List of Neapolitan monarchs

{{Short description|List of the monarchs of Naples}} [[File:Great Royal Coat of Arms of the Two Sicilies.svg|thumbnail|Coat of arms of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies.|326x326px]] The following is a list of '''rulers of the [[Kingdom of Naples]]''', from its first [[Sicilian Vespers|separation]] from the [[Kingdom of Sicily]] to its merger with the same into the [[Kingdom of the Two Sicilies]].

==Kingdom of Naples (1282–1501)==

===House of Anjou=== {{main|Capetian House of Anjou}}

In 1382, the Kingdom of Naples was inherited by [[Charles III of Naples|Charles of Durazzo]], [[King of Hungary]], great grandson of King Charles II of Naples. After this, the [[Capetian House of Anjou|House of Anjou]] of [[Naples]] was renamed '''House of Anjou-Durazzo''', when Charles married his first cousin [[Margaret of Durazzo]], member of a prominent Neapolitan noble family.

{| width=95% class="wikitable" ! width=8% | Portrait ! width=10% | Coat of Arms ! width=20% | Name ! colspan=2 width=14% | Reign ! width=15% | Claim to the throne ! width=10% | Title |- |align="center"|[[File:Charles IofAnjou.jpg|100px]] |align="center"|[[File:Arms of Jean dAnjou.svg|100px]] |align="center"|[[Charles I of Naples|Charles I]] (Carlo I) |align="center"|30 March 1282 |align="center"|7 January 1285 |{{*}}Conquered the [[Kingdom of Sicily]] from [[Manfred of Sicily|Manfred]] as a part of the war between the [[Hohenstaufen dynasty]] & the [[Papacy]] {{*}}Following the [[Sicilian Vespers]] in 1282, the island of [[Sicily]] was lost to [[Peter III of Aragon]] |align="center"|King of Sicily, Naples and Albania (Re di Sicilia, Napoli e Albania) |- |align="center"|[[File:Charles 2 of Naples.jpg|100px]] | rowspan="4" align="center" |[[File:Arms of Charles II dAnjou.svg|100px]] |align="center"|[[Charles II of Naples|Charles II]], ''the Lame'' (Carlo II, ''lo Zoppo'') |align="center"|7 January 1285 |align="center"|5 May 1309 |{{*}}Son of Charles I | rowspan="2" align="center" |King of Naples (Re di Napoli) |- |align="center"|[[File:Robert of Naples (head).jpg|100px]] |align="center"|[[Robert, King of Naples|Robert]], ''the Wise'' (Roberto, ''il Saggio'') |align="center"|5 May 1309 |align="center"|20 January 1343 |{{*}}Son of Charles II |- |align="center"|[[File:Joan I of Naples (head).jpg|100px]] |align="center"|[[Joanna I of Naples|Joanna I]] (Giovanna I) |align="center"|20 January 1343 |align="center"|12 May 1382 |{{*}} Granddaughter of Robert I |align="center"|Queen of Naples (Regina di Napoli) |- |align="center"|[[File:Louis_of_Taranto.jpg|100px]] |align="center"|[[Louis I of Naples|Louis I]] (Luigi I) |align="center"|18 August 1348 |align="center"|26 May 1362 |{{*}}Husband of Joanna I {{*}}Grandson of Charles II; member of the House of Anjou-Taranto {{*}}Potential claimant to the throne through the [[Patrilineality|male line]] if Joanna died childless, but he and his line also died out. |align="center"|''[[Jure uxoris]]'' King of Naples (Re di Napoli) |- | colspan="7" | After Joanna's death without legitimate issue, the heirs were her nieces, only one ([[Margaret of Durazzo|Margaret]]) of whom left issue (with [[Charles III of Naples|Charles]], a member of the Durazzo branch of the House of Anjou). The next ones in line were the Durazzo branch itself (the Taranto branch, of which Louis I was part, had been extinguished), whose prominent figure, [[Charles III of Naples|Charles]], was Joanna's enemy. |- |align="center"|[[File:Charles III of Naples (head).jpg|100px]] |align="center"|[[File:Arms of Charles III of Naples and Hungary.svg|100px]] |align="center"|[[Charles III of Naples|Charles III]], ''the Short'' (Carlo III, ''il Breve'') |align="center"|12 May 1382 |align="center"|24 February 1386 |{{*}} Great-grandson of Charles II and second cousin of Joanna I of Naples {{*}}Member of the House of Anjou-Durazzo | rowspan="2" align="center" |King of Naples (Re di Napoli) |- |align="center"|[[File:Ladislas of Naples (head).jpg|100px]] |align="center"|[[File:Coat of Arms of Ladislaus of Naples.svg|100px]] |align="center"|[[Ladislaus of Naples|Ladislaus]], ''the Magnanimous'' (Ladislao, ''il Magnanimo'') |align="center"|24 February 1386 |align="center"|Early 1390 |{{*}} Son of Charles III |}

