki Domain became Kitsuki Prefecture, and was later incorporated into Ōita Prefecture. The Nomi-Matsudaira clan was elevated to the ''kazoku'' peerage with the title of viscount in 1884.

==Holdings at the end of the Edo period== As with most domains in the han system, Kitsuki Domain consisted of several discontinuous territories calculated to provide the assigned ''kokudaka'', based on periodic cadastral surveys and projected agricultural yields.<ref>Mass, Jeffrey P. and William B. Hauser. (1987). [https://books.google.com/books?id=Hv99D510nHcC&pg=PA150&dq= ''The Bakufu in Japanese History,'' p. 150].</ref><ref>Elison, George and Bardwell L. Smith (1987). [https://books.google.com/books?id=T2_5_W7UFXwC&pg=PA18&dq= ''Warlords, Artists, & Commoners: Japan in the Sixteenth Century,'' p. 18].</ref>

*Bungo Province **87 villages in Kunisaki District **42 villages in Hayami District

== List of daimyō ==

:{| class=wikitable ! #||Name || Tenure || Courtesy title || Court Rank || ''kokudaka'' |- |colspan=6| 25px '''Ogasawara clan,''' 1632 -1645 (''Fudai'') |- ||1|| Ogasawara Tadatomo (小笠原忠知)||1632 - 1645||''Iki-no-kami'' (壱岐守)|| Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下)||40,000 ''koku'' |- |colspan=6| 25px '''Nomi-Matsudaira clan,''' 1645 - 1871 (''Tozama'') |- ||1|| Matsudaira Hidechika (松平英親 )||1645 - 1692||''Ichi-no-kami'' (市正)|| Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下)||32,000 ''koku'' |- ||2|| Matsudaira Shigeyoshi (松平重栄)||1692 - 1708||''Tango-no-kami'' (丹後守)|| Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下)||32,000 ''koku'' |- ||3|| Matsudaira Shigeyasu (松平重休)||1708 - 1715||''Buzen-no-kami'' (豊前守)|| Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下)||32,000 ''koku'' |- ||4|| Matsudaira Chikazumi (松平親純)||1715 - 1739||''Ichi-no-kami'' (市正)|| Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下)||32,000 ''koku'' |- ||5|| Matsudaira Chikamitsu (松平親盈)||1739 - 1767||''Tsushima-no-kami'' 対馬守)|| Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下)||32,000 ''koku'' |- ||6|| Matsudaira Chikasada (松平親貞)||1767 - 1785||''Chikugo-no-kami'' (筑後守)|| Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下)||32,000 ''koku'' |- ||7|| Matsudaira Chikakata (松平親賢)||1785 - 1802||''Suruga-no-kami'' (駿河守)|| Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下)||32,000 ''koku'' |- ||8|| Matsudaira Chikaakira (松平親明)||1802 - 1825||''Bitchū-no-kami'' (備中守)|| Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下)||32,000 ''koku'' |- ||9|| Matsudaira Chikayoshi (松平親良)||1825 - 1868||''Nakatsuka-no-taifu'' (中務大輔)|| Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下)||32,000 ''koku'' |- ||10|| Matsudaira Chikataka (松平親貴)||1868 - 1871||''Kawachi-no-kami'' (河内守)|| Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下)||32,000 ''koku'' |- |}

==See also== * List of Han * Abolition of the han system

== References == {{reflist}}

Category:Domains of Japan Category:History of Ōita Prefecture Category:Bungo Province Category:Kyushu region