Kinoks

{{Short description|1920s Soviet collective of filmmakers}}{{Expand Russian}} The '''Kinoks''' ({{langx|ru|'''Киноки'''|kino-oki|cinema-eyes}}) were a collective of Soviet filmmakers in the 1920s, consisting of Dziga Vertov, Elizaveta Svilova and Mikhail Kaufman.

According to Annette Michelson, Georges Sadoul states the collective was founded in 1922 <ref>{{cite book |last1=Michelson |first1=Annette |title=Kino-eye : the writings of Dziga Vertov |date=1984 |isbn=0-520-05630-2 |page=xxiv|publisher=University of California Press }}</ref> by Svilova, Vertov and Kaufman, and the painter Belyaev was a fourth member.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Michelson |first1=Annette |title=Kino-eye : the writings of Dziga Vertov |date=1984 |isbn=0-520-05630-2 |page=12|publisher=University of California Press }}</ref> However, in 1923 Svilova wrote an open letter to the journal LEF applying for admission to the Council of Three.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Svilova |first1=Elizaveta |title=V sovet troikh. Zaiavlenie |journal=LEF |date=1923 |issue=4 |pages=220–221 |url=http://www.ruthenia.ru/sovlit/j/2942.html}}</ref> Scholars have interpreted this as a publicity stunt "to provide exposure of their work and to raise awareness of their commitment to documentary cinema" <ref>{{cite book |last1=Penfold |first1=Christopher |title=Elizaveta Svilova and Soviet Documentary Film |date=2013 |publisher=PhD dissertation, University of Southampton |location=Southampton |page=16 |url=https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/367302/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Molcard |first1=Eva |title=Elizaveta Svilova |url=https://wfpp.columbia.edu/pioneer/elizaveta-svilova/ |website=Women Film Pioneers Project |publisher=Columbia University Libraries |accessdate=7 May 2020}}</ref> rather than an actual application, since Svilova had already been working with Vertov and Kaufman for several years. From 1922 to 1923 Vertov, Kaufman, and Svilova published a number of manifestos in avant-garde journals which clarified the Kinoks' positions vis-à-vis other leftist groups.

The Kinoks argued strongly for documentary cinema and the use of candid cameras and filming workers instead of using actors.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Michelson |first1=Annette |title=Kino-eye : the writings of Dziga Vertov |date=1984 |isbn=0-520-05630-2 |page=xxiv|publisher=University of California Press }}</ref> They published a series of manifestos and statements in LEF, an avant-garde cinema journal.

The most acclaimed work is ''Man with a Movie Camera'' (1929).{{Citation needed|date=July 2022}}

==References== {{Reflist}}

Category:Film organizations in the Soviet Union Category:Movements in cinema Category:Film collectives