===House of Valois-Anjou (disputed)=== {{main|House of Valois-Anjou}}

Joanna of Naples had refused to name her enemy Charles of Durazzo as heir to the Neapolitan throne despite him ending up succeeding her anyway. If Charles' line was ignored, the subsequent heirs would be the descendants of [[Margaret, Countess of Anjou]], a daughter of [[Charles II of Naples]]; the line pointed to the [[List of French monarchs|kings of France]] of the [[House of Valois]]. Joanna chose this line, though she named as heir, her second cousin once removed, [[Louis I, Duke of Anjou|Louis of Valois-Anjou]], the second son of King [[John II of France]], in order to avoid a [[personal union]] with France.

As Charles III had already seized the Neapolitan throne, initially the [[House of Valois-Anjou]] only had an empty claim. One of their members, [[Louis II of Naples|Louis II]], succeeded in ruling Naples for a time.

Time as claimant instead of actual rule will be shown in italic.

{| width=95% class="wikitable" ! width=8% | Portrait ! width=10% | Coat of Arms ! width=20% | Name ! colspan=2 width=14% | Reign ! width=15% | Relationship with Predecessor(s) ! width=10% | Title |- |align="center"|[[File:Lo%C3%ADsd%27Anjau.jpg|100px]] | rowspan="3" align="center" |[[File:Arms of Louis dAnjou.svg|100px]] |align="center"|[[Louis I, Duke of Anjou|Louis I of Anjou]] (Luigi I) |align="center"|''1382'' |align="center"|''1384'' |{{*}}Adopted son and heir of Joanna I {{*}}Great-great-grandson of Charles II through female line {{*}}Could not establish himself in Naples before his death | rowspan="3" align="center" |King of Naples (Re di Napoli) |- |align="center"|[[File:Louis II of Anjou, King of Naples and Sicily after an ink and watercolor drawing in the Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris.jpg|100px]] |align="center"|[[Louis II of Naples|Louis II]] (Luigi II) |align="center"|''1384'' 1389 |align="center"|''1417'' 1399 |{{*}}Son of Louis I (adopted son of Joanna I) {{*}}Crowned in 1389 {{*}}Actually ruled in Naples only from 1390 until 1399 |- |align="center"|[[File:Armorial de Gilles le Bouvier BNF Fr4985 f74.jpg|100px]] |align="center"|[[Louis III of Naples|Louis III of Anjou]] (Luigi III) |align="center"|''1417'' |align="center"|''1434'' |{{*}}Son of Louis II {{*}}He was recognised as [[Joanna II of Naples|Joanna II]]'s heir in 1423. |}

===House of Anjou (restored)===

===House of Valois-Anjou (restored)=== Joanna II recognised Louis III of Anjou as heir in 1423, however he died in 1434 before succeeding to the throne. His brother René of Anjou succeeded to the claim and became king upon Joanna's death in 1435.

===House of Trastámara=== {{main|House of Trastámara}} Before Louis of Anjou, Queen Joanna II's adopted heir had been Alfonso V of Aragon. His father, [[Ferdinand I of Aragon]] had inherited both Aragon & Sicily from his maternal uncle [[Martin of Aragon|Martin I of Aragon]]. Martin, in turn had claimed the throne of Sicily following the extinction of the Sicillian branch of the [[House of Barcelona]], thereby bringing Sicily under the Aragonese crown. Alfonso refused to be disinherited and conquered Naples from René of Anjou in 1442. Although both Sicily & Naples were once again under the rule of the single monarch since the Sicillian Vespers, Alfonso passed the Aragonese throne (including Sicily) to his brother [[John II of Aragon|John]], while Naples went to his illegitimate son Ferdinand.

{| width=95% class="wikitable" ! width=8% | Portrait ! width=10% | Coat of Arms ! width=20% | Name ! colspan=2 width=14% | Reign ! width=15% | Relationship with Predecessor(s) ! width=10% | Title |- |align="center"|[[File:Alfonso-V-el-Magnanimo.jpg|100px]] | rowspan="5" align="center" |[[File:Coat of Arms of Ferdinand I of Naples.svg|100px]] |align="center"|[[Alfonso V of Aragon|Alfonso I]], ''the Magnanimous'' (Alfonso I, ''il Magnanimo'') |align="center"|2 June 1442 |align="center"|27 June 1458 |{{*}}Adopted son of Joanna II; conquered |align="center"|King of Aragon, Sicily and Naples (Re di Aragona, Sicilia e Napoli) |- |align="center"|[[File:Ferrante I of Naples.jpg|100px]] |align="center"|[[Ferdinand I of Naples|Ferdinand I]] (Ferdinando I) |align="center"|27 June 1458 |align="center"|25 January 1494 |{{*}}Illegitimate son of Alfonso I | rowspan="4" align="center" |King of Naples (Re di Napoli) |- |align="center"|[[File:Alfonso II di Napoli.jpg|100px]] |align="center"|[[Alfonso II of Naples|Alfonso II]] (Alfonso II) |align="center"|25 January 1494 |align="center"|23 January 1495 |{{*}}Son of Ferdinand I |- |align="center"|[[File:Adriano fiorentino, medaglia di ferdinando d'aragona principe di capua.JPG|100px]] |align="center"|[[Ferdinand II of Naples|Ferdinand II]] (Ferdinando II) |align="center"|23 January 1495 |align="center"|7 September 1496 |{{*}}Son of Alfonso II |- |align="center"|[[File:Frederick IV of Naples.jpg|100px]] |align="center"|[[Frederick of Naples|Frederick]] (Federico) |align="center"|7 September 1496 |align="center"|1 August 1501 |{{*}}Son of Ferdinand I |}

==Union with France (1501–1504)== {{main|List of viceroys of Naples}}

Upon his death in 1480, [[René of Anjou]] transferred his claim to his nephew, [[Charles IV, Duke of Anjou]]. Charles died in 1481 and willed his claim to [[Louis XI]] of France. Louis' son [[Charles VIII of France|Charles VIII]] attempted to take Naples by force, but failed and died childless in 1498.

Charles VIII was succeeded by his 2nd cousin once removed [[Louis XII]]. Louis had no claim to the Neapolitan throne, but as successor to Charles VIII in France he nevertheless wanted to succeed him in Naples as well.

Naples was conquered in 1501 and became part of a [[personal union]] with the [[Kingdom of France]]. The local government was ruled by a [[List of viceroys of Naples|French]] [[viceroy]].

===House of Valois-Orléans===

==Union with Spain (1504–1647)== {{main|List of viceroys of Naples}} Ferdinand II of Aragon won Naples from the French in the [[Treaty of Granada (1500)|Treaty of Granada]]. Naples, alongside Sicily entered in a [[personal union]] within the [[Crown of Aragon]], which lasted for over 2 centuries. Over time, the Crown of Aragon and the [[Crown of Castile]] merged to form the [[Habsburg Spain|Monarchy of Spain]]. The local government was ruled by a [[List of viceroys of Naples|Spanish]] [[viceroy]]. The royal houses were: * [[House of Trastámara]] (1504–1516) * [[House of Habsburg]] (1516–1647)

===House of Trastámara===

Joanna III was kept confined under alleged insanity during her whole reign.

===House of Habsburg===

{| width=95% class="wikitable" ! width=8% | Portrait ! width=10% | Coat of Arms ! width=20% | Name ! colspan=2 width=14% | Reign ! width=15% | Relationship with Predecessor(s) ! width=10% | Title |- |align="center"|[[File:Carlos_V_rostro.JPG|100px]] |align="center"|[[File:Greater_Coat_of_Arms_of_Charles_I_of_Spain,_Charles_V_as_Holy_Roman_Emperor_(1530-1556).svg|100px]] |align="center"|[[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles IV]] (Carlo IV) |align="center"|14 March 1516 |align="center"|25 July 1554 |{{*}}Son of Joanna III |align="center"| |- |align="center"|[[File:Portrait_of_Philip_II_of_Spain_by_Sofonisba_Anguissola_-_002b.jpg|100px]] | rowspan="3" align="center" |[[File:Coat_of_Arms_of_the_King_of_Spain_as_Monarch_of_Milan_(1580-1700).svg|100px]] |align="center"|[[Philip II of Spain|Philip I]] |align="center"|25 July 1554 |align="center"|13 September 1598 |{{*}}Son of Charles IV |align="center"| |- |align="center"|[[File:Rey_Felipe_III.jpg|100px]] |align="center"|[[Philip III of Spain|Philip II]] |align="center"|13 September 1598 |align="center"|31 March 1621 |{{*}}Son of Philip I |align="center"| |- |align="center"|[[File:Philip_IV_of_Spain_-_Vel%C3%A1zquez_1644.jpg|100px]] |align="center"|[[Philip IV of Spain|Philip III]] |align="center"|31 March 1621 |align="center"|1647 |{{*}}Son of Philip II |align="center"| |}

==Neapolitan Republic (1647–1648)==

===House of Guise=== {{main|House of Guise}}

Officially [[Neapolitan Republic (1647)|a Republic]], [[Naples]] was governed for a short time by the [[Duke of Guise]], under the title of "'''Doge of Naples'''".

==Union with Spain (1648–1713)== {{main|War of the Spanish Succession}}

Naples returned to its former status; in [[personal union]] with the Crown of Aragon and the Spanish monarchy.

===House of Habsburg===

===House of Bourbon===

==Kingdom of Naples (1713–1799)== Under the terms of the [[Peace of Utrecht]] the crown of Naples passed to the [[Habsburg monarchy|Austrian Habsburgs]].

===House of Habsburg===

{| width=95% class="wikitable" ! width=8% | Portrait ! width=10% | Coat of Arms ! width=20% | Name ! colspan=2 width=14% | Reign ! width=15% | Relationship with Predecessor(s) ! width=10% | Title |- |align="center"|[[File:Charles VI (1685-1740), Holy Roman Emperor.jpg|100px]] |align="center"|[[File:Greater Coat of Arms of Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor.svg|100px]] |align="center"|[[Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles VI]] |align="center"|11 April 1713 |align="center"|1734/1735 |{{*}}Great-grandson of Philip II |align="center"| |}

===House of Bourbon=== {{main|House of Bourbon}} In 1734 Spanish troops conquered the Kingdom of Naples, which was surrendered to Charles of Bourbon under the [[Treaty of Vienna (1738)]].

==Parthenopean Republic (1799)== {{main|Sister Republic|French Revolutionary Wars}}

===Dictators=== {| class="wikitable" |- ! Nº ! Portrait ! width=30%|Name (Birth–Death) ! colspan=2 width=30%|Term of Office ! width=35%|Political Party ! Ref. |- bgcolor=#EEEEEE ! rowspan=2 style="background:{{party color|Military Rule}};" |1 | rowspan=2|[[File:Général JEAN ETIENNE CHAMPIONNET.jpg|100px]] | rowspan=2 align=center|'''[[Jean Étienne Championnet]]''' (1762–1800) | 21 January 1799 | 24 February 1799 | [[French Revolutionary Army|Military]] | rowspan=2| |- | colspan=3| Championnet was appointed to defend the [[Roman Republic (18th century)|Roman Republic]], but despite the [[French Directory]]'s directives, he also conquered Naples and created the [[Parthenopean Republic]]. After a short [[dictatorship]], he was deposed and imprisoned by [[First French Republic|France]] itself. |- bgcolor=#EEEEEE ! rowspan=2 style="background:{{party color|Military Rule}};" |2 | rowspan=2|[[File:MacDonald par Antoine Jean Gros.jpg|100px]] | rowspan=2 align=center|'''[[Étienne Macdonald]]''' (1765–1840) | 24 February 1799 | 3 June 1799 | [[French Revolutionary Army|Military]] | rowspan=2|<ref name=Acton>{{cite book|last=Acton|first=Harold|title=The Bourbons of Naples (1731–1825)|year=1957|publisher=Faber and Faber|location=London|edition=2009|isbn=9780571249015}}</ref> |- | colspan=3|After Championnet's deposition, MacDonald ruled Naples for some months, before moving his forces in [[Northern Italy]]. Naples was then reconquered by the [[House of Bourbon|Bourbons]]' loyalists. |}

==Kingdom of Naples (1799–1816)==

===[[House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies]]===

{| width=95% class="wikitable" ! width=8% | Portrait ! width=10% | Coat of Arms ! width=20% | Name ! colspan=2 width=14% | Reign ! width=15% | Relationship with Predecessor(s) ! width=10% | Title |- |align="center"|[[File:Mengs - Ferdinand IV of Naples, Royal Palace of Madrid.jpg|100px]] |align="center"|[[File:Greater Coat of Arms of Ferdinand IV of Naples.svg|100px]] |align="center"|Ferdinand IV (Ferdinando IV) |align="center"|13 June 1799 |align="center"|30 March 1806 |{{*}}Son of Charles VII |align="center"|King of Naples and Sicily (Re di Napoli e Sicilia) |}

===House of Bonaparte=== {{main|House of Bonaparte}}

===House of Murat=== {{main|House of Murat|Kingdom of Naples (Napoleonic)}}

===House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies=== {{main|Bourbon Restoration in France|Concert of Europe}}

{| width=95% class="wikitable" ! width=8% | Portrait ! width=10% | Coat of Arms ! width=20% | Name ! colspan=2 width=14% | Reign ! width=15% | Relationship with Predecessor(s) ! width=10% | Title |- |align="center"|[[File:Mengs - Ferdinand IV of Naples, Royal Palace of Madrid.jpg|100px]] |align="center"|[[File:Greater Coat of Arms of Ferdinand IV of Naples.svg|100px]] |align="center"|Ferdinand IV (Ferdinando IV) |align="center"|22 May 1815 |align="center"|8 December 1816 |{{*}}Son of Charles VII |align="center"|King of Naples and Sicily (Re di Napoli e Sicilia) |} Naples was merged with Sicily to form [[Kingdom of the Two Sicilies]].

==See also== * [[List of monarchs of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies]] * [[List of consorts of Naples]] * [[List of viceroys of Naples]] * [[List of monarchs of Sicily]] * [[Kings of Naples family tree]]

==References== {{reflist}}

[[Category:Monarchs of Naples|*]] [[Category:Kings of Sicily]] [[Category:Lists of monarchs in Europe|Naples]] [[Category:Naples-related lists|Monarchs]] [[Category:Neapolitan royal houses| ]]